A Generalized Yield Criterion

A generalized yield criterion is proposed based on the metai plastic deformation mechanics and the fundamental formula in theory of plasticity. Using the generalized yield criterion, the reason is explained that Mises yield criterion and Tresca yield criterion do not completely match with experimental data. It has been shown that the yield criteria of ductile metals depend not only on the quadratic invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor J2, but also on the cubic invariant of the deviatoric stress tensor J3 and the ratio of the yield stress in pure shear to the yield stress in uniaxial tension κ/σs. The reason that Mises yield criterion and Tresca yield criterion are not in good agreement with the experimental data is that the effect of J3 and κ/σs is neglected.     

几个强度理论的屈服实验研究

根据多种塑性金属的二向和三向拉伸与压缩组合主应力屈服强度实验数据,对Tresca强度理论、Mises强度理论、Mohr-Coulomb强度准则、Beltrami最大能量理论、极限应变能强度理论等几个强度理论计算的相对误差进行了比较分析。结果表明极限应变能强度理论计算的误差在10%以内,为最小。Tresca强度理论、Mises强度理论和Mohr-Coulomb强度准则计算的误差分别为-36%、-27%、-23%,计算结果比试验结果偏保守。Tresca强度理论和Mises强度理论都不适用于拉伸屈服强度和压缩屈服强度相等的材料,该材料的理论剪切屈服强度为拉伸屈服强度的倍。极限应变能强度理论可用于二向和三向拉伸与压缩组合主应力强度计算,在全拉伸和全压缩主应力状态下与Rankine强度理论一致,具有工程应用前景和价值。     

陶瓷基复合材料三维有效应力强度失效模型

基于陶瓷基复合材料在多轴应力作用下的各向异性损伤演化机制,提出损伤解耦分析的模型和方法,实现定量描述损伤分量之间的耦合影响效应。考虑损伤引起的内应力强化,通过引入有效应力的概念,对微细观损伤造成的材料承载性能衰减进行了表征,并提出复杂应力条件下强度失效判别的最大有效应力判据和二次有效应力判据。采用平纹编织C/SiC复合材料,开展了轴向拉伸加卸载、偏轴拉伸加卸载和面内剪切加卸载试验,进行了损伤演化和强度失效分析。模型和试验结果对比分析表明,本文提出的强度理论具有合理性,预测结果准确。      

在复杂应力状态下厚壁圆筒的极限分析

应用双剪统一强度理论,考虑材料的拉压异性和同性,推导了在内压力和轴力联合作用下的厚壁圆筒的塑性极限载荷计算公式,并且绘制了其极限载荷线图。在这些计算公式中,当其系数取不同的值时,就能得到按Tresca屈服准则、线性逼近的Mises屈服准则和双剪应力屈服准则的计算结果。应用其极限载荷线图,根据其承受的载荷大小,就能判断厚壁圆筒是否达到了屈服极限状态。绘制了在不同屈服准则下的极限载荷线图,以便对其差异进行比较。     

环形均布荷载作用下简支圆板的塑性极限分析

本文采用双剪统一屈服准则首次对受环形均布荷载作用下的简支圆板进行了塑性极限分析,得出了相应的统一解形式。已有的Tresca准则、Mises准则、双剪应力准则的解答是文中解答的特例或逼近,它可以适用于不同性状的拉压同性材料。用本文的解还可以推出多种荷载作用下简支圆板的塑性极限荷载。     

层间混杂叠层复合材料的最终拉伸破坏(II)强度的统计分析

采用随机临界核理论, 结合由剪滞模型得出的应力集中分析结果, 对具有层间界面破坏的单向层间混杂叠层复合材料的最终拉伸破坏提出了一种细观统计理论; 导出了计及界面剪切强度效应的强度分布函数和破坏准则; 得到了最终拉伸强度与界面剪切强度的关系。结果表明, 混杂复合材料的最终拉伸强度与界面剪切强度及混杂比存在某种优化匹配关系, 而破坏应变则与现有的实验结果较为接近。      

钢纤维混凝土多轴损伤比强度准则EI北大核心CSCD

以损伤比强度理论为基础,建立了钢纤维混凝土真三轴损伤比强度准则,并根据钢纤维混凝土试验资料,推荐了钢纤维混凝土损伤比变量表达式中的6个经验参数。利用钢纤维混凝土在单轴、双轴和三轴受力状态下的应力-应变曲线试验结果验证了损伤比取值合理性,对比了单轴受拉、单轴受压和双轴等压等典型受力状态下钢纤维混凝土和普通混凝土损伤比变量取值的差异。通过与国内外共104组钢纤维体积率为0.5%~2.5%的钢纤维混凝土三轴强度试验资料的比较,表明六经验参数钢纤维混凝土损伤比强度准则的三维破坏包络面接近已有认识;通过与国内外强度准则比较,表明损伤比强度准则与钢纤维混凝土三轴试验数据有较高的吻合度。对于围压三轴受力状态,提出简化的钢纤维混凝土常规三轴强度准则,并与已有常规三轴强度准则进行比较分析。此外,对于材料处于二轴受力,推荐了简化的损伤比二轴强度准则中的经验参数取值。     

