变压吸附分离工业废气中二氧化碳的研究进展初探

文章以变压吸附分离工业废气中二氧化碳的研究进展为中心话题,介绍了碳的捕获和存储、氧化碳的分离工艺、氧化碳的捕获系统,分析了氧化碳的变压吸附分离技术进展、国内外变压吸附分离二氧化碳的工业应用进展、变压吸附分离二氧化碳工艺中存在的问题等相关内容,并对变压吸附分离工业废气中二氧化碳工艺作了展望。希望能够引起人们对这一问题的进一步关注,能够对将来的实际工作发挥借鉴指导作用。     

变压吸附分离工业废气中二氧化碳的研究进展

概述了未来人类对过量二氧化碳排放的处理办法,即碳的捕获和存储(CCS)。简介了4种二氧化碳的分离工艺及特点和工业中二氧化碳的捕获系统。阐述了变压吸附工艺的基本原理和其在捕获工业废气中二氧化碳上的应用,以及变压吸附分离二氧化碳的工艺在循环结构设计、吸附剂材料和数值模拟等方面的研究进展和国内外的工业化应用。分析了目前该工艺仍存在的问题,指出该技术具有广阔的应用前景。     

变压吸附分离工业废气中CO_2的研究进展

介绍了碳的捕获和存储,分析了二氧化碳分离工艺及捕获系统,探讨了二氧化碳变压吸附分离技术的进展、国内外变压吸附分离二氧化碳的工业应用进展。另外,还指出了变压吸附分离二氧化碳工艺中存在的问题,并就这些问题提出相应的改进策略,希望能够为实际工作提供指导与参考。     

变压吸附技术在气体分离提纯中的应用

介绍了变压吸附技术的基本原理、发展概况及基本工作过程,并阐述了该技术在氢气的分离与提纯、二氧化碳的分离与提纯、一氧化碳的分离、空气分离制氧、空气分离制氮、碳的脱除等工业过程中的应用,对变压吸附技术今后的发展提出了展望。     

变压吸附制氢工艺革新进展

作为近几十年来在工业上新崛起的气体分离技术,变压吸附技术已经被广泛应用于制氢行业,简要概述了变压吸附制氢工艺的原理、流程,重点介绍了变压吸附制氢工艺革新进展以及联合工艺的应用。     

变压吸附分离CO技术及其在羰基合成工业中的应用

简述了不同吸附分离CO技术的特点,介绍了变压吸附分离CO技术的原理和工艺现状以及羰基合成工业中分离CO技术的选择.     

几种脱碳方法的分析比较

分析了溶剂吸收法脱除变换气中二氧化碳技术的优缺点;阐述了变压吸附气体分离技术应用于合成氨、尿素脱碳的发展历程和工业应用现状;将二段法变压吸附脱碳的工艺技术指标和运行费用与目前国内常用的脱碳方法进行了对比,结果表明,该法可简化流程、方便操作、降低运行成本,且有效气体回收率高于溶剂吸收法脱碳技术。     

EO／EG装置CO2废气的净化回收工艺探讨

介绍了当前二氧化碳气体在疆内外的用途和市场情况,以及现在主要的几种工业装置中回收二氧化碳气体的工艺方法。重点讨论了采用变压吸附法对乙二醇装置副产二氧化碳气体的净化回收的工艺方法,并给出了该工艺的流程,设备,经济效益评价。     

读者信箱

<正> 一、问:什么叫变压吸附?答:变压吸附是利用分子筛在不同的压力及温度条件下,对混合气体进行选择性的吸收,并控制压力及温度进行解吸,用以达到分离混合气体的目的。如石油化工、化肥工业以及其它行业中均有应用。如利用分子筛变压吸附分离合成氨厂驰放气中的甲烷及氢;利用分子筛变压吸附分离空气中的氧及氮,利用分子筛变压吸附分离空气中的二氧化碳。这些分子筛有沸石,碳以及 A 型分子筛等。二、问:碳酸氢铵肥料堆放在露天有什么害     

