一种自动化图像隐写分析平台

针对目前图像隐写分析手动程序编码操作耗时复杂易错、特征选择单一盲目、数据结果分析手段单一等问题, 利用MATLAB开发工具, 设计了一种能自动实现图像隐写分析过程的操作平台. 它节省了研究人员收集各类算法的时间和精力, 减少了人为编码引发的操作错误和操作时间. 手动和自动特征选择与图表信息显示的结合使用, 增加了特征选择与数据结果分析的手段, 提升了隐写分析的进度.     

基于SWMM模型的城市暴雨洪水模拟与分析

为了进行城市暴雨洪水模拟分析,以湖北省恩施市中心城区为研究区域,在河流水系分布和洪水来源分析的基础上,提出洪水分析计算方案,构建一、二维耦合SWMM模型计算典型频率(10,20,50,100年一遇)河道洪水演进和漫堤淹没过程,获得较为准确的洪水淹没范围、水深、淹没历时和洪峰到达时间等信息,并结合GIS进行洪水影响评价。结果表明,清江干流主要河段基本满足20年一遇的防洪标准,清江干流和龙洞河部分河段现状防洪能力较低。SWMM模型是一种成熟的城市雨洪径流模型,适宜于城市暴雨洪水模拟与分析应用。     

The Minimal Manual

The Minimal Manual was designed to address difficulties people have with state-of-the-art self-instruction manuals in learning to use powerful computing devices. It is briefer; it helps learners to coordinate their attention between the system and the manual; it specifically trains error recognition and recovery; it better supports reference use after training. In two experiments, the Minimal Manual was shown to afford more efficient learning progress than an otherwise comparable, commercially developed self-instruction manual, and was superior in the specific areas predicted by its design.     

Parallel flow routing in SWMM 5

The hydrodynamic rainfall-runoff and urban drainage simulation model SWMM (Storm Water Management Model) is a state of the art software tool applied likewise in research and practice. In order to reduce the computational burden of long simulation runs and to use the extra power of modern multi-core computers, a parallel version of SWMM is presented herein. The challenge has been to modify the software in such minimal way that the resulting code enhancement may find its way into the commercial and non-commercial software tools that depend on SWMM for its calculation engine. A pragmatic approach to identify and enhance only the critical parts of the software in terms of run-time was chosen in order to keep the code changes as low as possible. The enhanced software was first tested for coherence against the original code and then benchmarked on four different input scenarios ranging from a very small village to a medium sized urban area. For the investigated sewer systems a speedup of six to ten times on a twelve core system was realized, thus decreasing the execution time to an acceptable level even for tedious system analysis.     

Highly Automated Driving Impact on Drivers’ Gaze Behaviors during a Car-Following Task

ABSTRACT

The ever-increasing degree of automation in vehicles, with drivers delegating part of the manual driving task to automation, sets new research questions in terms of human–machine cooperation. Manual steering requires drivers to gaze at a distant road sections to ensure that the vehicle follows the road curvature and at a near road sections to maintain the vehicle within the lane limits. In this experiment, gaze behaviors engaged under highly automated driving (HAD) and manual driving conditions were compared. The results show a critical decrease of the number of gazes at the near road sections for the HAD condition compared to the manual driving condition. Two human-based highly automated “driving styles” were also compared, but did not translate into significant gaze behaviors modifications. Finally, no after-effect of the HAD was found on subsequent manual driving.     

Modeling the atmospheric deposition and stormwater washoff of nitrogen compounds

We investigated the suitability of integrating deterministic models to estimate the relative contributions of atmospheric dry and wet deposition onto an urban surface and the subsequent amounts removed by stormwater runoff. The CIT airshed model and the United States Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) were linked in order to simulate the fate and transport of nitrogen species through the atmosphere and storm drainage system in Los Angeles, California, USA. Coupling CIT and SWMM involved defining and resolving five critical issues: (1) reconciling the different modeling domain sizes, (2) accounting for dry deposition due to plant uptake, (3) estimating the fraction of deposited contaminant available for washoff, (4) defining wet deposition inputs to SWMM, and (5) parameterizing the SWMM washoff algorithm. The CIT–SWMM interface was demonstrated by simulating dry deposition, wet deposition, and stormwater runoff events to represent the time period from November 18, 1987 to December 4, 1987 for a heavily urbanized Los Angeles watershed discharging to Santa Monica Bay. From November 18th to December 3rd the simulated average dry deposition flux of nitrogen was 0.195 kg N/ha-day to the watershed and 0.016 kg N/ha-day to Santa Monica Bay. The simulated rainfall concentrations during the December 4th rainfall event ranged from 3.76 to 8.23 mg/l for nitrate and from 0.067 to 0.220 mg/l for ammonium. The simulated stormwater runoff event mean concentrations from the watershed were 4.86 mg/l and 0.12 mg/l for nitrate and ammonium, respectively. Considering the meteorology during the simulation period, the CIT and SWMM predictions compare well with observations in the Los Angeles area and in other urban areas in the United States.     