A Numerical Simulation of Time-Dependent Interface Failure Under Shear and Compressive Loads in Single-Fiber Composites

We performed a numerical simulation of a time-dependent interfacial failure accompanied by a fiber failure, and examined their evolution under shear and compressive loads in single-fiber composites. The compressive load on the interface consists of Poisson’s contraction for matrix resin subjected to longitudinal tensile load. As time progresses, compressive stress at the interface in the fiber radial direction relaxes under the constant longitudinal tensile strain condition for the specimen, directly causing the relaxation of the interface frictional stress. This relaxation facilitates the failure of the interface. In this analysis, a specific criterion for interface failure is applied; apparent interfacial shear strength is enhanced by compressive stress, which is referred as quasi-parabolic criterion in the present study. The results of the stress recovery profile around the fiber failure and the interfacial debonding length as a function of time simulated by the finite element analysis employing the criterion are very similar to experimental results obtained using micro-Raman spectroscopy.     

Investigation of combined stress state failure criterion for glass fiber/epoxy interface by the cruciform specimen method

The interfacial failure criterion under combined stress state in a glass fiber/epoxy composite is investigated by the cruciform specimen method. Experiments were conducted by using specimens with a fiber whose angle from the loading direction is varied in order to make various stress state of normal and shear at the interface. Finite element analysis is performed to calculate the interfacial stress distribution. By combining the experimental measurement of the specimen stress at the interfacial debonding initiation and the finite element stress analysis, it is possible to obtain the interfacial stress state at interfacial failure. A method to determine the interfacial failure criterion and the interfacial failure initiation location simultaneously is proposed in the present study. We conclude the value of the interfacial shear strength is higher than that of the interfacial normal strength for the material system used in the present study.     

基于温度-应力耦合作用的岩石时效蠕变模型

基于岩石变形与热力学基本理论,建立了温度-应力耦合作用下脆性岩石时效蠕变损伤模型。根据此模型,在有限元数值软件COMSOL的基础上进行二次开发,考虑岩石介质的非均匀性,并以最大拉应力准则以及摩尔库仑准则为岩石单元的破坏准则,给出了温度-应力耦合作用下岩石时效蠕变损伤模型的数值求解方法。并结合室内实验结果验证了该模型方法的可行性和合理性。数值模拟结果表明该模型能准确描述不同温度条件下花岗岩典型蠕变全过程三个阶段,即初始蠕变阶段、稳态蠕变阶段和加速蠕变阶段。数值模拟也表明声发射累计数和岩石轴向应变的演化趋势整体上具有一致性,且在初始蠕变阶段和加速蠕变阶段出现较多的声发射现象。     

Elastoplastic modelling of subsurface crack growth in rail/wheel contact problems

Propagation of small subsurface cracks subjected to shear under repeated rolling contact load is studied. An analytical crack model (Dugdale) with plastic strips at the two crack tips is employed. Compressive stresses promoting crack closure and friction between crack faces are considered. The triaxial stress state is used in the yield criterion. A damage criterion is suggested based on experimental LCF data. In a numerical study, critical crack lengths are found below which propagation of an existing crack should be effectively suppressed.     

钛酸钙系电流变液在直流电场下静态剪切的应力响应

研究了直流电场下钛酸钙系电流变液在静态剪切模式下的力学响应,得到了材料在静态剪切模式下的应力应变关系,讨论了材料温度、电压和剪切应变对应力的影响,以理论推导和实验数据拟合的方法得出了剪切应力与剪切应变、温度以及电场强度等参数的半经验数学关系式.理论值对比实验结果表明,剪切应力表达式与实验结果符合较好,可以用于预测材料在静态剪切模式下的剪切应变,温度和电场强度对剪切应力的影响.     

Analysis of bolted joints in composite laminates: Strains and bearing stiffness predictions

A review of the investigations conducted on mechanically fastened joints is presented. A finite-element model is developed to predict the response of pin-loaded composite plates. The model takes into account contact at the pin–hole interface, progressive damage, large deformation theory, and a nonlinear shear stress–strain relationship. To predict progressive ply failure, four different analyses combining Hashin and the maximum stress failure criteria, and different associated degradation rules are conducted. The objectives of the study are to determine the influence of the failure criteria and the associated degradation rules on the predictions of the strains around the hole and the bearing stiffness. Predictions are compared with experimental results. It appears that agreement between the two depends on an appropriate selection of the failure criterion and the degradation rule. Better agreement between experimental results and numerical predictions is observed with the maximum stress criterion.     

