桥梁工程用混杂纤维混凝土力学性能研究

为了改善桥梁工程施工用混凝土的力学性能,并降低混凝土的综合使用成本,提出了以聚乙烯醇纤维和钢纤维作为混杂纤维掺入混凝土的思路,并考察了单一纤维和混杂纤维对混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度和抗拉强度的影响。试验结果表明,单一聚乙烯醇纤维或者钢纤维的掺入均能有效提高混凝土试件的力学性能,并且随着纤维掺量的不断增大,抗压强度和抗折强度均先升高后降低,存在一个最佳的纤维掺量使抗压强度和抗折强度达到最大,而抗拉强度则逐渐升高。当钢纤维的质量分数为1.0%时,改变聚乙烯醇纤维的掺量,混凝土试件的力学性能会发生变化,当聚乙烯醇纤维的质量分数同样达到1.0%时,混杂纤维对混凝土抗压强度、抗折强度和抗拉强度的提升效果较好。研究结果表明,混杂纤维的掺入能够有效改善桥梁工程用混凝土的力学性能,建议在施工过程中不断优化混杂纤维的掺量。     

混杂纤维增强超高性能混凝土的高温性能试验研究

本文对混杂钢纤维(SF)-聚丙烯纤维(PPF)-硫酸钙晶须(CSW)增强超高性能混凝土(UHPC)进行高温试验(200～800℃),研究了混杂纤维增强UHPC高温前后的物理力学性能,并借助光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜进行微观形貌观测,探讨了基体裂缝发展过程中多尺度纤维的作用机理。结果表明：随着温度升高,UHPC的质量损失率呈增大趋势,而超声波速则呈下降趋势,同时混杂SF-PPF-CSW对基体超声波速的降低有一定减缓作用;当温度小于400℃时,混杂SF-PPF-CSW增强UHPC的弯曲强度变化微弱(<5%),超过400℃后则迅速下降,在800℃下仅为初始强度的19.2%～24.7%;残余抗压强度随温度升高呈先上升后下降趋势,在400℃时达到峰值,较常温时提升了48.9%～62.0%;各温度下,掺加SF-PPF-CSW的UHPC物理力学性能均得到了有效提升,其中混杂1.7%(体积分数)SF、0.3%(体积分数)PPF、1.0%(体积分数)CSW对UHPC力学性能提升效果最佳。     

超细钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土力学性能研究

为研究超细钢-聚丙烯纤维对混凝土力学性能的影响,进行了9组超细钢-聚丙烯混杂纤维混凝土试件的立方体抗压强度和劈裂强度试验,分析了超细钢纤维、聚丙烯纤维体积掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响。结果表明:混杂纤维的掺入使混凝土的立方体抗压强度、劈裂强度及拉压比均有提高,混杂纤维混凝土破坏产生明显延性特征;超细钢纤维体积掺量对混凝土力学性能的影响最大,混凝土强度及拉压比随超细钢纤维掺量增加而增大;聚丙烯纤维体积掺量增加对混凝土力学性能的影响并非线性提高,混掺0.1%聚丙烯纤维和1.5%超细钢纤维的混凝土获得最佳力学性能,抗压强度提高19.42%,劈裂抗拉强度提高56.78%,拉压比提高30.16%。     

混杂方式对钢纤维混凝土性能影响的试验研究

为了提高混凝土构件的力学性能,采用混杂方式对其进行钢质纤维添加,对混杂钢纤维掺入混凝土试件进行试验研究.得到混杂钢纤混凝土试件的力学性能(抗压、劈拉及弯折强度),实验结果表明基于混杂掺入钢纤维的混凝土试件的力学性能得到大幅改善,为最优化配制钢纤维混凝土提供了理论参考.     

