具有分形特性的齿侧间隙对齿轮-轴承系统动态特性的影响

主要研究具有分形特性的齿侧间隙对齿轮-轴承系统动态特性的影响。首先建立该系统的动力学模型,考虑转轴、轴承等重要部件对齿轮系统动态特性的影响。模型中计及滑动轴承非线性油膜力、综合传递误差及齿轮时变啮合刚度等非线性因素。在对系统的动力学分析中引入分形理论,讨论齿侧间隙表现出的分形行为,并使用W-M函数对其进行描述。通过Runge-Kutta法求解动力学方程并得到系统响应的相图,Poincaré截面图与分岔图。结果表明:当啮合刚度较大时,系统的分岔行为减少,1周期与混沌交替出现;当齿侧间隙在小范围内波动时,相比于固定齿侧间隙,使用具有分形特性的齿侧间隙时系统响应表现出了更多细节,可以更准确地描述系统的动态特性;随着啮合刚度的增大,系统可以在分形维数D较大的情况下依然保持准周期运动,即刚度较大时系统较稳定。     

间隙误差条件下辊轧机传动系统动态特性分析

基于齿轮系统动力学及非线性系统动力学理论,建立了考虑时变啮合刚度、综合啮合误差以及齿侧间隙等因素的叶片辊轧机传动系统的非线性动力学模型。采用数值积分方法对含间隙非线性微分方程组进行了求解,研究了齿侧间隙对辊轧机传动系统的动态特性影响。研究表明:齿侧间隙增大使系统由简谐振动进入混沌振动;传动系统啮合状态由双边冲击转为单边冲击,且间隙的增加对上轧辊一级齿轮-齿条以及二级齿轮-齿条啮合动态响应影响较大,对下轧辊齿轮-齿条啮合动态响应影响较小。     

基于增量谐波平衡法的星型齿轮传动非线性动力学分析

建立了两级星型齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学分析模型,模型中考虑了系统的综合啮合误差、时变啮合刚度以及齿侧间隙。推导了多自由度多间隙系统的增量谐波平衡法计算公式,利用上述方法求解了系统非线性微分方程组,得到了两级星型齿轮传动的非线性频响特性。分析了阻尼系数、时变啮合刚度以及误差等参数对系统动态特性的影响。分析结果表明:间隙会使两级星型齿轮传动系统中出现多值解及跳跃现象的典型非线性特征;增大系统阻尼系数可以抑制系统的共振幅值;增大时变刚度幅值使得齿轮副传动误差的幅值增大;增大激励误差的幅值,使得系统各构件的振动幅值增大;多级星型齿轮传动系统有着比单级传动更丰富的非线性动态特性。     

含间隙的斜齿轮副扭振分析与试验研究

建立了科齿轮副的间隙型非线性扭振模型，其中考虑了斜齿轮副的啮合综合误差，齿侧间隙和时变啮合刚度。采用三维有限元法计算了斜齿轮副啮合刚度，用三次样条插值拟合得到时变啮合刚度函数。用数值积分方法对系统的非线性动力学微分方程进行了求解，获得了斜齿轮副在外转矩作用下受静态传动误差激励的非线性稳态强迫响应，并对系统的动态响应进行了测试，试验和理论计算结果了一致性证实了本文所提出模型和解法的正确性。     

基于离散傅里叶变换与谐波平衡法的行星齿轮系统非线性动力学分析

研究了多间隙作用下行星齿轮系统的强非线性动力学行为。考虑齿轮啮合误差和时变啮合刚度,建立了2K—H型行星齿轮传动的弯扭耦合非线性动力学模型。利用离散Fourier变换(DFT)及其逆变换(IDFT)处理方程中非线性恢复力与位移坐标之间的函数关系,发展了一种可以求解多阶谐波响应的数值谐波平衡法,并用Broyden方法求解其形成的代数平衡方程组。用该方法分析齿轮非线性动力学稳态解时,啮合刚度与激励可以是任意的周期函数形式,不仅可以包含多次谐波响应,而且还可以求解系统的次谐波响应。克服了传统的解析谐波平衡法基于描述函数进行而难以求解一般周期响应和次谐波响应的缺点。作为算例,用该方法分析了行星齿轮传动的非线性频响特性,并与相应的线性系统进行了比较。     