食品级二氧化碳的生产工艺

文章介绍了食品级二氧化碳的应用领域及前景,并介绍了其生产工艺。该工艺以工业级二氧化碳为原料,在传统的提纯工艺基础上再经由四川天一公司提供的专利技术-变温变压吸附分离工艺的深度精制,最后所得到的产品总硫含量降低为≤0.1×10^-6g/g,完全达到了食品添加剂二氧化碳的国标要求。该工艺的成功运行为食品级二氧化碳的应用提供了质量上的保证。     

Kinetic separation of carbon dioxide from hydrocarbons using carbon molecular sieve

Experimental results are reported on a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process using carbon molecular sieve (CMS) for the separation of a gas mixture containing carbon dioxide, hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, propane, etc.) and nitrogen. This PSA process has direct applications in carbon dioxide removal or purification from landfill gas, natural gas processing plants and tertiary oil recovery effluent streams. The CMS-based PSA process separates the carbon dioxide in a single stage by using the differences in component diffusivities. This approach, therefore, provides a significant advantage compared to conventional equilibrium adsorption processes which require one separation stage for removing components such as ethane and propane that are more strongly adsorbed than carbon dioxide and another separation stage for removing components such as methane and nitrogen that are less strongly adsorbed than carbon dioxide. The CMS-based PSA process operates between a feed pressure of 20 to 40 bars and a regeneration pressure of 1.5 bars at ambient temperature and produces a 98+% carbon dioxide product. The PSA process can be integrated with a liquid carbon dioxide plant to produce food grade product.     

Adsorption of carbon dioxide, ethane, and methane on titanosilicate type molecular sieves

The separation of carbon dioxide from light hydrocarbons is a vital step in multiple industrial processes that could be achieved by pressure swing adsorption (PSA), if appropriate adsorbents could be identified. To compare candidate PSA adsorbents, carbon dioxide, methane, and ethane adsorption isotherms were measured for cation exchanged forms of the titanosilicate molecular sieves ETS-10, ETS-4, and RPZ. Mixed cation forms, such as Ba/H-ETS-10, may offer appropriate stability, selectivity, and swing capacity to be utilized as adsorbents in CO₂/CH₄ PSA processes. Certain cation exchanged forms of ETS-4 were found to partially or completely exclude ethane by size, and equivalent RPZ materials were observed to exclude both methane and ethane, while allowing carbon dioxide to be substantially adsorbed. Adsorbents such as Ca/H-ETS-4 and Ca/H-RPZ are strong candidates for use in PSA separation processes for both CO₂/C₂H₆ and CO₂/CH₄, potentially replacing current amine scrubber systems.     

Pilot plants of membrane technology in industry: Challenges and key learnings

Membrane technology holds great potential in gas separation applications, especially carbon dioxide capture from industrial processes. To achieve this potential, the outputs from global research endeavours into membrane technologies must be trialled in industrial processes, which requires membrane-based pilot plants. These pilot plants are critical to the commercialization of membrane technology, be it as gas separation membranes or membrane gas-solvent contactors, as failure at the pilot plant level may delay the development of the technology for decades. Here, the author reports on his experience of operating membrane-based pilot plants for gas separation and contactor configurations as part of three industrial carbon capture initiatives: the Mulgrave project, H3 project and Vales Point project. Specifically, the challenges of developing and operating membrane pilot plants are presented, as well as the key learnings on how to successfully manage membrane pilot plants to achieve desired performance outcomes. The purpose is to assist membrane technologists in the carbon capture field to achieve successful outcomes for their technology innovations.     