Viscoelasticity and shear yielding onset in amorphous glassy polymers

In the present work, the effect of viscoelasticity on the yield behaviour of a polycarbonate, PC, was studied and the identification of a yield criterion which takes into account the effects of the mechanical history on the onset of plastic strain, was attempted. The attention was focused on the shear yielding plastic deformation process and different loading histories were performed under uniaxial compression: constant strain rate at different rates, stress relaxation at different applied strain levels, creep under different stress levels. Some tests were also carried out under shear loading, in which the hydrostatic stress component is equal to zero and its effect on the yield onset can be considered. For the definition of a yield criterion, different quantities, some already proposed in an analogous work on a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer (SAN), were considered and determined at yield onset for each of the applied loading histories. The results obtained in this work show that the relative ratios of the viscoelastic strain over the overall strain and of viscoelastic energy over the deformation work are fairly constant irrespective of both loading history and stress state. The re-elaboration of the data previously obtained on SAN is consistent with these results. Discussing the experimental data, differences between the mechanical behaviour of the two glassy polymers were pointed out and a more difficult activation of the plastic deformation process of PC than SAN was generally observed.     

Evaluating a strain energy fatigue method using cyclic plasticity models

For the development of constitutive equations that describe the behaviour of materials under cyclic plastic strains, different kinds of formulations can be adopted. Recently, an energy‐based fatigue damage parameter has been developed to present energy‐fatigue life curves using a calculation of the total strain energy. In this study, the damage criterion is examined by calculation of the plastic strain energy from stress–strain hysteresis loops in the cyclic plasticity models under condition of multi‐axial fatigue. These cyclic plasticity models are the Garud multi‐surface model and the Chaboche nonlinear kinematic hardening model. The models are briefly explained and the general features of their computational procedure are presented. Then, the hysteresis loops of these models will be obtained and the fatigue lives are predicted and compared to experimental data by the ratio of predicted life to experimental life. Consequently, a weighting factor on shear plastic work is presented to decrease the life factors.     

单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸行为

采用细观力学方法对单向纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料的单轴拉伸应力-应变行为进行了研究。采用Budiansky-Hutchinson-Evans（BHE）剪滞模型分析了复合材料出现损伤时的细观应力场,结合临界基体应变能准则、应变能释放率准则以及Curtin统计模型三种单一失效模型分别描述陶瓷基复合材料基体开裂、界面脱粘以及纤维失效三种损伤机制,确定了基体裂纹间隔、界面脱粘长度和纤维失效体积分数。将剪滞模型与3种单一失效模型相结合,对各个损伤阶段的应力-应变曲线进行模拟,建立了准确的复合材料强韧性预测模型,并讨论了界面参数和纤维韦布尔模量对复合材料损伤以及应力-应变曲线的影响。与室温下陶瓷基复合材料单轴拉伸试验数据进行了对比,各个损伤阶段的应力-应变、失效强度及应变与试验数据吻合较好。     

基于统一强度理论的生态复合墙体等效斜压杆宽度计算

结合前期框格和复合墙体的试验研究结果,分析生态填充砌块与框格的受力特性;采用考虑中间主应力σ2影响、拉压性能不同且适用于各种材料复杂应力状态下的双剪统一强度理论,推导简化计算模型中等效斜压杆的宽度表达式,并与试验值进行对比,验证理论计算结果的精确性。此表达式可为复合墙体中填充不同生态块材计算等效宽度提供统一解;有限元数值结果和试验值吻合较好。该模型可用来分析生态复合墙体的动力反应特性。     

Modelling of stress-strain behaviour of plain concrete using a plasticity framework

A constitutive model based on the theory of plasticity is proposed to characterize the stress-strain behaviour of plain concrete under three-dimensional loading. The model incorporates the third stress invariant in the formulation that allows variation of shear strength with the orientation of stress paths on the octahedral plane. Also, it allows variation of the shape of the yield surface on the octahedral plane with confining pressure. An algorithm is developed and used to evaluate the associated material constants in the optimum manner. Stress-strain responses are back-predicted for a number of stress paths using the proposed model and the results are compared with experimental observations. Overall, good agreement between the experimental data and predicted response is obtained.     

Analytical and finite element investigations of shear/compression test fixtures

Insulation systems are critical components of the international thermonuclear experimental reactor (ITER). They must meet the super conducting magnets design requirements, including mechanical strength under combined shear and compressive stresses at cryogenic temperatures. Past cryogenic magnet systems often relied on woven glass/epoxy materials for insulation. An important point is to find a reliable shear/compression test method for these materials. The present work investigates a commonly used shear/compression setup and aims at measuring the reliability of the obtained test results. Therefore, the stress and failure analysis is performed analytically and numerically using the finite element method. The model is based on woven glass fiber reinforced materials which are subjected to combined shear and compressive stresses as well as to thermal loading, that results from cooling from 293 K to the test temperature of 77 K. A short analytical section shows the problems of common failure criteria which are used to describe the interaction of the shear and compression stresses. The numerical—finite element—section is based on three-dimensional linear elastic finite element models under thermo-mechanical loading. The locations of high stress gradients are investigated using an average stress criterion. Three different model geometries (15°, 45°, and 70°) are analyzed and finally compared with respect to their reliability.