不同品种莲藕加工脆片适宜性评价

以安徽主栽的4个莲藕品种为研究对象,测定了原料的淀粉含量、水分含量、脆度等8项指标,以及莲藕脆片的产出率、脆度、L值等8项指标,并采用模糊综合评价法对4种莲藕脆片的感官品质进行评定。结果表明,4个品种在脆度、硬度和粗纤维含量3项指标上具有显著差异;由不同原料制得的4个脆片样品在收缩率、脆度、硬度、总酚保留率和产出率5项指标上具有显著差异。由鄂莲5号莲藕加工制成的脆片综合评定分数最高,品质最好,该品种较其他3个品种更适宜加工成莲藕脆片。     

不同品种榛子加工榛子露适宜性评价

为了靶向利用榛子原料资源,获得更高品质的榛子露产品。从榛子的四大栽培区（北部、中部、南部、干旱及半干旱）收集了共21份榛子样品,按照相同工艺加工成榛子露植物蛋白饮料并测定其感官、理化与营养、加工品质三类指标。结合相关性、主成分分析筛选出榛子露的核心指标5项：b*、可溶性固形物、离心沉淀率、脂肪、蛋白质。层次分析确定核心指标权重依次为：7.198%、10.916%、14.271%、27.657%、39.959%,从而建立榛子露综合品质评价模型。在综合品质得分基础上通过聚类分析实现数据的最优分割。17号（南部安徽辽榛9号）以0.92综合得分排序第一,北部栽培区的辽榛3号表现较佳,推荐加工榛子露,干旱栽培区的榛子表现欠佳,可做其它榛子深加工产品的考虑。上述结果可以为后续企业生产榛子露时,在榛子原料品种选择和榛树选育上提供理论参考。     

不同品种羊肉熏制加工适宜性评价模型研究

中国肉羊品种资源丰富,不同品种羊肉营养理化品质特性存在差异,原料肉基本品质决定了熏制羊肉的品质。为研究不同品种羊肉营养理化品质特性的差异及其熏制加工适宜性,本实验以10?个品种肉羊的通脊为原料,分别测定了原料肉的7个指标(水分含量、蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、pH24 h值、L~*值、a~*值、b~*值)、熏制羊肉的9个品质指标(熏制损失率、剪切力、硬度、弹性、黏聚性、咀嚼性、表皮L~*、表皮a~*、表皮b~*)。通过多元统计分析研究了熏制前原料肉品质与熏制后羊肉品质之间的关系,结果发现水分含量与熏制损失率呈极显著正相关,蛋白质含量与黏聚性呈极显著正相关关系(P0.01),脂肪含量与弹性呈极显著负相关关系(P0.01)。筛选出关键理化指标分别为蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、pH24 h值、b~*值,建立了熏制羊肉品质的综合评价模型Y=0.190 9A+0.355 5B+0.234 3C+0.219 3D,其中,A为蛋白质含量、B为脂肪含量、C为pH24 h值、D为b~*值。     

不同品种青稞面粉品质评价及面条加工适宜性研究

为明确青稞面粉营养品质、加工品质与面条食用品质之间的关系,以青海省21种青稞面粉为原料,通过相关性分析和聚类分析,筛选出评价青稞面条加工适宜性的关键指标,构建青稞面条加工适宜性评价体系。结果表明,参试青稞面粉的淀粉含量变幅为69.95%~83.36%,脂肪含量变幅为0.87%~2.38%,纤维含量变幅为1.13%~3.69%,蛋白质含量变幅为6.88%~11.64%。北青8号（门源）峰值粘度（2 378.50 mPa·s）最高,昆仑15号（都兰）回生值（756.00 mPa·s）最高。昆仑16号（贵南）的持水性最好（4.32 g/g）,柴青1号（都兰）的持油性最高（0.94 g/g）。昆仑18号（门源）的透明度最大（28.40%）,冻融稳定性最大（77.16%）。青稞面粉的营养品质和加工特性与面条的蒸煮品质和质构特性部分指标存在显著或极显著相关,面粉含水量,总淀粉含量,抗性淀粉含量,面粉L*值和峰值粘度是评价青稞面条加工适宜性的关键指标,通过构建加工适宜性评价体系,确定了青稞面条加工适宜性评价等级,筛选出北青9号（西宁）,昆仑14号（西宁）,昆仑17号（门源）,柴青1号（贵南）,昆仑14号（贵南）,昆仑15号（贵南）等6个青稞面粉,适宜加工成青稞面条。本研究结果可为青稞面条加工原料的选择提供参考。     