齿轮系统动力学模型内部激励参数的优化设置研究

时变啮合刚度与齿侧间隙是齿轮传动系统的主要内部激励源,决定了齿轮系统动力学的基本特点和性质。啮合刚度的时变性影响齿轮系统的稳定性、引起系统的参数共振,齿侧间隙则引起系统强烈的非线特性。考虑时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙等激励源,建立了齿轮系统非线性动力学模型,从模型参数设置合理性的新角度阐述时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙对系统动态特性的影响。结果表明:在低速工运行况下,过度简化时变啮合刚度会扼杀由单双齿交替啮合而产生的振动冲击响应;此时齿轮处于单侧啮合状态,在建模时可以不考虑齿侧间隙的影响,以达到简化模型、提高求解效率的目的。而在较高速运行状态下,齿轮处于单边冲击或双边冲击状态,齿侧间隙引起系统强烈的非线性特性,建模时必须考虑齿侧间隙。     

考虑齿侧间隙的行星齿轮传动动力学研究

以圆柱直齿轮为研究对象,采用质量集中法建立了行星齿轮传动系统的非线性动力学模型.模型考虑了齿侧间隙、时变啮合刚度、啮合阻尼与综合啮合误差4个影响因素,列出模型对应的动力学方程,并使用4阶龙格-库塔法进行求解;通过改变齿侧间隙的大小,得出系统在不同间隙大小下的响应状态差异;最后,用相对位置误差的时间位移图像、相平面图及FFT频谱图进行反映,得出具体齿侧间隙大小对齿轮振动响应的影响.     

两级行星齿轮传动系统动态均载特性分析

为了研究两级行星轮系的动态均载特性,建立了两级行星轮系的平移扭转耦合动力学模型,综合考虑了时变啮合刚度、齿轮安装误差、偏心误差、齿侧间隙及级间耦合等非线性因素,推导了系统的无量纲化动力学方程。采用数值方法对方程组进行求解,对中心构件浮动形式、行星轮误差、级间耦合刚度等因素对系统动态均载特性的影响进行了分析,为两级行星轮系的动力学分析和动态均载特性的研究提供了参考,对两级行星齿轮传动系统的设计有一定的指导意义。     

行星齿轮传动非线性动力学方程求解与动态特性分析

发展了单自由度解析谐波平衡法的应用。对行星齿轮传动系统的多自由度非线性动力学微分方程组，在考虑刚度波动的情况下，推导了行星齿轮系统微分方程组的解析谐波平衡法的计算公式，并采用Ｂｒｏｙｄｅｎ迭代方法求解非线性代数方程组。给出一个算例，用上述方法进行求解，得到了行星齿轮传动的非线性频响特性，与相应的线性系统进行了比较。并研究了时变啮合刚度、误差和齿侧间隙对系统非线性动力学行为的影响。     

变参数对少齿差行星减速器振动特性影响及实验

建立了一种综合考虑时变啮合刚度、啮合阻尼、啮合误差、齿侧间隙和输入转速等多参数的少齿差行星减速器弯扭耦合非线性动力学模型。分析计算了该减速器的啮合误差激励,根据啮合特性推导出时变啮合刚度,并建立系统多参数、多处非线性和多自由度的动力学微分方程。利用Matlab求解各参数对系统非线性振动特性的影响,最后进行实验进行分析验证不同转速、负载对系统振动特性的影响。结果表明:时变啮合刚度、啮合阻尼、齿轮误差、齿侧间隙及转速对减速器振动影响较大,振动实验结果与仿真分析趋势基本一致,验证仿真分析的正确性。     

Dynamic behavior of the spur gear system with time varying stiffness by gear positions in the backlash

