基于Linux的Beowulf集群的实现

中国科学院等离子体物理研究所是国内从事核聚变研究和托卡马克(Tokamak)实验的主要基地,由于实验研究的需要,有必要建立自己的大型并行计算机系统,进行托卡马克实验的数值模拟等研究课题。文章介绍了在普通PC机上利用Linux操作系统实现基于分布存储结构的Beowul集群系统的方法,同时也介绍了基于消息传递模型(Message Passing Interface,MPI)的并行程序设计方法。     

Phonological patterning in German verse

Summary While numerous tentative conclusions might be drawn from the data presented here, the following generalizations are consistently supported by the results of the Phonological Frames Program: (1) In the iambic pentameter poems analyzed, the poetic style of the late nineteenth-century poet Conrad Ferdinand Meyer is distinguished from the early nineteenth-century poets Goethe, Schlegel, Brentano, and M?rike by a very high coefficient of phonological equivalence in both primary and secondary even frames, as well as a tendency to increase odd-frame equivalence in the second half of the poem. (2) The phonological style of the sonnets by Heinrich Heine contrasts sharply with that of his early nineteenth-century contemporaries and shows a strong similarity to that of C. F. Meyer. Like Meyer, Heine has a higher coefficient of equivalence in primary and secondary even frames, and shows a tendency to increase disruptive equivalences in the second half of the poem. (3) Goethe is distinguished from the other poets by having the least contrast between even and odd frame equivalences, the lowest range of values from one poem to another, the lowest coefficient of equivalence in Primary Frames 1 through 4, and the highest percentage of decrease in Frame 1 equivalences in the second half of the verse line. (4) All poets analyzed show a higher coefficient of phonological equivalence in primary frames than in secondary even frames, even when end-rhyme is excluded from consideration. Conclusions based on the results presented here are of course subject to modification as the investigation is extended to include other verse forms, poets, and periods. The results obtained thus far, however, demonstrate that individual stylistic features which distinguish the work of one poet from another are present on the phonological level as well as the conceptual level of the verse structure. Poetic phonology represents a fertile field for further investigations of style. A condensed version of this paper was presented at the Second InternationalConference on Computers and the Humanities, University of Southern California, April 3–6, 1975.     

Phonological patterning in German verse

While numerous tentative conclusions might be drawn from the data presented here, the following generalizations are consistently supported by the results of the Phonological Frames Program: (1) In the iambic pentameter poems analyzed, the poetic style of the late nineteenth-century poet Conrad Ferdinand Meyer is distinguished from the early nineteenth-century poets Goethe, Schlegel, Brentano, and M?rike by a very high coefficient of phonological equivalence in both primary and secondary even frames, as well as a tendency to increase odd-frame equivalence in the second half of the poem.     

Beowulf集群的手工建立方法及其性能测试

验平台的搭建在平行算法研究的过程中占据十分重要的地位。集群安装一般可借用一定的软件套件,讨论一种完全手工安装配置集群的方法。完全手工集群搭建方法能更好地加深对集群底层机制的理解,对手工组建集群的方法进行详细描述,用一个并行测试程序来测试所组建集群的性能,并与串行算法的性能进行比较。     

基于Beowulf集群的可扩展性模型的研究

可扩展性是衡量并行算法与并行系统匹配程度的一项重要指标.分析了传统的等并行开销计算比评价准则,指出其优缺点.为了适用于基于Beowulf集群的分布式并行计算环境,对传统的等并行开销计算比评价准则进行改进,得到Beowulf环境下的新的可扩展函数.该可扩展函数能够直观地反映基于Beowulf集群的分布式并行系统在机器规模和问题规模扩展时,其性能的扩展特性.用该评价准则分析并论证了编制的并行算法与BeowuIf集群相结合的可扩展性.     

Beowulf并行计算系统的研究与实现

由高档微机或RISC工作站通过高速局域网连接呵成的集群系统的实现，使高性能计算机从研究与应用领域走进普通领域。该文介绍了如何在Linux操作系统下基于分布式存储结构构造一个由普通微机组成的Beowulf并行计算系统的方法。通过编制的并行计算算法对该Beowulf系统进行了并行效率的实际测试，测试结果表明该Beowulf系统具有很高的并行计算效率和并行加速比。     

基于beowulf集群的透明工厂型工业以太网

本文探讨和研究了基于beowulf集群的“透明工厂型”工业以太网的构架以及关键技术,对“透明工厂型工业”以太网的研究和建设提供了一套可行切实的解决方案,对相关的研究具有指导意义.     