农产品脆片加工研究进展

简要综述了可食农产品脆片加工工艺的主要影响因素,果蔬、薯类、食用菌脆片的工艺研究现状。同时,分析了脆片加工存在的问题,并对其前景进行展望。     

不同品种马铃薯的鲜切加工适宜性评价

该研究收集了4个综合性状优良的马铃薯主栽品种(V7、荷兰15号、黄金薯、荷兰7号),基于褐变情况和营养价值,综合评价了不同品种马铃薯鲜切加工的适宜性.结果表明,不同品种马铃薯的褐变情况有显著差异(P＜0.05),黄金薯品种最不易发生褐变,Vc含量(53.64 mg/100 g)显著高于其他品种,可能是其不易褐变的主要原...     

不同燕麦品种用于加工燕麦片的适宜性评价

为研究不同燕麦品种加工燕麦片的适宜性,以2012年国内燕麦主产区31个燕麦品种为研究对象,通过相关性分析、逐步回归分析、快速聚类分析等建立感官评价方法、筛选燕麦片评价指标并建立评价标准、筛选适宜加工燕麦片的品种。结果表明燕麦片感官评价新权重为形状大小20分、色泽15分、燕麦片口感35分、汤汁口感30分。加工适宜性评价标准为燕麦白度43~50、峰值黏度50~90 cm·g、总酚150~250 mg/100 g、β-葡聚糖4.50%~6.00%,燕麦片汤汁相对黏度2.00~4.00、容重300~350 g/L。根据聚类结果和适宜性评价标准,筛选出适宜加工燕麦片的品种为山西右玉的坝莜3号、晋燕8号,甘肃定莜2号,新疆白燕2号。     

不同部位牛肉烤制加工的适宜性

烤制是我国牛肉食用的主要方式之一,而不同部位牛肉烤制加工适宜性并不明确.本研究以牛肉上脑、腱子、辣椒条、黄瓜条、外脊、里脊、米龙和臀肉为研究对象,分析其烤制前营养品质、理化品质、加工品质及肌纤维特性和烤制后感官品质及烤制加工品质的差异,采用多元统计分析方法确定烤制加工的关键品质指标,并建立烤牛肉综合品质评价方程:Y=-...     

香菇脆片加工技术的研究进展

近年来,香菇的营养价值逐渐得到消费者的关注,作为一种与香菇本身营养成分相近的即食类香菇休闲食品—香菇脆片也广受人们的喜爱。为此,本文对食品工业中目前使用或研发的几种香菇脆片的生产方式进行了探讨,简要介绍了真空油炸膨化、真空冷冻干燥、真空微波干燥、气流膨化四种加工方式,同时对其在香菇脆片产业中的应用现状及加工方式的优劣进行了较为深入的比较,为香菇脆片的产业化发展提供理论指导和技术支持。     

不同品种甘薯生湿面条品质特性及加工适宜性分析

为了研究不同甘薯品种加工甘薯生湿面的适宜性,以38个甘薯为原料制作生湿面,分别测定甘薯的质构(texture profile analysis,TPA)、水分、灰分、淀粉、还原糖和总糖等加工指标以及甘薯生湿面的质构(TPA)和蒸煮损失率等品质指标,采用相关性分析、主成分分析和回归分析方法建立甘薯生湿面综合评价指标与甘薯原料加工指标之间的回归模型,然后通过K-means聚类法对38个甘薯品种的生湿面综合评价指标进行初步聚类。结果表明,适宜加工甘薯生湿面的品种有17个,基本适宜加工甘薯生湿面的有12个,不适宜加工成甘薯生湿面的品种有9个,评价结果与实际应用相符合。该研究可为甘薯生湿面加工专用品种的筛选提供一定的理论依据。     

