基于CORBA技术的机器人模块化设计的研究进展

随着机器人应用领域的日益普及其功能的不断完善,机器人自身结构和控制也变得越来越复杂.传统的设计和开发方法已经逐渐显示出了制约机器人的应用和发展,为此,研究者们寻求机器人模块化和组件化设计新方法,本文将从介绍以CORBA为代表的中间件在机器人领域的研究状况为切入点,综述了基于CORBA中间件的机器人模块化设计技术,并指出了通过该技术将各种软硬件的异构因素封装在统一的功能组件中,解决模块化设计的瓶颈问题.最后展望和分析了模块化、分布式的机器人组件的发展趋势.     

一种欠驱动水下机器人手爪的作业能力研究

在分析当前机器人手爪研究现状的基础上,根据水下作业任务特点,确定了作业型水下机器人多传感器手爪的设计需求,研究了水下手爪原理样机的作业能力,结合典型物体的抓取给出了关键参数关系.该样机可满足在指定环境下进行目标识别、抓取、简单装配、搬运等典型操作任务的要求,为操作型水下机器人多传感器手爪感知系统的研究提供了硬件平台.     

Design and Implementation of a Ubiquitous Robotic Space

This paper describes a concerted effort to design and implement a robotic service framework. The proposed framework is comprised of three conceptual spaces: physical, semantic, and virtual spaces, collectively referred to as a ubiquitous robotic space. We implemented a prototype robotic security application in an office environment, which confirmed that the proposed framework is an efficient tool for developing a robotic service employing IT infrastructure, particularly for integrating heterogeneous technologies and robotic platforms.     

Design and control of a three-fingered tendon-driven robotic hand with active and passive tendons

This paper presents a design of a three-fingered robotic hand driven by active and passive tendons and proposes control methods for this hand. The tendon-driven robotic hand consists of the thumb, the index and the middle fingers. The robotic thumb can move all the joints independently. In contrast, the index and the middle robotic fingers are under-actuated using the combination of active and passive tendons, and move the terminal two joints synchronously, which is one of the important features of the human digits. We present passivity-based impedance and force controllers for tendon-driven robotic fingers and discuss how to combine them for fast and secure grasps. We experimentally validate that the robotic hand moves fast and manipulates an object and demonstrate that the robotic hand grasps objects in diverse ways.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">HumanPT</Emphasis>: An Open-source,HumanPT Architecture-based,Robotic Application for Low Cost Robotic Tasks

In this paper, first HumanPT architecture for low cost robotic applications is presented. HumanPT architecture differs than other architectures because it is implemented on existing robotic systems (robot  robotic controller) and exploits the minimum communication facilities for real-time control that these systems provide. It is based on well-known communication methods like serial communication (USB, RS232, IEEE-1394) and windows sockets (server–client model) and permits an important number of different type of components like actuators, sensors and particularly vision systems to be connected in a robotic system. The operating system (OS) used is Microsoft Windows, the most widely spread OS. The proposed architecture exploits features of this OS that is not a real-time one, to ensure – in case that the robotic system provide such a facility – control and real time communication with the robotic system controller and to integrate by means of sensors and actuators an important number of robotic tasks and procedures. As implementation of this architecture, HumanPT robotic application and experimental results concerning its performance and its implementation in real tasks are provided. HumanPT robotic application, developed in Visual C++, is an integrated, but simultaneously an open-source software that can be adapted in different types of robotic systems. An important number of robotic tasks or procedures including sensors and particularly vision systems can be generated and executed. Small enterprises by means of the proposed architecture and the open source software can be automated at low cost enhancing in this way their production.     

Pepper to fall: a perception method for sweet pepper robotic harvesting

Intelligent Service Robotics - In this paper we propose a robotic system for picking peppers in a structured robotic greenhouse environment. A commercially available robotic manipulator is equipped...     

A review on model reference adaptive control of robotic manipulators

The accuracy of the motion control for robotic mechanisms will have an effect on their overall performance. Under the condition where the robotic end-effector carries different loads, the motions for each joint of robotic mechanisms change depending on different payload masses. Conventional control systems possess the potential issue that they cannot compensate the load variation effect. Adaptive control, especially the model reference adaptive control (MRAC), has therefore been put forward to handle the above issue. Adaptive control is generally divided into three categories, model reference, self-tuning and gain-scheduled. In this study, the authors only focus on the model-reference approach. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, very few recent research articles can be found in the area of MRAC especially for robotic mechanisms since robotic system is a highly nonlinear system, and it is difficult to guarantee the stability of MRAC in such system. This study presents a review and discussion on the MRAC of robotic mechanisms and some issues of MRAC for robotic mechanisms are also demonstrated. This study can provide a guideline for upcoming research in the field of MRAC for robotic mechanisms.     

