膜生物反应器强化脱氮除磷的研究进展

综述了膜生物反应器强化脱氮除磷的多种工艺,介绍了复合式膜生物反应器强化脱氮除磷以及反硝化聚磷菌脱氮除磷的研究成果,并在此基础上提出了研究方向和应用前景。     

膜生物反应器同步脱氮除磷研究进展

综述了膜生物反应器的同步脱氮除磷工艺,介绍了影响膜生物反应器同步脱氮除磷效率的几个因素,探讨了同步脱氮除磷工艺中同时脱氮除磷的机理,并在此基础上提出了研究方向和应用前景.     

膜生物反应器强化脱氮除磷工艺优化与控制

随着城镇污水排放标准对氮、磷等营养元素的进一步提高,对于传统污水处理工艺来讲是一种挑战.膜生物反应器工艺技术以其独特的优势备受关注,在强化脱氮除磷方面亦表现出优于传统工艺的特点.非传统脱氮除磷的观念的后置反硝化工艺(无外加碳源)在膜生物反应器中得到了应用,并取得良好的去除营养物的效果.从现有的MBR脱氮除磷工艺着手,分析探讨了MBR脱氮除磷工艺研究进展及其应用前景.     

膜生物反应器脱氮除磷技术的研究进展

膜生物反应器(MBR)脱氮除磷技术是一种新型的脱氮除磷技术,在单一好氧膜生物反应器基础上,向与A/O、A2/O和SBR等工艺形式相结合的方向发展。介绍了近年来膜生物反应器在脱氮除磷方面的基本特点、研究现状、存在问题,分析了运行方式、技术参数对处理效果的影响,并指出了膜生物反应器脱氮除磷技术的发展方向。     

污水生物脱氮除磷新技术

首先简单阐述了生物脱氮除磷机理,然后重点介绍了目前几种污水生物处理新技术:厌氧/缺氧/好氧MBR工艺、短程硝化反硝化工艺和倒置A2/O工艺等,最后对污水生物脱氮除磷技术的发展进行了展望,并提出了一些建议。     

新型生物脱氮除磷技术的研究进展

对同时硝化反硝化、短程硝化反硝化、好氧反硝化、厌氧氨氧化及反硝化除磷脱氮等生物脱氮除磷新技术的研究和开发进行综述和讨论,分析了新技术的机理、特点和开发应用的前景.通过与现有的传统生物脱氮除磷工艺进行比较,认为今后应加强对生物脱氮除磷,尤其是反硝化除磷机理更深入的研究,大力开发技术成熟、高效经济又符合我国国情的新工艺.     

两种脱氮除磷工艺在实践中的比较

对生态优势硝化反硝化(Ecologically dominant nitrification and denitrification,ECOSUNIDE)工艺和A2/O工艺在某污水处理厂进行对比试验,结果表明,与A2/O工艺相比,ECOSUNIDE工艺更加高效、经济,特别是在增加脱氮除磷功能的升级改造中具有很好的推广价值.     

城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术的研究进展

评述了近年来城市污水生物脱氮除磷技术的研究进展,重点介绍了生物处理的新方法:ANAMMOX–SHARON组合法、好氧同步脱氮除磷法和倒置A2/O法,并比较了各种工艺的优缺点。指出反硝化聚磷技术在倒置A2/O工艺中的应用将成为城市污水同步脱氮除磷研究的一个重要发展方向。     

不同C/N对气升式内循环膜反应器的脱氮除磷的影响

提出了一种新型的气升式内循环膜反应器的设计构想,利用曝气来实现混合液在厌氧区和好氧区的循环,采用变液位间歇交换模式在厌氧区创造厌氧、缺氧交替环境,通过加强反硝化除磷过程实现污水同步脱氮除磷。对气升式内循环膜反应器进行了初步的研究,考察了不同m(C)/m(N)对脱氮除磷的影响。结果表明,在高的m(C)/m(N)(有机碳源和无机氨氮的质量比)条件下,TN、COD和PO43--P的去除率可以分别达到85%、95%和95%,该反应器需要高含量的碳源;在周期试验表明该反应器中具有反硝化聚磷菌,并且了解到了TN、COD和PO43--P等污染物的去除过程。     

污泥膨胀对膜生物反应器脱氮除磷效果的影响

膜生物反应器以其用膜取代常规活性污泥法中二沉池的突出优点迅速成为污水处理的新发展方向.研究了污泥膨胀时,膜生物反应器脱氮除磷的效果.分别对比了在正常情况下和污泥膨胀时,膜生物反应器对CODCr氨氮、TN、TP的去除率.试验结果表明:发生污泥膨胀后,对CODCr的去除率提高到96.51%,而对氨氮、TN、TP的去除率分别为75.9%、39.8%、19.7%,均有不同程度的下降.     

