如何做好籽棉收购检验工作

籽棉收购检验工作的好坏,直接影响到皮棉的加工质量与企业的经营效益。在新的棉花流通体制下．随着现代市场经济的发展和企业经营环境的不断变化,棉花收购加工企业做好籽棉收购检验工作显得尤为重要。现就棉花收购加工企业如何做好籽棉收购检验工作谈点自己的看法。     

籽棉掺杂使假现象及其防范措施

自从国家改革棉花统购统销政策以来,棉花初级市场的参与主体发生了很大变化,籽棉收购市场因缺乏必要的政策支持,收购秩序混乱。许多棉花收购加工企业规模小、装备水平落后,粗放式管理使籽棉收购工作失控,混级堆放,致使棉花加工质量低劣,棉农利益受损,资源浪费。能否在籽棉收购环节控制好籽棉收购质量,将直接影响棉花加工质量和加工企业的经济效益,     

棉花生产中的质量管理工作

棉花加工企业是直接面对广大棉农的一个“窗口”,棉农和加工企业只有在采摘、收购、加工籽棉过程中相互配合好,才能使棉花的经济效益达到最大。为认真贯彻落实籽棉收购、机采籽棉抽样检验程序,保证棉花收获和加工工作安全、有序、顺利地进行,现对团场棉花采摘、存储、运输、收购、加工的质量管理工作谈些自己的看法。     

提高棉花质量须把好"三关"

棉花质量,是棉花收购、加工企业的生命.只有优质,才有市场,企业才能生存和发展.提高棉花质量,须从棉花收购、籽棉加工、产品出厂等环节人手做好工作.现结合我们以往的做法,谈谈这方面的经验与看法.     

浅谈籽棉收购与管理

籽棉的收购和管理关系到加工皮棉的质量,如何有效地监管和控制收购籽棉的质量．成为棉花加工企业的第一道质量生命线．现就如何提高籽棉收购和管理进行简要阐述。     

籽棉的收购与管理

籽棉的收购和管理关系到加工皮棉的质量，有效地监管和控制收购籽棉的质量成为棉花加工企业的第一道质量生命线，现就如何提高籽棉收购与管理进行简要阐述。     

如何搞好籽棉收购工作

<正>2014年是国家棉花入储放开的一年,如何搞好籽棉收购工作,是每一个棉花加企业直得深思一项重要工作。籽棉收购的好坏是关系到皮棉好坏的一个重要环节,它将影响到籽棉堆放的安全、堆放的时间、加工的质量、加工的成本,尤其是新疆兵团的棉花加工企业一天收购籽棉在600~1 000 t,如果收购工作搞不好将会给团场、加工企业带来重大的经济损失。下面就如何搞好籽棉收购工作谈以下看法。     

棉花加工经营企业降低成本的若干途径

近年来,棉花加工经营已是微利行业。成本的高低已经成了企业经营成败的关键因素之一。如何在确保棉花收购加工质量的基础上,降低棉花收购、加工和销售成本,取得最大的经济效益,从而提高企业竞争水平和经营效益？这是每个棉花加工经营企业决策者首先需要解决的问题。     

籽棉温湿度监测系统设计

一、引言我国大部分的棉花加工企业,在棉花收购和加工期间,籽棉均采用堆垛储存。棉花加工企业从籽棉收购后堆垛到完成棉花加工生产     

适应形势发展 搞好棉花收购

棉花收购工作是棉花经营企业的重大经济活动，它具有季节集中、技术性强、涉及面广等特点。棉花收购企业如何适应新的形势，做好棉花收购工作，继续保持主渠道地位，是值得研究的新课题。笔者认为在2000年的棉花收购工作中，应做好以下几个方面的工作。     

Changes in smoking prevalence in Ukraine in 2001-5

Objectives

To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.

Design

Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.

Main outcome measure

Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.

Results

The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.

Conclusions

In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).^{1,2,3,4,5,6,7} Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.⁶ Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.⁷ In Ukraine, two studies^3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.     

2010年河南省部分食品中重金属污染状况分析

了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。     

Moulds and mycotoxins in sorghum stored in traditional containers in India

Various traditional containers have been used in India for storage of sorghum grains. Sorghum is susceptible to fungal infestation and toxin elaboration. The present study relates to the mould and mycotoxin contamination (aflatoxin B₁ and T-2 toxin) in stored sorghum in different storage containers viz. “Kotlu” (Storage rooms), earthenware pots, gunny bags and reed baskets. Aspergillus sp. and Fusarium sp. were the prominent genera and the “Kotlu” form of storage was most susceptible to fungal attack. Storage treatment had little effect on fungal contamination, but despite the fungal infestation, the mycotoxin contamination was found to be very low.     

中国固态发酵白酒中功能细菌研究进展

细菌是白酒酿造3大类微生物之一,其在白酒生产中有着重要的作用,如:芽孢杆菌、乳酸菌、放线菌和梭菌等,它们能产生酯类、有机酸、吡嗪、萜烯等微量成分,从而影响白酒的风味与品质。基于细菌在白酒中的重要功能以及微生物分离培养技术和分析检测技术的进步,近年来相关研究越来越深入。该文综述了近年来白酒功能细菌的研究进展,介绍了酿酒各个环节中主要功能细菌及其在白酒中的作用,旨在为白酒功能细菌的研究提供参考。     

2010年山西省食品中食源性致病菌监测分析

目的 了解山西省食源性致病菌的污染现状.方法 按照2010年度《全国食源性致病菌监测工作手册》进行.结果 1 576份样品中共检出阳性菌株149株,检出率为9.45％,其中单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性弧菌污染比较严重,总检出率为9.50％和8.22％,金黄色葡萄球菌、阪崎肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的总检出率分别为3.02％、1.11％和0.87％.不同类别食品中致病菌的检出率差异较大,生肉中致病菌的检出率高居榜首为49.33％,主要污染菌为沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌;沙拉中致病菌的检出率为17.39％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌;生食水产品中致病菌的检出率为16.94％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、副溶血性孤菌;熟肉制品中致病菌的检出率为9.84％,主要污染菌为单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌;中式凉拌菜中致病菌的检出率为8.89％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜榨果汁中致病菌的检出率为6.67％,主要污染菌为金黄色葡萄球菌;鲜冻水产品中致病菌的检出率为5.00％,主要污染菌为副溶血性弧菌;婴幼儿配方粉/米粉/谷粉/豆奶粉中阪崎杆菌的检出率为1.11％.结论 山西省多种食品均存在食源性致病菌不同程度的污染,应加大对散装食品、即食食品和生食水产品的监管.