混杂纤维混凝土力学性能研究

纤维以其塑性变形小、强度高、韧性大等优点在混凝土中得到越来越广泛的应用,但由于不同纤维的尺度与性能不同,导致其对混凝土的力学性能影响结果不同,因此本文分别对单掺、双掺仿钢纤维和聚丙烯纤维混凝土、钢纤维混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度和抗折强度进行了试验研究,并将其与普通混凝土的力学性能进行比较。结果表明,纤维混凝土较普通混凝土的抗压强度、劈裂抗拉强度、抗折强度都有明显提高,且混杂纤维较单一纤维混凝土的强度提高更为明显,混杂纤维混凝土的强度与钢纤维混凝土强度相差不大,并以成本低、分散性好、不易锈蚀等优点可以取代钢纤维在某些工程中的应用。     

混杂纤维粉煤灰混凝土基本力学性能与耐久性研究

建筑工程中,水泥混凝土等建材的使用和消耗十分巨大,然而水泥混凝土的使用会带来大量的温室气体和粉尘污染。粉煤灰作为传统火力发电和金属冶炼工业的主要废渣,污染环境影响生态。将粉煤灰和水泥混合不仅减少粉煤灰的排放和水泥的消耗,还可以通过混杂纤维的方式增加水泥的强度和韧性。该文对混杂纤维粉煤灰混凝土的发展和背景做了简单介绍,并总结了近年来不同混杂纤维粉煤灰混凝土的性能。     

纤维增强泡沫混凝土的性能试验研究

在泡沫混凝土中添加了不同含量的聚乙烯醇纤维,研究了聚乙烯醇纤维含量对泡沫混凝土力学性能、干缩性能和抗冻性能的影响。结果表明：聚乙烯醇纤维增强混凝土的28d抗压强度和28d抗折强度以及干密度、吸水率和导热系数随着聚乙烯醇纤维含量增加的变化趋势相同;硅灰和水泥含量相对更高的C3试件具有更小的吸水率和更大的导热系数;在相同龄期下(1～28 d),聚乙烯醇纤维增强混凝土的干燥收缩值从大至小顺序为A3试件>B3试件>C3试件,即C3试件具有最小的干缩收缩值;相同聚乙烯醇纤维含量的C组试件的质量损失率和强度损失率最小,具有相对更好的抗冻性能,但是聚乙烯醇纤维含量不宜超过1.2%。     

混杂纤维对脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料性能影响

掺加聚乙烯醇（PVA）纤维、玄武岩纤维（BF）及混杂纤维（PVA纤维与BF）对脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料性能进行改性,研究纤维复合材料的力学性能、耐水性能及耐干湿性能;应用电镜扫描技术对复合材料的微观形貌进行观察,探讨纤维对脱硫石膏基复合胶凝材料的影响机制。结果表明：PVA纤维掺量为1.5%时复合材料力学性能较好,试样的绝干抗折强度和绝干抗压强度较空白组分别提升了92.55%和32.62%;混杂纤维掺量为0.9%时耐水性能较好,试样的抗折软化系数较空白组提升了46.60%、吸水率低至13.87%;混杂纤维掺量为0.6%时耐干湿性能较优,干湿强度系数较空白组提升了50.74%。     

混杂钢纤维超高性能混凝土梁裂缝分形理论研究

混凝土梁在受弯过程中表面裂缝分布及演化的宏观特征可以反映其受弯性能,本文基于不同废旧轮胎钢纤维(WTSF)取代率的玄武岩纤维增强复合材料(BFRP)筋混杂钢纤维超高性能混凝土梁受弯试验结果,利用分形理论分析试验梁表面裂缝开展情况。结果表明,BFRP筋混杂钢纤维超高性能混凝土梁表面裂缝分布具有分形特征,满足自相似性,分形维数的变化区间为[0.892,1.064]。探讨了梁表面裂缝分形维数与施加荷载值、WTSF取代率、跨中挠度和最大裂缝宽度之间的关系,并分别拟合了WTSF取代率与完全破坏状态下全梁区和纯弯段分形维数的函数关系。分形维数与施加荷载值、跨中挠度和最大裂缝宽度均呈对数函数关系,完全破坏状态下,WTSF取代率变大会增大梁表面裂缝的分形维数,但总体来说不利影响并不明显,研究结果可为超高性能混凝土的工程实际应用提供参考。     

