还原铬渣做水泥混合材

从理论和实践两个方面阐述了还原铬渣做水泥混合材的可行性。研究对比了掺加还原铬渣前后两种水泥制品的各种性能指标，得出了还原铬渣替代水泥混合材的最佳掺加量。结果表明，还原铬渣掺加量为水泥总质量的3％时，各项数值均符合GBl75—1999标准。水泥制品溶出的六价铬远远小于废水最大允许排放量。     

热解解毒铬渣处理水中磷酸盐的应用

采用600℃和800℃下的两种热解解毒铬渣处理模拟含磷废水,研究了最佳反应条件,并探讨了解毒铬渣除磷的机理。结果表明,热解解毒后铬渣的浸出毒性大幅降低,当磷浓度为50 mg/L时,选择投加量为2.5 g/L,振荡接触时间为2 h。磷分级试验结果表明,解毒铬渣除磷机理主要是溶出金属离子的沉淀作用,从铬渣中溶出的Ca~(2+)含量和平衡溶液pH值对除磷效率有较大影响,铬渣在碱性条件下处理效果较好,适宜处理中性和碱性含磷废水。     

高铁低铬碱性砖的特点及在水泥窑烧成带的应用

水泥窑烧成带用高铁低铬碱性砖最早由德国雷法公司研制生产，并销往世界１４０多个国家。这种碱性砖的商品牌号为PERILEX８３。PX８３在我国大型新型干法水泥窑上使用已取得了良好的效果。１PX８３的主要特点PX８３的主要性能指标、实测数据以及奥镁公司ANKRAL－S６５，日本旭硝子公司BDS－７０，国产DMC－９直接结合镁铬砖的各项性能（见表１）。１．１理化性能１．２性能特点与分析从PX８３砖的化学成分看，其最主要的特点是在低CaO、低SiO２的基础上，采用高铁低铬。而奥镁公司的ANKRAL－S６５则是在更低的CaO、SiO２…     

高掺量铬渣环保瓷质砖制备工艺研究

为了达到大量处置有害固体废料铬渣、控制污染的目标,以铬渣为主要原料,配入高可塑性黑泥和钠长石,研制了一种性能优于国家标准、烧成温度为1220℃、吸水率为0．1％（质量分数）的瓷质砖。所选最优坯料配方中的铬渣添加质量分数达60％。经检测瓷质砖水浸出液总铬（三氧化二铬和六价铬）含量为2．913mg／kg,低于国家标准控制值,实现了对有害固体废料铬渣的资源化、减量化、无害化处理。     

铬渣危害和治理方法研究

铬渣是有毒危险废物，全国年排出60万吨，已堆存600万吨，分散于我国人口稠密区域80余处，渣堆中有毒Cr^6＋随雨水进入土壤和地下水，已污染上千万亩土地和大量地下水，严重制约铬盐工业的发展。七十年代开始，全国已安排铬渣治理课题数十项，致力于找到一种有效、经济、实用的治理方法，但铬渣堆存量仍在逐年增加。铬渣混凝土骨料方法治理铬渣，除毒彻底、可靠，工艺简单，吃渣量大，生产成本低廉，可以在数年内铲除堆存的全部铬渣。     

大掺量工业废渣生产普硅水泥的研究

在水泥生产过程中,大掺量、高效地利用工业废渣生产高质量的水泥,是实现节能减排的重要途径之一。本研究是利用工业废渣煤矸石、磷渣、锰渣、液态渣代替粘土生产普通硅酸盐水泥的试验。结果表明在水泥生产中工业废渣的掺量超过50％,其3d抗压强度达32．1MPa,28d达58．6MPa,用此种工艺可生产525R早强水泥。     

高铬合金制砖模板

目前，耐火砖坯成型用模板一般使用２０Ｃｒ渗碳板、１６Ｍｎ渗碳板、渗硼板和高铬合金铸造模板，其经济指标比较见表１。表１　经济指标比较项　目高铬合金模板渗硼板渗碳板２０Ｃｒ板１６Ｍｎ板每套板重量／ｋｇ３２．４１９．４１９．４１７．４每套板成本／元２０００４６５．６３１０．４２６７每吨砖坯消耗／元５．４１４．１２０．７３８．１鞍山市奥鞍耐火材料厂应用高铬合金铸造模板在３００ｔ压砖机上压制镁铬砖坯（含Ｃｒ２Ｏ３８％）及镁砖坯，为俄罗斯、英国出口砖，砖型号为ＸＭ－１、ＸＭ－４、ＸＭ－８、ＸＭ－２４等规格（…     