Adsorption and Desorption of Carbon Dioxide and Nitrogen on Zeolite 5A

The adsorption equilibrium data of CO₂ and N₂ at (303, 333, 363, 393, 423) K ranging 0-1 bar on zeolite 5A is reported. The pressure and temperature range covers the operating pressure in adsorption units for CO₂ capture from power plants. Experimental data were fitted by the multi-site Langmuir model. The adsorbent is much more selective to CO₂: loading at 303 K and 100 kPa is 3.38 mol/kg while loading of N₂ at the same pressure is 0.22 mol/kg. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation was employed to calculate the isosteric enthalpy of adsorption. The fixed-bed adsorption and desorption of carbon dioxide and nitrogen on zeolite 5A pellets has been studied. A model based on the bi-LDF approximation for the mass transfer, taking into account the energy and momentum balances, had been used to describe the adsorption kinetics of carbon dioxide and nitrogen. The model predicted satisfactorily the breakthrough curves obtained with carbon dioxide–nitrogen mixtures. Desorption process (consisting of depressurization, blowdown, and purge) was also performed. Following the feasibility of concentration and capture of carbon dioxide from flue gases by Pressure Swing Adsorption (PSA) process was simulated. A CO₂ recovery of 91.0% with 53.9% purity was obtained using a five-step Skarstrom-type PSA cycle.     

Large‐scale optimization strategies for pressure swing adsorption cycle synthesis

Pressure swing adsorption (PSA) is an efficient method for gas separation and is a potential candidate for carbon dioxide (CO₂) capture from power plants. However, few PSA cycles have been designed for this purpose; the optimal design and operation of PSA cycles for CO₂ capture, as well as other systems, remains a very challenging task. In this study, we present a systematic optimization‐based formulation for the synthesis and design of novel PSA cycles for CO₂ capture in IGCC power plants, which can simultaneously produce hydrogen (H₂) and CO₂ at high purity and high recovery. Here, we apply a superstructure‐based approach to simultaneously determine optimal cycle configurations and design parameters for PSA units. This approach combines automatic differentiation, efficient ODE solvers for the state and sensitivity equations of the PSA model, and state of the art nonlinear programming solvers. Three optimization models are proposed, and two PSA case studies are considered. The first case study considers a binary separation of H₂ and CO₂ at high purity, where specific energy is minimized, whereas the second case study considers a larger five component separation. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 58: 3777–3791, 2012     

膜吸收法烟气脱碳研究进展

介绍了采用膜吸收法进行烟气脱碳过程中膜材料的种类、吸收液的选择以及膜吸收的耦合对脱碳的影响。综述了工艺流程、工艺参数及传质模型对膜吸收过程的影响,指出了膜吸收法烟气脱碳工程应用的经济性及发展方向。     

Control of carbon dioxide solubility in aqueous piperazine

Solubility correlations are of great importance in the design of industrial carbon dioxide capture processes. Nevertheless, the development of this correlations are rarely used in the design of industrial control systems. The main objective of this work is to provide the basis for using solubility correlations in fast dynamic systems for industrial model based control applications.     

碳捕获与封存技术综述

人类活动排放的二氧化碳将导致全球温度上升,从而引发各种灾难。CCS是短期内减缓全球变暖速度的重要手段。文中综述了碳捕获和碳封存的技术方法,以及CCS技术存在的问题。碳捕获分为燃烧前捕获、富氧燃烧捕获和燃烧后捕获。碳封存方式有地址封存、洋封存、矿石碳化、工业利用、生态封存等,其中地质封存是主流方式。     

无机固体吸附剂在二氧化碳捕集应用中的研究进展

随着全球气候变暖,二氧化碳的捕集、利用和封存（CCUS）逐渐成为科学界和工业界的研究热点。CCUS的关键是选择性地从气体混合物中捕集二氧化碳。目前二氧化碳捕集技术包括化学吸收、膜分离、吸附和低温分离等。吸附法是利用吸附剂对不同气体的吸附能力差异来进行二氧化碳捕集。综述了分子筛、介孔二氧化硅、黏土及多孔碳等无机固体吸附剂在二氧化碳捕集应用中的研究进展。对比了不同改性方法对吸附剂吸附二氧化碳性能的影响。从应用角度来看,分子筛、介孔二氧化硅、黏土具有潜在的成本效益,但仍需在工程设计开发方面得以进一步发展,以适用于不同应用需求的二氧化碳捕集。