心血管病人出入量记录误差控制技术研究

由于传统程序人工操作过多,导致出入量记录误差较大,无法满足临床工作需求,提出了心血管病人出入量记录误差控制技术。充分考虑语言使用环境,选择C++作为程序编译语言构造新词素,实现程序的动态编译。根据动态编译结果,集合全部数据,分析出入量记录结构,确定各个结构之间的逻辑关系,改善人工操作方式。以该结构逻辑关系为基础设计误差控制界面,为出入量记录数据与处理提供快捷误差控制界面和必要图表。由实验结果可知,该设计方法成功避免了人工记录出现误差的行为,使程序最高运行效率达到92%,能够满足临床工作需求。     

Development of an internet based system for modeling biotin metabolism using Bayesian networks

Biotin is an essential water-soluble vitamin crucial for maintaining normal body functions. The importance of biotin for human health has been under-appreciated but there is plenty of opportunity for future research with great importance for human health. Currently, carrying out predictions of biotin metabolism involves tedious manual manipulations. In this paper, we report the development of BiotinNet, an internet based program that uses Bayesian networks to integrate published data on various aspects of biotin metabolism. Users can provide a combination of values on the levels of biotin related metabolites to obtain the predictions on other metabolites that are not specified. As an inherent feature of Bayesian networks, the uncertainty of the prediction is also quantified and reported to the user. This program enables convenient in silico experiments regarding biotin metabolism, which can help researchers design future experiments while new data can be continuously incorporated.     

一种基于特征提取的访问控制方法

当前,细粒度的授权控制是访问控制中的研究热点,它能够在单一固定的环境下合理地调整访问策略以满足工作流安全。然而,一旦其迁移到新场景,遭遇访问策略未设定的授权,它就可能难以给出正确判断,只能依靠人工审查来确认是否授权,但人工审查授权耗时耗力,在大数据环境下成本过高。因此,引入一种基于过去经验学习的自动化判别机制势在必行。文中尝试给出一种针对基于角色的多级访问控制模型的自动化审查方法,通过采样已有的正确和错误授权的时间、空间等特征来刻画出该访问控制的一般化特征表达,从而使得已有的访问控制模型在迁移环境下面对新情况依然能够给出正确判断,降低人工审查的工作量。实验表明,该分析机制对用户的访问请求有较高的正确评判率。     

Interactive Modeling of City Layouts using Layers of Procedural Content

In this paper, we present new solutions for the interactive modeling of city layouts that combine the power of procedural modeling with the flexibility of manual modeling. Procedural modeling enables us to quickly generate large city layouts, while manual modeling allows us to hand‐craft every aspect of a city. We introduce transformation and merging operators for both topology preserving and topology changing transformations based on graph cuts. In combination with a layering system, this allows intuitive manipulation of urban layouts using operations such as drag and drop, translation, rotation etc. In contrast to previous work, these operations always generate valid, i.e., intersection‐free layouts. Furthermore, we introduce anchored assignments to make sure that modifications are persistent even if the whole urban layout is regenerated.     

高速公路计算机收费系统的设计

在我国现行的电子不停车收费系统(ETC)和人工半自动收费系统(MTC)基础上,通过对高速公路收费系统ETC体系结构、车道收费软件算法、组合式车道数据融合等问题进行了分析。提出了ETC车道硬件、线圈和天线的布设方案、收费软件的交易算法、交互关键性指令等内容的设计方法。     

Interactive computer methods for design optimization

Two interactive methods for design optimization are discussed in this paper. The first method is implemented by the computer program GDOPT and is an essentially manual search procedure based on graphical searches of the design space within user-defined planes. In contrast, the computer program ADOPT consists of the more effective nonlinear programming techniques available and the search is mostly under computer control. The user observes progress on a graphical display and is able to modify the search procedure as desired. These two interactive methods make an extensive use of computer graphics to display search results in the form of graphs, contour plots, sensitivity curves, and search trajectories. The designer interacts with the programs through these displays and is an active participant in the decision making process. It is believed that this integrated approach to design optimization can result in an enhanced understanding of the design problem and an effective convergence to the optimum design. An example is presented which illustrates the effectiveness of this interactive technique.     

基于ArcGIS Engine的煤矿巷道地质素描制图系统的设计与实现

目前煤矿地测部门在编制巷道地质素描时均采用手工制图的方式.这样存在着绘图速度慢,绘图精度不够,不便于修改和管理等缺点.因此采用人工检索、分析和处理地质测量信息资料已经难以满足煤矿现代化生产与技术管理的需要.本文采用ArcGIS Engine作为平台,实现了煤矿巷道地质素描的计算机自动成图,丰富了信息技术在煤矿地测应用领域的内容.本文阐述了系统的体系结构和系统的基本功能.     

终止证明方法在形式化建模中的应用

随着形式化方法的普及和应用,定理证明器HOL4在形式化建模过程中无法自动完成终止证明的情况越来越多,而手动终止证明又缺少通用的证明思路.针对这种情况,提出规范化的手动终止证明方法.该方法从问题产生的本质入手,首先保证目标具备解决终止问题的必要条件,然后通过等效替换简化证明目标,最后以原有定理库为基础,寻找证明过程中缺失...     