Gear backlash is a nonlinear effect of the gear system. In a spur gear system with the backlash, the initial position of gears with the backlash affects the impact force. This work conducted a dynamic analysis of the spur gear system with time-varying mesh stiffness and bearing stiffness with a focus on the initial gear position within the backlash. For this purpose, the time-varying stiffness of the gears and rolling bearings were calculated. Mesh force with the time-varying stiffness and the gear backlash was applied to four DOF equations of motion. The equations of motion were solved using the Newmark beta method and Newton-Raphson method. The dynamic characteristics of the spur gear system by the initial position of gears within the backlash were investigated along with the magnitude of the backlash. The results showed that as the backlash increased, the mesh and bearing forces increased as well. The mesh and bearing forces were highly dependent on the initial gear position within the backlash. Significant initial mesh and bearing forces by the initial gear position within the backlash can lead to cumulative damages to the gear system.     

含柔性转子的齿轮-轴承系统动态特性分析

为了分析齿轮系统动力学中的全耦合振动,提出采用虚拟样机建模的方法,将柔性转子引入到啮合耦合系统中,考虑齿轮时变啮合刚度、齿侧间隙和轴承间隙的影响,建立齿轮-柔性转子-轴承系统虚拟样机模型,通过求解模型的动力学方程得到系统的非线性动力学响应。仿真结果表明:考虑柔性转子的耦合系统,啮合冲击峰值下降明显;转子柔性增加,齿轮低频扭转振动出现"拍"现象;高速轻载时啮合振动非线性特性增强;轴承间隙增大使啮合力振动幅值显著增大。     

Model-based analysis and fault diagnosis of a compound planetary gear set with damaged sun gear

The vibration properties of compound planetary gears are more complicated than that of simple ones. This paper aims to investigate the fault properties of a compound planetary gear set in chipped sun gear conditions using model-based method. A three-dimensional lumped-parameter nonlinear dynamic model for the compound planetary gear set is established. This model considers the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS), the mesh phase relations, and gear chipping defects. The analytical equations are derived to quantify the TVMS reduction induced by the chipped gear based on the improved potential energy method. Further, the simulations are performed to demonstrate the fault features of sun gears with single or multiple chipped teeth in different gear stages. Moreover, the theoretical derivations are validated through the experimental signals analysis.     

Comparisons of gear dynamic responses with rectangular mesh stiffness and its approximate form

The mesh stiffness is close to rectangular stiffness, and the first harmonic approximate term of rectangular stiffness is generally adopted in the nonlinear gear dynamic analysis. The differences between the rectangular stiffness and its approximate form are analyzed in detail. The frequency response and dynamic factor are calculated by a numerical method, to illustrate the dynamic characteristics of the gear nonlinear system with different mesh stiffness forms. The results show that: The trends of frequency response of gear dynamic system with rectangular stiffness and its approximate form are identical. The jump phenomena are detected in both cases. Without the effect of static transmission error, the dynamic factor with rectangular mesh stiffness is larger than that with approximate mesh stiffness. Under design power and speed condition, the result with approximate mesh stiffness function may deduce reasonless suggestions for a designer. The static transmission error will enlarge the vibration amplitude and dynamic factor when the approximate mesh stiffness is adopted, but the effects on the response of gear system with rectangular mesh stiffness are fractional. The mesh stiffness may excite the odd subharmonic resonance, and the static transmission error may excite the even sub-harmonic resonance respectively.     

M-DOF dynamic model for load sharing behavior analysis of PGT

A Multi-degree-of-freedom (M-DOF) nonlinear dynamic model for n-pinion Planetary gear train (PGT) is presented in this paper to investigate load sharing behavior of planet gears. In this dynamic model, manufacturing and assembly errors, elastic deformation and time-varying mesh stiffness are considered. Two sets of elastic compatibility equations are proposed to describe compatibility relationship between displacements, errors and elastic deformations. By means of Ishikawa formula, time-varying mesh stiffness of the gear pair is determined. The dynamic motion equations are solved with Runge-Kutta numerical integral method, which yields the displacements and deformations of each component. With the model, dynamic load sharing behavior of planet gears is evaluated. An example of 3-pinion PGT dynamic modeling is included, for which the influence of floating sun gear and adding flexible planet pin on the load sharing characteristics is analyzed.     