A2O工艺中反硝化除磷及过量曝气对生物除磷的影响

如何有效提高城市污水厂除磷效率一直是研究的热点,而反硝化除磷菌可以在碳源不足的条件下,通过“一碳两用”的方式同时实现反硝化脱氮和吸磷作用,是一种新型高效的技术.试验以啤酒废水为研究对象,验证了厌氧-缺氧-好氧（A²O）工艺中反硝化除磷现象的存在及其对系统脱氮除磷的影响.试验结果表明,A²O系统稳定运行时,反硝化聚磷菌在缺氧区可利用在厌氧段储存的PHB大量吸磷,同时氮也得到去除,计算表明缺氧除磷量可占厌氧总释磷量的71.3%,另外可节约曝气能耗25%.无论系统进水COD浓度从200 mg•L^-1变化为400 mg•L^-1,COD、总氮和总磷去除率总能保持较高水平,平均出水总氮和总磷浓度分别小于10 mg•L^-1和0.30 mg•L^-1.另外发现,过量曝气对系统除磷具有明显的影响,导致除磷效率降低,甚至会产生不吸磷现象,系统需要经过约一个污泥龄时间才能恢复其吸磷能力,所以应加强系统曝气的控制.     

Simultaneous removal of carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater by coupling two-step anaerobic digestion with a sequencing batch reactor

The objective of this study was to develop an integrated process for simultaneous removal of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus from industrial wastewaters. The process consisted of a-two step anaerobic digestion reactor, for carbon removal, coupled with a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for nutrient removal. In the proposed process, carbon is eliminated into biogas by anaerobic digestion: acidogenesis and methanogenesis. The volatile fatty acids (VFA) produced during the first step of anaerobic digestion can be used as electron donors for both dephosphatation and denitrification. In the third reactor (SBR) dephosphatation and nitrification are induced through the application of an anaerobic–aerobic cycle. This paper describes the first trials and experiments on the SBR and a period of 210 days during which the SBR was connected to the acidogenic and methanogenic reactors. It was shown that nitrification of ammonia took place in the SBR reactor, during the aerobic phase. Furthermore, denitrification and VFA production were achieved together in the acidogenic reactor, when the efflux of nitrates from the SBR reactor was added to the first reactor influx. The proposed process was fed with a synthetic industrial wastewater, the composition of which was: total organic carbon (TOC)=2200 mg dm⁻³, total Kjeldahl nitrogen (TKN)=86 mg dm⁻³, phosphorus under phosphate form (P-PO₄)=20 mg dm⁻³. In these conditions, removals of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus were 98%, 78% and 95% respectively. The results show that the combination of the two-step anaerobic digestion reactor and an SBR reactor is effective for simultaneous carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus removal. Reactor arrangements enabled zones of bacterial populations to exist. Complete denitrification occurred in the acidogenic reactor and hence the anaerobic activity was not reduced or inhibited by the presence of nitrate, thus allowing high TOC removal. Stable phosphorus release and phosphorus uptake took place in the SBR after coupling of the three reactors. A fast-settling compact sludge was generated in the SBR with the operational conditions applied, thus giving good separation of supernatant fluid. The benefits from this process are the saving of (i) an external carbon source for denitrification and phosphorus removal, (ii) a reactor for the denitrification step. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry     

The beneficial role of intermediate clarification in a novel MBR based process for biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal

BACKGROUND: A novel membrane bioreactor (MBR) is described, employing an intermediate clarifier. Unlike the established function of a final clarifier in a conventional biological nutrient removal system, the role of an intermediate clarifier has rarely been studied. Thus, this work focused on explaining the fate of nutrients in the intermediate clarifier, as influenced by the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the preceding anaerobic bioreactor. RESULTS: The system was tested with two different anaerobic/anoxic/aerobic biomass fractions of 0.25/0.25/0.5 (run 1) and 0.15/0.35/0.45 (run 2) using synthetic wastewater. The major findings of the study were that phosphorus (P) removal was affected by the role of the intermediate clarifier. In run 1, P was removed at a rate 0.16 g d⁻¹ in the intermediate clarifier while in run 2, additional P was released at 0.49 g d⁻¹. The nitrogen (N) removal efficiencies were 74 and 75% for runs 1 and 2 respectively, while P removal was 91 and 96%. P uptake by denitrifying phosphate accumulating organisms (DPAOs) accounted for 41–52% of the total uptake in the MBR. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that the intermediate clarifier assisted chemical oxygen demand (COD), N, and P removal. With respect to the fate of P, the intermediate clarifier functioned as an extended anaerobic zone when the HRT of the preceding anaerobic zone was insufficient for P release, and as a pre‐anoxic zone when the anaerobic HRT was adequate for P release. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

A novel nearly plug‐flow membrane bioreactor for enhanced biological nutrient removal