Modeling stormwater management at the city district level in response to changes in land use and low impact development

Mitigating the impact of increasing impervious surfaces on stormwater runoff by low impact development (LID) is currently being widely promoted at site and local scales. In turn, the series of distributed LID implementations may produce cumulative effects and benefit stormwater management at larger, regional scales. However, the potential of multiple LID implementations to mitigate the broad-scale impacts of urban stormwater is not yet fully understood, particularly among different design strategies to reduce directly connected impervious areas (DCIA). In this study, the hydrological responses of stormwater runoff characteristics to four different land use conversion scenarios at the city scale were explored using GIS-based Stormwater Management Model (SWMM). Model simulation results confirmed the effectiveness of LID controls; however, they also indicated that even with the most beneficial scenarios hydrological performance of developed areas was still not yet up to the pre-development level, especially where there were pronounced changes from pervious to impervious land.     

Development,implementation, and analysis of direct integration offline programming method

Wire bond programming (WBP) consists of information required to drive a wire bond machine’s movement during the wire bonding process. Wire bond programs consist of three key components: material handling, bonding parameter, and bonding path instructions. Of the three components, the bonding path component requires effort and time the most to prepare, as the preparation of bond path is currently being carried out manually. The manual process is tedious and error prone. In comparison to a manual process, offline programming (OLP) of bonding path creation provides a much more reliable and a less tedious method as it is error proof. OLP can be categorized into two versions, mainly vendor specific OLP and direct integration offline programming (Di-OLP), which is presented in this paper. Vendor specific OLP utilizes bonding diagrams created by a computer-aided design program to generate wire bonding paths. Di-OLP on the other hand utilizes the numeric coordinate data extracted from the bonding diagram creation software to generate the bonding path component of the wire bond program. Di-OLP is a more flexible method as it has the potential to be adapted to different machine platforms. This paper explains the challenges in the implementation of Di-OLP. The effectiveness and efficiency of the program created by Di-OLP are evaluated as compared to a manual programming method. Final results indicate that the offline programming is more efficient as it greatly reduces the time required to create the bonding paths for wire bond programs as compared to the manual methodology.     

Computerized optimization of bridge structures

A unified bridge design optimization theory has been developed by a research team composed of personnel from the College of Engineering, Louisiana State University working in close collaboration with engineers from the Louisiana Department of Highways. The theory, useful in the design of multispan, simply supported highway bridges considers simultaneously the structure and the geometry of the bridge. Soil and terrain conditions, construction costs, shape, and other parameters can be investigated simultaneously with dynamic programming, an optimization technique applicable to serial systems of the type to which these structures belong.A computer program developed and now completely operational provides the bridge design engineer with an efficient, flexible tool for evaluating a multitude of preliminary designs. The average Central Processing Unit time required for a typical bridge is in the order of l min per spanonanIBM360/65configuration.The program generates the lowest cost bridge and all other bridge structures that fall within any specified percentage of the minimum cost (1 or 2 per cent, for example). The range is specified by the user. In addition the program has cycling capabilities for selecting the most economical configuration (number, lengths and types of spans).Costs, soil conditions, geometry, material properties, and types of decks, girders and bents are specified by the designer such that the program can be used as a simulation tool for selecting the most economical structure quickly and efficiently. Constraints can be imposed upon the bridge geometry by specifying locations of bents or span center lines or both, to account for special conditions such as bridge crossings, existing roadways, and other physical obstructions.The optimization program is modular and operates heuristically, that is, it permits full man-machine interaction not only through the input of data but also through structural design module interehangeability allowing the user to incorporate his own procedures as subroutines.The complete program is fully documented with a users manual and a programmers manual.     

Evaluation of two wheelchair hand rim models: contact pressure distribution in straight line and curve trajectories

Abstract

Manual wheelchairs are essential for people with disabilities or limited mobility. However, manual propulsion causes biomechanical loads, including contact pressures on the palms of the hands. The hand rim design has received little attention over time, remaining almost unchanged since its creation. This study investigated how two different designs of such devices – one standard and another with a contoured design – influence the contact pressure on the surface of the hands. The procedures included a figure-of-eight shape propulsion task on a regular floor, using both models on a wheelchair. A pressure-mapping system coupled with a pair of fabric gloves recorded the data. The results show that the contoured hand rim provides lower pressure in most of the analysed regions. Considering that manual propulsion is performed during a considerable part of the day as a routine activity, improving the hand rim interface may benefit the user’s comfort and safety during wheelchair use.

Practitioner summary: The design of the hand rim used in wheelchair propulsion influences the contact pressure on the hands. Conventional round tube rims tend to concentrate high levels of pressure on the distal phalanges and metacarpal regions. A contoured design generally provides better stability and promotes the distribution of pressure.

Abbreviations: AT: assistive technology; kPa: kilopascal     

数字递推法推导等价组态j-j耦合谱项

ｊ－ｊ耦合谱项的推导对于研究重核原子的结构和光谱十分重要,但用人工方法推导谱项十分繁琐。工作量也很大。其难点在于推导组合组态「（ｊ）＾ｎ」Ｊ的Ｊ值,文章中采用一种新的数字递推法解决了这一难题。