化学添加剂对磷渣活性的激发效果研究

在水泥体系下研究了磷渣的粉磨特性和化学外加剂对磷渣的活性激发效果。研究表明：三乙醇胺具有明显的助磨和活性增强作用，其较佳掺量为磷渣的0．05％，在此基础上，复配掺加NaCl、FeCl3、Na2SiO3、Na3SO4、NaNO3等化学外加剂，也能产生早强作用，其中尤以NaCl的作用效果最为明显．其较佳掺量为磷渣的2．0%。     

高掺量粉煤灰压制烧结砖中间试验

对高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖的原材料，配比，成型压力，成型密度和烧成温度对砖强度的影响进行了分析研究；并对砖坯泥料在不同压砖机上进行了多次压砖实验。表明：粉煤灰与黄土的比例如７０％～８０％：３０％～２０％为宜，且７０：３０时最佳，所用粉煤灰的粒度＜０．５ｍｍ、含量应＞９０％。对高掺量粉煤灰烧结砖来说，太原产ＹＺ４２５型杠杆式压砖机目前比较适合；砖坯成型后的单位重为２．５～２．６ｋｇ／块，（密度１．７１～１．８ｇ／ｃｍ３）在适当的温度下烧成能得到符合要求的产品。     

煤矸石粉制备混凝土用复合掺合料的性能研究

用煤矸石粉部分替代粉煤灰制备混凝土用复合矿物掺合料,通过正交实验研究煤矸石粉、粉煤灰、磷渣掺量对受检胶砂抗折强度、抗压强度、活性指数和抗压强度增长比的影响。结果表明：由于火山灰效应和微集料效应,煤矸石粉、粉煤灰、磷渣对水泥的水化存在较强相互作用,设计配合比适宜时,受检胶砂的7和28 d活性指数及强度增长比均达到普通Ⅲ级复合矿物掺合料指标要求,表明用煤矸石粉部分替代粉煤灰制备混凝土用复合矿物掺合料完全可行,最优方案为煤矸石粉掺量25.0%、粉煤灰掺量62.5%、磷渣掺量12.5%。     

水泥工业用无铬碱性砖的发展情况

消除铬公害和在水泥窑内应用代用燃料促使白云石砖、尖晶石砖和镁锆砖组成的系列无铬碱性砖成功地替代着镁铬砖。当前无铬碱性砖还在不断开发和更新之中。     

活化煤矸石基免烧砖胶凝性能的研究

对六盘水矿区煤矸石原粉组成进行分析,测定了煤矸石原粉和活化煤矸石粉制备免烧砖的胶凝性能,系统地研究了机械、热、化学及复合活化方式对原状煤矸石活性激发作用。研究表明,六盘水矿区煤矸石属于高铁高砂型煤矸石,活化煤矸石能够显著提高煤矸石基免烧砖的胶凝性能,复合活化效果优于单一活化方式,复合活化的煤矸石能够大幅度地提高免烧砖的胶凝性能,达到JC/T422-91(96)《非烧结普通黏土砖》MU15的标准。     

水泥窑用优质镁铬砖的试制与生产

以烧结好的中档镁砂作骨料，普通电熔镁砂作细粉，同时控制普通铬矿的临界粒度为２ｍｍ可以生产出优质镁铬砖，其技术指标达到或接近直接结合镁铬砖，且生产工艺简单，成本低，便于生产     

不同激发剂对煤矸石基免烧砖性能的影响

以六盘水矿区煤矸石为主要原料制备煤矸石基免烧砖.为进一步提高免烧砖的强度,研究了不同激发剂( CaO 、CaO-Na SO4、CaO-CaCl2)对免烧砖性能的影响.研究结果表明,煤矸石基免烧砖强度在激发剂CaO-Na2 SO4的激发作用下有显著提高,最佳掺量为8％ CaO、2％ NaSO4.免烧砖各项性能满足JC/T422-91 (96)《非烧结普通粘土砖》MU15标准要求.这为六盘水煤矸石的开发利用提供了一种技术途径.     