On modeling and vibration of gear drives influenced by nonlinear couplings

Gear drives are one of the most common parts in many rotating machinery. When the gear drive runs under lower torque load, nonlinear effects like gear mesh interruption can occur and vibration can be accompanied by impact motions of the gears. This paper presents an original method of the mathematical modeling of gear drive nonlinear vibrations using modal synthesis method with degrees of freedom number reduction. The model respects nonlinearities caused by gear mesh interruption, parametric gearing excitation caused by time-varying meshing stiffness and nonlinear contact forces acting between journals of the rolling-element bearings and the outer housing. The nonlinear model is then used for investigation of gear drive vibration, especially for detection of nonlinear phenomena like impact motions, bifurcation of solution and chaotic motions in case of small static load and in resonant states. The theoretical method is used for investigation of two-stage gearbox nonlinear vibration.     

含裂纹故障齿轮系统的非线性动力学研究

考虑时变啮合刚度、间隙非线性及传动误差的影响,针对试验齿轮箱中的单对齿轮传动建立齿轮副扭转振动的参数化动力学模型,对裂纹故障的非线性动力学机理进行研究。采用平均法分析齿轮裂纹模型的主共振及1/2亚谐共振的动力学响应;给出裂纹演化过程对齿轮系统啮合刚度及动力学行为的影响;通过幅频特性曲线、时域图、相轨迹图、Poincaré截面图及频谱图综合分析含有裂纹故障齿轮的振动特征;通过奇异性理论分析裂纹程度及传动误差所产生的内部激励与系统动力学分岔的关系,从而揭示了不同裂纹程度和传动误差所引起的不同分岔模式;最后通过试验提取含有裂纹故障齿轮的振动特征,试验结果验证了理论分析的结果,从而为齿轮系统裂纹故障的识别提供理论依据。     

Calculation of time dependent mesh stiffness of helical planetary gear system using analytical approach

Time-dependent mesh stiffness is a most important reason of vibration and dynamic excitation in gear sets. In this research, analytical formulas of the helical gear set and the planetary gear system are combined to calculate the time-dependent mesh stiffness of the helical planetary gear system. For this purpose, at the first step, the analytical equations are derived for the spur gear pair. Then by dividing a helical tooth into the several independent thin spur tooth slices, the helical gear pair mesh stiffness is extracted. Finally, these equations are extended to the helical planetary gear system. The suggested analytical results and those which obtained by the finite element method (FEM) are compared and are in good agreement when the helix angle is less than 15 degrees. Also, the helical planetary gear system mesh stiffness in different cases such as fixed carrier, fixed sun gear and fixed ring gears is calculated. These results show that the value of mesh frequency ratio in each case scales the mesh stiffness shapes in the rotation angle direction. In other words, mesh frequency ratio parameter determines the number of meshing period in each rotation of planets.     

接触区域可控的弧齿锥齿轮齿面建模方法

首先建立格里森制螺旋锥齿轮齿面上齿线方向上一个曲线簇的曲线方程,再结合球面渐开线方程,构建表达螺旋锥齿轮齿面的网格状的曲面模型。在此模型的基础上,根据局部共轭原理,对小齿轮进行修齿计算,得到修齿后小齿轮齿面的曲面离散数据,以满足不完全共轭的啮合要求。将数据导入Pro／Engineer建立齿轮模型,并在Pro／Engineer中进行运动仿真对接触区域进行检验。上述方法简化了建模和修齿过程,并能够简便地调整接触点位置。     

齿轮系统时变刚度和间隙非线性振动特性研究

以齿轮系统动力学和非线性动力学理论为基础，针对齿轮系统时变啮合刚度和齿侧间隙耦合作用的具体特点，建立了齿轮系统非线性模型，并用数值积分和数值仿真方法对其在某些参数域中进行了非线性振动研究。根据仿真结果得到一些有用的结论，是进一步进行多自由度齿轮系统和行星齿轮系统的非线性动力学研究的基础。