Barriers to clean development mechanism renewable energy projects in Mexico

Mexico is not reaching its full potential to capture benefits from clean development mechanism (CDM) projects because of its limited market for independent power producers (IPPs) and the barriers imposed on these entities by the state-run electric utility that controls most of the country's generation and transmission. This state-run entity has pursued CDM revenues only in isolated cases where international financial assistance was given because it is bound by law to pursue the least-cost generation option for its customers. Recent changes in Mexican legislation that provide incentives for renewable energy development could open the marketplace for these types of projects.     

Progress in renewable energy under clean development mechanism in India

Kyoto protocol was the first agreement regarding control of climate change problems. Clean development mechanism (CDM) was included in the Kyoto protocol to promote sustainable development in developing countries (non-Annex I countries) and assist developed countries (Annex I countries) to achieve their emission reduction targets. CDM allows trading of emissions reductions and helps to increase sustainable development in a developing country and reduce global emissions in developed country. Renewable energy sources are the appropriate alternatives for sustainable development through CDM. India is one of the emerging nations in renewable energy sector. Government of India is trying to enhance energy generation through renewable and carbon trading. This paper shows the current status and progress of renewable energy through CDM in India.     

Utilizing the clean development mechanism for the deployment of renewable energies in China

This article discusses how much the clean development mechanism (CDM) can contribute to the deployment of renewable energies (RE) in China. While there are at least two general barriers to utilizing CDM finance for RE deployment – namely high project costs and the proof of additionality – this article argues that an appropriate national regulation can lead RE technologies to a stage of commercialisation at which CDM financing can become crucial. For an assessment of the current policy mix in place in China for the deployment of renewable energies, the article compares the national Chinese regulations for renewable energies and China’s specific CDM rules for their impact: where do general and CDM-specific regulations for the promotion of renewable energies provide synergies, where does the policy-making on these two levels collide?     

迎接中国可再生能源发展的春天——中国可再生能源学会第八次全国代表大会召开

2008年10月27日,中国可再生能源学会第八次全国代表大会在北京召开.这次大会听取了第七届理事会的有关工作报告,并选举产生了中国可再生能源学会第八届全国理事会.     

A multicriteria approach to identify investment opportunities for the exploitation of the clean development mechanism

The aim of the present paper is to investigate the prospects for the exploitation of the Kyoto Protocol's Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) in Greece. The paper is addressing 3 questions: in which country, what kind of investment, with which economic and environmental return? The proposed approach is based on a multicriteria analysis for identifying priority countries and interesting investment opportunities in each priority country. These opportunities are then evaluated through a conventional financial analysis in order to assess their economic and environmental attractiveness. To this purpose, the IRR of a typical project in each investment category is calculated by taking into account country-specific parameters, such as baseline emission factors, load factors, costs, energy prices etc. The results reveal substantial differences in the economic and environmental return of different types of projects in different host-countries and show that for the full exploitation of the CDM a multifaceted approach to decision-making is necessary.     

Barriers to dissemination of renewable energy technologies for cooking

A preliminary effort to identify the barriers to dissemination of renewable energy technologies in developing countries has been made.     

中国能源现状分析和可再生能源发展规划

1中国能源生产和消费状况 　　中国是一个能源生产大国,也是一个能源消费大国.2003年,全国商品能源生产总量为16.03亿t标准煤,比2002年增长11%,其中:煤炭产量16.67亿t、原油产量1.7亿t、天然气产量345亿m3;2003年发电量1.9万亿kWh,比2002年增长15.5%;2003年底发电装机容量为3.85亿kW,比2002年增长7.8%.2003年能源消费总量约为16.8亿t,比2002年增长13%,其中:煤炭占67.1%、石油占22.7%、天然气占2.8%、水电等占7.3%,石油进口达到9 700万t.由于能源需求的强劲增长,煤炭在能源消费结构中的比例有所提高,比2002年提高1个百分点. 　　……     

中国的天然气热电联产与清洁发展机制

热电联产以其显著的环保和节能优势受到世界各国的鼓励和支持，并得到普及性发展。文章介绍了中国当前发展天然气电联产的基本条件和关键问题，也简介了国际上旨在减排CO2的清洁发展机制（CDM）中的基本原则和要点，并针对我国将天然气热电联项目纳入CDM项目时遇到的关键问题，如CO2减排基准线、减排量与减排代价等进行了初步测算与探讨，对今后进一步的研究与实施也提出了建议。     

Australian renewable energy policy: Barriers and challenges

Effective policy and regulatory frameworks are paramount to incentivising the deployment of renewable energy to achieve long term reductions in carbon emissions. Australia's renewable energy policy has taken significant steps towards encouraging the deployment of lower-emission energy generation. Significant policy barriers still exist at the federal and state levels, however, which have reduced the effectiveness of a concerted national effort to deploy renewables. The current policy landscape has favoured mature technologies which present the lowest investment risk at the expense of emerging options which may present greater efficiency and emissions reduction gains. The lack of support for emerging technologies delays their effective deployment and the accumulation of highly skilled human capital, until the medium to long term. This paper outlines the key policy frameworks, incentives and regulatory environment which encompasses the renewable energy sector, and presents a critical analysis of the barriers faced by the industry.     