Survey of robotic manipulation studies intending practical applications in real environments -object recognition,soft robot hand,and challenge program and benchmarking-

Aiming at accelerating the creation of new techniques on dexterous robotic manipulations, this paper surveyed the recent results on object recognition, soft robotic hands, and benchmarks and challenge/competition programs. The former two topics construct the elemental components of the new technologies on robotic manipulations, while the last one is a key for proceeding the creation and realization of the actual robotic manipulations with the new techniques. With these surveys, we will reveal the solved and unsolved issues for the next step to realize robotic dexterous manipulation systems comparable to human being.     

基于Leap Motion和S曲线的飞行机器人机械臂控制研究

针对带有多自由度机械臂的飞行机器人,提出基于Leap Motion的控制方法以实现机械臂跟随人体手掌位置姿态运动的功能。采用DH方法建立了机械臂数学模型,给出了将Leap Motion获取的人手运动映射到机械臂末端的推导过程。利用7段S型曲线调速方法近似实现舵机角加速度连续没有突变,减轻了舵机快速响应给飞行器带来的冲击问题。设计制作了实物样机对控制方法的可实现性进行验证测试,在飞行测试中,成功地利用Leap Motion控制远端的机械臂抓取到地面目标。     

机器人控制器体系结构研究的现状和发展

本文首先给出了机器人控制器的定义和分类,介绍了机器人控制器体系结构方面的 研究情况,提出了有关机器人体系结构研究发展的几个方向．     

用于避障研究的微型仿生机器鱼3维仿真系统

基于VC++6.0开发环境和OpenGL（open graphics library）国际图形标准,在Windows系统下开发了微型仿生机器鱼3维仿真系统。该系统可以降低用实体机器鱼进行机器鱼避障能力研究的成本和减少在研究过程中对实体机器鱼造成的损害。采用多边形建模的方法构建了虚拟微型仿生机器鱼模型,模拟了鱼类尾鳍的摆动。提出了一种模拟红外传感器探测障碍物的虚拟射线方法。并采用实时模糊决策算法设计了基于多传感器信息的复合模糊控制器,决策微型仿生机器鱼的避障行为。仿真实验表明,复合模糊控制器实时性好、效率高;无论是单个任意形状的障碍物还是多个连续障碍物,复合模糊控制器都能有效地引导仿生机器鱼避开障碍物,到达目标点。微型仿生机器鱼3维仿真系统为研究仿生机器鱼的自主避障能力提供了可靠、逼真、便利的平台。     

A New Noise-Tolerant Dual-Neural-Network Scheme for Robust Kinematic Control of Robotic Arms With Unknown Models

Taking advantage of their inherent dexterity, robotic arms are competent in completing many tasks efficiently. As a result of the modeling complexity and kinematic uncertainty of robotic arms, model-free control paradigm has been proposed and investigated extensively. However, robust model-free control of robotic arms in the presence of noise interference remains a problem worth studying. In this paper, we first propose a new kind of zeroing neural network (ZNN), i.e., integration-enhanced noise-tolerant ZNN (IENT-ZNN) with integration-enhanced noise-tolerant capability. Then, a unified dual IENT-ZNN scheme based on the proposed IENT-ZNN is presented for the kinematic control problem of both rigid-link and continuum robotic arms, which improves the performance of robotic arms with the disturbance of noise, without knowing the structural parameters of the robotic arms. The finite-time convergence and robustness of the proposed control scheme are proven by theoretical analysis. Finally, simulation studies and experimental demonstrations verify that the proposed control scheme is feasible in the kinematic control of different robotic arms and can achieve better results in terms of accuracy and robustness.      