超高性能混凝土制备及性能研究

为了探索超高性能混凝土的配合比及制备工艺,本次试验通过最紧密堆积理论确定各个粒级骨料的相对比例,在初始配合比的基础上,分别研究水胶比、砂胶比、钢纤维掺量及养护方式对混凝土性能的影响。结果表明：本次试验UHPC的最佳水胶比为0.19,砂胶比为1.56,钢纤维最佳掺量为2%,养护方式宜采用先标准养护后高温养护。     

纤维对泡沫混凝土性能影响的研究

利用42.5R级普通硅酸盐水泥、聚乙烯醇纤维以及蛋白质发泡剂制备泡沫混凝土,并对聚乙烯醇纤维泡沫混凝土的性能进行研究。结果表明：聚乙烯醇纤维在泡沫混凝土中呈现出三维、单根状乱向分布的状态,与浆体的相容性良好,能够影响孔径、孔隙率等性能,改善孔结构,对强度起到一定的提高作用。     

Experimental and analytical study of hybrid fiber reinforced concrete prepared with basalt fiber under high temperature

The usage of mineral basalt fibers is a relatively novel and popular topic nowadays due to its abundant availability, low cost, and higher temperature resistance. In addition, the establishment of analytical models is beneficial because the experimental work is more time-consuming and expensive. Therefore, in this study, the inorganic mineral basalt fibers with different length and content in hybrid fiber concrete composite are investigated to assess its suitability at room temperature and under high temperature. In addition, a new analytical model for stress-stain curve of hybrid fiber concrete composite is developed and compared with the models in previous studies. The microstructure examination is also conducted after exposure to high temperature to explore the fiber morphology and interaction with matrix. The substantial improvement was indicated by addition of basalt fiber in hybrid fiber concrete for stress-strain response, peak stress, elastic modulus, peak strain, ultimate stain, toughness, and specific toughness at room temperature and at 850°C. It was revealed that the basalt fiber had demonstrated overall good appropriateness in the hybrid fiber concrete composite for all the compressive properties. Moreover, the proposed analytical model could be useful for prediction of analytical behavior from experimental data under high temperature for the research and design purposes.     

隧洞洞渣制超高性能混凝土的耐久性能研究

研究隧洞洞渣料单料掺入和综合利用于超高性能混凝土（UHPC）中时,对UHPC的耐久性能影响,检测隧洞洞渣骨料的碱活性,结果表明,隧洞洞渣骨料为非活性材料,不会产生膨胀应力,导致膨胀裂缝的产生;隧洞洞渣掺入UHPC中时,UHPC内部未发生碳化反应,具有良好的抗碳化性能;UHPC表面未产生裂缝,具有良好的抗早期开裂性能。     

Influence of amorphous silica on the hydration in ultra-high performance concrete

Amorphous silica particles (silica) are used in ultra-high performance concretes to densify the microstructure and accelerate the clinker hydration. It is still unclear whether silica predominantly increases the surface for the nucleation of C–S–H phases or dissolves and reacts pozzolanically. Furthermore, varying types of silica may have different and time dependent effects on the clinker hydration. The effects of different silica types were compared in this study by calorimetric analysis, scanning and transmission electron microscopy, in situ X-ray diffraction and compressive strength measurements. The silica component was silica fume, pyrogenic silica or silica synthesized by a wet-chemical route (Stoeber particles). Water-to-cement ratios were 0.23. Differences are observed between the silica for short reaction times (up to 3 days). Results indicate that silica fume and pyrogenic silica accelerate alite hydration by increasing the surface for nucleation of C–S–H phases whereas Stoeber particles show no accelerating effect.     