The feasibility of enhanced biological nutrient removal by a new process called nearly plug‐flow membrane bioreactor (NPFMBR) is studied. Results of long‐term observations showed that average removal degrees of (1) chemical oxygen demand (COD), total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) reached 95%, 85%, and 89%, respectively, at the steady operation period. Process success was further corroborated by batch experiments. Data of specific oxygen uptake rates demonstrated the abundance and/or high activities of ammonium oxidation bacteria and nitrite oxidation bacteria in the sludge. Observed specific rates of nitrification, denitrification, phosphorous release/uptake of the sludge were higher than those reported in previous research. Because of the unique flow pattern of sludge and alternant aerobic–anoxic operating conditions in the bioreactor, mass transfer and biotransformation of nutrients were expected to be improved. The NPFMBR could offer a new option for the wider application of MBRs. © 2012 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 46–54, 2013     

反硝化除磷+短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化工艺的深度脱氮除磷效能

为经济高效地去除城市生活污水和硝酸盐废水中的氮磷元素,本研究在厌氧折流板反应器（ABR）和连续搅拌反应器（CSTR）一体式反应器中分别建立了反硝化除磷（DPR）和短程反硝化厌氧氨氧化（PDA）工艺。结果表明,反应器运行185天,在缺氧/厌氧和外加COD/NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{-}-N比仅为0.7条件下,PO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{3}-}-P和TN的去除率高达96.91%和97.75%,最终出水PO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{3}-}-P和TN的浓度低至0.22mg/L和3.30mg/L,意味着该系统极佳的脱氮除磷效果不依赖氧气和有机碳源量。DPR对系统PO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{3}-}-P和TN的去除均占主体部分（99.07%和60.23%）,而PDA对总氮（TN）的去除占比呈现逐渐上升的趋势（4.53%→37.52%）。批次实验表明：①COD（300mg/L）显著抑制DPR菌活性,PO{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{\mathrm{3}-}-P主要是在缺氧状态下以NO{}_{\mathrm{3}}^{-}-N为电子受体,有机物为电子供体通过DPR途径去除;②高效短程反硝化过程（亚硝酸转化率92.25%）稳定为厌氧氨氧化供给电子受体（NO{}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-}-N）,DPR系统剩余NH{}_{\mathrm{4}}^{+}-N主要被NO{}_{\mathrm{2}}^{-}-N氧化去除,因此DPR+PDA系统实现了高效同步脱氮除磷效果。高通量测序表明,Accumulibacter（7.41%）是DPR系统功能性除磷菌,Thauera（7.24%）和Candidatus Brocadia（3.12%）为PDA系统关键脱氮菌。     

移动床生物膜反应器脱氮除磷技术

本文简要介绍了移动床生物膜反应器的特点,总结了移动床生物膜反应器脱氮和除磷的影响因素,指出序批式的运行方式可以同时达到脱氮和除磷的效果。     

Modeling biological nutrient removal in a liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed bioreactor

BACKGROUND: Both laboratory‐scale and pilot‐scale liquid–solid circulating fluidized bed (LSCFB) bioreactors have demonstrated excellent biological nutrient removal (BNR) from municipal wastewater. In this study, a model for the LSCFB for biological nutrient removal has been developed, calibrated, and validated using pilot‐scale experimental results. RESULTS: An efficient reactor arrangement predicted anoxic–anaerobic and aerobic biofilm thicknesses of 150–400 and 70–175 µm in the riser and downer, respectively. Furthermore, distribution of chemical oxygen demand (COD), NH₄‐N, NO_X‐N, and dissolved oxygen in the biofilm, as well as nutrients removed in the aerobic and anoxic zones, reflect nitrification, denitrification and enhanced biological phosphorus removal in the LSCFB. The model predicted both anoxic effluent and final effluent COD, SCOD, SBOD, NH₄‐N, NO₃‐N, TKN, TN, PO₄‐P, and TP were within the 95% confidence intervals of the experimental data. Model‐predicted simultaneous nitrification/denitrification occurring in the aerobic downer. CONCLUSION: This model developed for LSCFB using the AQUIFAS biofilm diffusion model successfully evaluated the process performance. It is an efficient tool for further research, design, and optimization of the fixed film bioreactor. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

A/O摇动床石化废水生物脱氮

摇动床反应器是由日本NET株式会社研发的一种新型的附着生长污水处理工艺,本文将A/O法应用到摇动床反应器中,研究了A/O摇动床对石化废水的生物脱氮效果,考察了硝化液回流比和进水负荷对脱氮效果的影响.实验结果表明,A/O摇动床对石化废水具有较好的脱氮效果,在进水COD浓度、NH⁺₄-N浓度、硝化液回流比和水力停留时间分别为400～600 mg•L^-1、20～40 mg•L^-1、2.5和26.1 h时,出水COD、NH⁺₄-N和TN浓度小于40 mg•L^-1、1.0 mg•L^-1、7.0 mg•L^-1,COD去除率、硝化率和反硝化率分别达到90%、95%和70%.