集群机器人系统特性评价研究综述

集群机器人系统是群体智能的一个重要应用研究领域, 也是机器人系统未来发展的重要方向之一. 集群机器人系统特性评价是一个极具挑战性的关键技术与理论问题, 对于集群机器人系统的研究与发展具有重要意义. 首先, 给出了对集群机器人系统基本概念的理解, 并且从多种不同角度作出了分类. 其次, 梳理了多个关键的集群机器人系统期望特性; 在此基础上, 分别从评价标准、评价指标体系和评价方法三方面对已有集群机器人系统特性评价研究成果进行了比较全面的评述. 最后, 分析总结了当前集群机器人系统特性评价研究工作的不足, 并对未来发展方向进行了展望.     

基于二分图最大匹配的多机器鱼可控包含控制

考虑水下机器鱼的运动学约束及包含控制中的领导者选择问题,将可控性理论与包含控制相结合,针对有向多机器鱼系统,提出一种基于二分图最大匹配的多机器鱼可控包含控制算法.首先,针对有向多机器鱼网络拓扑结构,利用二分图最大匹配算法求得满足系统可控的驱动节点,即为领导者,其余节点为跟随者;其次,针对2D仿真机器鱼模型设计相应的包含控制协议,从而实现多机器鱼的可控包含控制,且最终跟随者鱼体前端刚体长边方向与领导者保持一致,并应用Lyapunov稳定性理论证明系统的稳定性;最后,基于URWPGSim2D多机器鱼仿真平台进行两组仿真实验,一组随机选取领导者,另一组采用二分图最大匹配算法确定领导者,对比仿真结果表明,所提算法能够有效地实现多机器鱼的可控包含控制.     

全局视觉水中机器人竞赛中击球部位的研究

击球部位的选择在水中机器人比赛中起着重要作用。本文简要介绍了机器鱼水球比赛以及机器鱼的结构,并运用高等数学上的分类讨论方法对机器鱼在不同区域、不同状态、不同位置区时的较优击球部位进行了研究分析,为比赛人员编写比赛策略提供了一些借鉴和帮助。     

Operational learning with sensory feedback for controlling a robotic thumb using the posterior auricular muscle

Extra robotic limbs in a robotic system that are designed to augment and expand human abilities have received attention in the field of wearable robotics. We aim to develop a robotic system that is controlled by body parts that are not used on a daily basis in order to augment and expand human abilities. This paper presents operational learning experiments for manipulating a robotic thumb using the posterior auricular muscle, a body part that is not used in everyday life. In these experiments, reaching motions were executed using sensory feedback in the robotic thumb through a device that continuously displays its position. The experimental results indicate the proposed operational learning experiments improve the ability to contract the posterior auricular muscles. In addition, the results indicate the operability of a robotic thumb could be improved by acquiring internal models through repetitive operational learning.     

基于细菌觅食算法的嵌入式机械臂角度控制器设计

进行机械臂角度控制器设计过程中,为提高机器人机械臂灵活性,降低关节角度控制误差,设计一种细菌觅食算法的嵌入式机械臂角度控制器。首先,构建机械臂动力学模型以获取机械臂的柔性特征及其关节位置,根据获取的信息确定角度控制器的硬件逻辑结构和算法。然后,使用ARM微处理器嵌入式操作系统,设计包含移动控制终端和机械臂控制端的控制器硬件结构。最后,采用细菌觅食算法优化控制器参数,并实现代码完成机器人机械臂角度的精准跟踪控制。仿真分析结果表明:所提方法具有较高的位姿跟踪精度、角度控制误差小、稳定性强,能够保证机械臂关节角度无超调,具有极高的机器工程应用价值。     

机器人视觉伺服研究进展

介绍了机器人视觉伺服系统的结构和主要研究内容,比较了当前几种主要的视觉伺服方法,针对当前 机器人视觉伺服所面临的主要问题,详细阐述了近期提出的一些解决方法.     

机器人群体协作与控制的研究

本文针对多机器人系统,从群体的角度探讨多机器人协作、运行及控制机理. 包括 机器人群体协作与机器人社会的概念、应用背景,以及机器人群体协作与机器人社会系统的 研究目的、研究内容等,以建立机器人群体协作及控制研究的框架．     

自动化制造单元调度算法综述*

作为未来先进制造系统的重要发展方向,自动化制造单元（robotic cells）在半导体和印刷电路板制造、化学电镀、钢铁冶炼和机械制造等行业获得了日趋广泛的应用。为全面总结自动化制造单元调度算法的研究现状,对自动化制造单元进行分类,在此基础上综述了国内外自动化制造单元调度方法取得的进展及存在的问题,并指明了其进一步的研究方向。