Impact behavior of carbon fiber/ultra-high modulus polyethylene fiber hybrid composites

Carbon fiber (CF)/ultra-high modulus polyethylene (UHMPE) fiber hybrid composites were fabricated using vinyl ester resin as a matrix. Interfacial adhesion of carbon fiber/vinyl ester composites and UHMPE fiber/vinyl ester composites as model composites was optimized using low temperature plasma treatment. Interlaminar shear strengths of carbon fiber/vinyl ester and UHMPE fiber/vinyl ester homocomposite were greatly increased by plasma and silane coupling agent treatment. From the result of the impact test, total absorbed energy of carbon fiber/UHMPE fiber hybrid composites was correlated with laminating sequences at optimized interfacial adhesion between the reinforcing fiber and matrix resin. UHMPE fiber layers of hybrid composites played an important role in absorbing energy. Elastic and plastic deformation of UHMPE fiber layers also played a key role in improving the impact properties of carbon fiber/UHMPE fiber hybrid composites.     

Effect of temperature on mechanical properties of ultra-high performance concrete

High temperature mechanical property data are needed for evaluating fire resistance of structural members. Being a relatively new construction material, there is a lack of temperature-dependent mechanical property data on ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC). To address this knowledge gap, this paper presents results from an experimental study on the effect of temperature on mechanical properties of UHPC. Specimens made of two UHPC mixes: one with only steel fibers (UHPC-S) and the other with hybrid fibers, that is, both steel and polypropylene (UHPC-H), were tested under different heating conditions in 20 to 750°C temperature range. Compressive strength, tensile strength, stress-strain response, and elastic modulus of UHPC were evaluated at various temperatures. Results generated from these property tests on UHPC were compared with property relations specified in design codes for conventional normal strength concrete (NSC) and high strength concrete (HSC). The comparisons show that UHPC experiences faster degradation in compressive strength and elastic modulus as compared to conventional concrete. However, UHPC exhibits slower degradation in tensile strength and ductility at elevated temperatures due to the presence of steel fibers. Data generated from these property tests were utilized to propose relations for expressing the mechanical properties of UHPC as a function of temperature and these relations can be used as input to numerical models for evaluating fire resistance of structures made of UHPC.     

纳米纤维路面混凝土配合比及耐久性实验研究

为研究纳米纤维对路面混凝土的抗冻性和力学性能的影响,分别选取纳米二氧化硅、纳米氧化铝、聚丙烯纤维掺杂的混凝土进行抗压强度和抗冻性研究。通过实验得出：纳米二氧化硅的掺杂对混凝土抗压强度的提高效果最为明显,纳米颗粒的掺杂比聚丙烯纤维的掺杂对提高混凝土抗冻性的作用更显著,掺杂5%纳米二氧化硅和0.2%聚丙烯纤维的混凝土在冻融循环后长度损失和质量损失最少。     

不同几何尺寸纤维对水泥浆体性能的影响

选用碳纤维、微细钢纤维和普通钢纤维三种不同几何尺寸纤维,通过抗压抗折实验以及抗弯荷载曲线等方法,研究了它们对水泥基最基本层次水泥浆体的作用效果.研究结果表明,在相同体积掺量时,水泥净浆抗折与抗压以及抗弯强度均按普通钢纤维、微细钢纤维、碳纤维的次序递增,增韧作用则按此次序递减;不同掺量的同种纤维,其抗折强度与抗压强度则随纤维掺量的递增而提高;采用声发射试验,能较好地反映不同几何尺寸的纤维对净浆的增强与增韧作用.     

Internal curing by superabsorbent polymers in ultra-high performance concrete

To limit self-desiccation and autogenous shrinkage that may lead to early-age cracking of ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC), internal curing by means of superabsorbent polymers (SAP) may be employed. Cement pastes and UHPC with water-to-cement ratio below 0.25, with or without SAP, were studied. The absorption capacity of a solution-polymerized SAP was first determined on hardened cement pastes by SEM image analysis. It was observed that the SAP cavities become partially filled with portlandite during cement hydration. Isothermal calorimetry showed that water entrainment with SAP delays the main hydration peak, while after a couple of days it increases the degree of hydration in a manner similar to increasing the water-to-cement ratio. Internal curing by SAP is effective in reducing the internal relative humidity decrease and the autogenous shrinkage. Although the mechanical properties are affected by SAP addition, it is possible to reach compressive strengths of almost 150 MPa at 28 days.