Impact of processing on polysaccharides obtained from button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus)

Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies were subjected to processing: blanching, boiling in water and blanching followed by lactic acid fermentation. Water soluble polysaccharides were obtained from fruiting bodies, quantified and analysed in terms of chemical composition, antioxidant capacity and antiproliferative activity towards cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and T-47D). The content of water soluble polysaccharides ranged from 7.35 ± 0.12 to 6.90 ± 0.17 mg g⁻¹ fresh weight of sample. Boiling in water and blanching followed by fermenting caused minor decrease in the content. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy of the extracted polysaccharides showed that both α- and β-linkages are present in the samples. Size exclusion chromatography confirmed the presence of 163.3 and 1.9 kDa molecules. The processing caused changes in chemical composition (protein and phenolics content decreased). The isolated polysaccharides exerted antioxidant and antiproliferative activities. Both the activities were slightly lowered as the result of the processing.     

Radical‐scavenging properties of extracts from the white button mushroom,Agaricus bisporus

BACKGROUND: Agaricus bisporus is the premier cultivated edible mushroom but is usually considered to be of lesser value nutritionally and medicinally compared with other cultivated mushrooms. The objective of this study was to investigate the radical‐scavenging properties of methanolic extracts and the free radical‐processing enzyme activities of water extracts from A. bisporus fruit bodies. Analyses were performed on total fruit bodies from three strains and on separated stipe, cap and gills from one strain, all cultivated experimentally under the same conditions. RESULTS: EC₅₀ values of scavenging ability on 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH^?), scavenging ability on 2,2‐azino‐bis(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) radical cations (ABTS^?+) and reducing power of methanolic extracts from total fruit bodies ranged between 1.7 and 5.0 and were 1.1–1.9 times higher in a white hybrid than in two wild strains, cream and brown. The gills exhibited higher antioxidant activities relative to the stipe and cap. In water extracts, glutathione peroxidase activities were up to eight times higher than glutathione reductase activities and no difference was observed between strains. Catalase activity was highest in the brown wild strain. The only significant differences in free radical‐processing enzymes between the three parts of the mushroom were higher catalase activity in the gills and lower glutathione reductase activity in the stipe. CONCLUSION: The radical‐scavenging properties of the button mushroom are comparable to those of other edible mushrooms and dependent on the strain and on the section of the fruit body. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

江西省丘陵红壤地区主栽茶树品种的工夫红茶适制性研究

目的 为研究江西丘陵红壤地区主要栽培茶树品种的红茶适制性。方法 对比分析了当地主要栽培的8个茶树品种的鲜叶原料和成品红茶的发酵性能、品质成分及感官品质等指标。结果 8个品种所制的红茶的(茶黄素+茶红茶)/茶褐素的比值为1.15~1.61间,要明显高于国内主产区红茶的比值(一般认为为1.02~1.12),8个品种均能按红茶加工工序制成品质优良的红茶,赣茶14号品质最优,其次为金观音、黄观音茶树品种。结论 从发酵性能、香气成分检测以及茶叶感官审评等方面也能得到相同的结论。说明江西引种的茶树品种制红茶品质独特,适宜开发成工夫红茶。     

Changes on colour parameters caused by high‐pressure processing of apple juice made from six different varieties

The colour changes caused by high‐pressure processing at different temperatures of apple juice were investigated. Six apple varieties were used (Braeburn, Fuji, Gala, Golden Delicious, Granny Smith and Red Delicious), searching for the influence of the variety from two different approaches: a kinetic study, finding the best model for each one of them, and a multivariate study consisting of a principal component analysis of data. Although it had lower initial values, redness (a*) was more influenced by high pressure than yellowness (b*). The pattern followed by colour changes was found to be definitively dependent on the variety. High‐pressure processing affects in a stronger way the absorbances located near 400 nm (i.e. 400.5 nm in Fuji and 434.0 nm in Braeburn).