Scalable parallel FFT for spectral simulations on a Beowulf cluster

The implementation and performance of the multidimensional Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) on a distributed memory Beowulf cluster is examined. We focus on the three-dimensional (3D) real transform, an essential computational component of Galerkin and pseudo-spectral codes. The approach studied is a 1D domain decomposition algorithm that relies on communication-intensive transpose operation involving P processors. Communication is based upon the standard portable message passing interface (MPI). We show that 1/P scaling for execution time at fixed problem size N³ (i.e., linear speedup) can be obtained provided that (1) the transpose algorithm is optimized for simultaneous block communication by all processors; and (2) communication is arranged for non-overlapping pairwise communication between processors, thus eliminating blocking when standard fast ethernet interconnects are employed. This method provides the basis for implementation of scalable and efficient spectral method computations of hydrodynamic and magneto-hydrodynamic turbulence on Beowulf clusters assembled from standard commodity components. An example is presented using a 3D passive scalar code.     

异构Beowulf系统负载均衡技术的研究与实现

负载均衡技术是并行计算系统的关键技术之一,其主要思想是将计算任务合理分配到各节点,以避免由于某个节点的计算速度慢而导致的整个系统的性能瓶颈.为了使系统达到更优的结果,提出了一种基于MPICH的负载均衡模型.构建了一个异构Beowulf并行计算系统,并且用-个适合异构环境的矩阵分块相乘算法进行了性能测试.实验结果表明,此算法比使用传统的矩阵相乘算法执行效率更高.从而证明了系统能够把计算任务高效合理地分配到各个节点.     

异构Beowulf系统负载均衡技术的研究与实现

负载均衡技术是并行计算系统的关键技术之一,其主要思想是将计算任务合理分配到各节点,以避免由于某个节点的计算速度慢而导致的整个系统的性能瓶颈。为了使系统达到更优的结果,提出了一种基于MPICH的负载均衡模型,构建了一个异构Beawulf并行计算系统,并且用一个适合异构环境的矩阵分块相乘算法进行了性能测试。实验结果表明,此算法比使用传统的矩阵相乘算法执行效率更高。从而证明了系统能够把计算任务高效合理地分配到各个节点。     

基于负载均衡的企业级工业Beowulf集群

针对企业设备升级而导致现有工业设备的大量浪费而提出基于负载均衡的企业级工业Beowulf集群系统的一种低价高性能解决方案,其主要内容包括基于调度均衡器的企业异构Beowulf集群系统构建和动态均衡调度算法的建模与应用,以及整个基于工业异构Beowulf集群集成的拓扑结构研究和分析.     

基于Beowulf机群中改进粒子滤波的3D人体运动跟踪

针对标准的粒子滤波算法在视频三维人体运动跟踪中存在的计算量巨大、粒子退化、跟踪失效而无法同时满足跟踪精度和跟踪实时性要求的问题,提出了基于Beowulf机群中改进的粒子滤波新算法。新算法通过三维人体模型参数的自动初始化、粒子数目和模板的调整来实现跟踪失效的自动恢复,基于任务动态分配策略、低开销通信策略设计的Beowulf机群中的迁移式粒子滤波并行算法克服了粒子退化问题和提高了计算速度。实验结果显示：新方法有效地减轻了粒子退化和跟踪失效问题,降低了计算时间,提高了跟踪精度,能够同时满足三维人体运动跟踪精度和实时性的要求。     

基于BEOWULF的PC集群系统设计及并行编程的研究

介绍了机群的概念,重点介绍了Beowulf集群.在此基础上,构建了Beowulf PC集群,并详细介绍其软硬件的配置.最后,通过对MPI的介绍,结合实例,对系统进行了性能评测.此系统已运用于实际工作中,取得了良好的效果.     

构建基于Windows和MPI的Beowulf并行计算系统

利用普通微机构建并行计算集群(常称为Beowulf系统),能够以低廉的价格获得强大的计算能力。文章介绍了利用16台微机构建一套Beowulf并行计算系统,节点微机上运行Windows2000操作系统,采用MPI(Message-Passing-Interface)的MPICH最新版本:MPICH.NT1.2.3作为并行计算的支撑环境,并以100Mbps高速交换式以太网作为互连网络。通过编制的并行计算程序对该Beowulf系统进行了并行效率的实际测试,测试结果表明该Beowulf系统能够达到非常高的并行加速比和并行效率。