Insights for global energy interconnection from China renewable energy development

Vigorously developing global renewable energy such as wind energy, solar energy, and hydropower and realizing global clean resource sharing are paramount driving forces for building the Global Energy Interconnection (GEI). With the help of a comparative analysis of renewable energy development and global renewable energy development scenarios, this paper expounds on the similarities between China1 and global renewable energy development. Based on the analysis of renewable energy development and the status of global renewable energy development in China, this paper summarizes the relevant experience and problems of renewable energy development in China. According to these problems, this paper also puts forward the corresponding solutions and measures, that is, to promote the healthy and steady development of renewable energy in China through the source-network-load-storage and market coordination. Finally, by analyzing the development requirements and current foundation of GEI, insights and suggestions are proposed for the future development of renewable energy for the GEI construction.     

Barriers to renewable energy penetration; a framework for analysis

Renewable energy has the potential to play an important role in providing energy with sustainability to the vast populations in developing countries who as yet have no access to clean energy. Although economically viable for several applications, renewable energy has not been able to realise its potential due to several barriers to its penetration. A framework has been developed in this paper to identify the barriers to renewable energy penetration and to suggest measures to overcome them.     

可再生能源在中国农村可持续发展中的地位

主要论述了可再生能源在我国农村的应用情况和在农村能源结构中的重要地位及其对生态环境的重要作用；阐述了可再生能源建设对我国农村可持续发展的重要意义；分析了可再生能源在我国农村地区所具有的巨大发展潜力。     

The present status and the future development of renewable energy in China

As one of the biggest energy consuming countries, China has to pay a great attention to the development and utilization of renewable energy to meet the increasing energy demand and to protect its environment. In this paper, the present status of the resources, development and application of different kind renewable energies including solar thermal, wind, biomass, geothermal and ocean energies, are comprehensively summarized. The perspective of solar energy in China is outlined.     

Lead-acid battery use in the development of renewable energy systems in China

Policies and laws encouraging the development of renewable energy systems in China have led to rapid progress in the past 2 years, particularly in the solar cell (photovoltaic) industry. The development of the photovoltaic (PV) and wind power markets in China is outlined in this paper, with emphasis on the utilization of lead-acid batteries. The storage battery is a key component of PV/wind power systems, yet many deficiencies remain to be resolved. Some experimental results are presented, along with examples of potential applications of valve regulated lead-acid (VRLA) batteries, both the absorbed glass mat (AGM) and gelled types.     

Public perceptions of opportunities for community-based renewable energy projects

It now widely acknowledged that the UK needs to increase renewable energy capacity and it has been claimed that community-based renewable energy projects, with high levels of public participation, are more likely to be accepted by the public than top-down development of large-scale schemes and may bring additional benefits such as increased engagement with sustainable energy issues. However, little research has investigated public expectations of how people would like to participate in such projects and why. The aim of this study was to explore one rural community's response to a proposed sustainable energy project. A questionnaire survey and semi-structured interviews provided quantitative and qualitative data. There was widespread support for local generation and use of renewable energy, with respondents expecting benefits from a project in terms of increased community spirit and conservation of natural resources. However, desire for active involvement was lower and residents viewed themselves participating as consultees, rather than project leaders. We suggest community renewable energy projects are likely to gain public acceptance but are unlikely to become widespread without greater institutional support.     

Identifying and addressing barriers to renewable energy development in Pakistan

To ensure a sustainable energy future for Pakistan, it is necessary that the energy sector be accorded a high priority. Pakistan remains predominantly reliant on fossil fuels as its primary source of energy. Efforts to reduce reliance on fossil fuels through increasing the share of renewable energy in the energy supply systems have met with little success so far. The barriers to development of renewable energy can be broadly classified as policy and regulatory barriers, institutional barriers, fiscal and financial barriers, market-related barriers, technological barriers and information and social barriers. In this article, an effort has been made to identify the barriers that limit the use of renewable energy technologies in general and with specific reference to Pakistan, and outline the measures to address these barriers.     

发展可再生能源对浙江省节能减排的意义

分析了浙江省可再生能源资源条件和发展现状,提出了发展可再生能源是浙江省优化能源结构、降低能耗强度、保护生态环境、实现低碳经济发展的重要保障措施。     

Research and development of international clean energy network using hydrogen energy (WE-NET)

In the WE-NET phase I project, a conceptual design of a total system, the energy balance, and the cost of electricity were verified. The performance of SPEM water electrolysis with a high efficiency of 90% was satisfied in the hydrogen production technology. The power generation system of hydrogen-fueled gas turbine with the thermal efficiency of 60% (HHV) and the demonstration test of the combustor, cooling blades were successfully carried out under a temperature of 1700°C. In the WE-NET phase II project, distributed technology such as the hydrogen-refueling station and the metal hydride tank system for vehicle are being prepared for the field demonstration test. Besides, the fundamental technologies of safety measures and hydrogen production systems are also being developed.     

农村可再生能源与可持续发展

文章论述了可再生能源的结构及其在我国农村的发展,指出农村可再生能源的建设是一项综合的系统工程,需要政府,企业,农户的积极投入,才能达到能源,经济和环境的协调发展,才能推动“生态家园富民计划”的实施完成。