镁锆砖和镁铬砖的抗RH炉渣侵蚀性对比

为取代RH炉用镁铬材料,以电熔镁砂为主原料,分别加入单斜锆、脱硅锆、单斜锆与脱硅锆的混合粉、锆英石制备了ZrO2质量分数分别为15%和20%的镁锆砖,并利用静态坩埚法对比研究了镁锆砖和镁铬砖的抗RH炉渣侵蚀性。结果表明:对于Al2O3含量高且碱度(CaO/SiO2比)大的RH炉渣,镁锆砖抗侵蚀性能优于镁铬砖的;镁锆砖的侵蚀机理是砖中的ZrO2与渣中的CaO迅速反应,形成高熔点物相CaZrO3,能堵塞砖中的孔隙而形成致密保护层,从而阻止钢渣对镁锆砖的进一步侵蚀;而镁铬砖的侵蚀机理是渣中的Al2O3、Fe2O3等R3 和镁铬尖晶石中Cr3 交换,渣与砖反应生成的镁铝尖晶石和镁铁尖晶石使得材料变性,同时由于体积效应使镁铬材料鼓胀开裂,从而导致镁铬砖的严重侵蚀。     

Chemical corrosion mechanisms of magnesia–chromite and chrome-free refractory bricks by copper metal and anode slag

The penetration and corrosion resistance to copper and anode slag of six magnesia–chromite and six chrome-free refractory brick types were tested using static finger tests at a typical copper-refining temperature (1300 °C). The microstructures of the as-delivered and tested refractory types were investigated by means of electron-probe micro-analysis (EPMA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that the overall wear rate of the fingers was very low, with the exception of the alumina-based brick made of fused corundum and magnesia–alumina spinel, and the magnesia-based brick made of sintered magnesia and zircon addition. In all refractory types new phases were formed as a result of slag-refractory interactions. Apart from the samples recovered from the copper zone of the latest generation of direct-bonded magnesia–chromite bricks, all the rest were completely infiltrated by copper and slag components (copper oxide, iron oxide, alumina and silica). However, the amount of infiltrated liquid in the chrome-free types was higher than in the magnesia–chromite bricks. Explanations are provided for the distinct infiltration behaviour. The results show that economically viable chrome-free refractory alternatives are still elusive for anode furnace linings.     

成型方式对石英砂烧结砖性能的影响研究

利用低品位石英砂制备高性能石英砂烧结砖,通过对原料和砖体物相分析、砖体的显微结构分析以及砖体的物理性能分析,研究了成型方式对砖体性能的影响。结果表明:等静压成型的压力比手压成型的大得多,使得坯体内部气孔数量少且孔径小,有利烧结。等静压成型所制备的砖体抗压强度(34.8MPa)比可塑(手压)成型的砖体抗压强度(19.5MPa)高得多,但与烧结砖的国家标准相比,两种成型方式的烧结砖各种性能都达到标准。     

Characterization of ceramic bricks incorporated with textile laundry sludge

Solidification/stabilization (S/S) treatment of wastes is a suitable alternative to immobilize contaminants within a chosen material. This work proposes the mixing of textile laundry wastewater sludge with clay in order to produce bricks for civil construction. The applied sludge and clay were previously characterized in terms of their composition, microstructure and thermal behavior. Ceramic bricks were fabricated with different quantities of textile laundry sludge and they were evaluated in terms of their mechanical characteristics, besides environmental issues verified through leaching and solubilization tests. The obtained results showed that sludge can be incorporate until a concentration of 20% (mass basis) producing suitable bricks in terms of its mechanical properties. Besides, the produced brick are safe and inert according to the applied leaching and solubilization tests.     

HIGH TEMPERATURE LOAD AND FUSION TESTS OF FIRE BRICK FROM THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST IN COMPARISON WITH OTHER WELL-KNOWN FIRE BRICK1

Seventeen samples of fire-clay brick from the Pacific Northwest have been tested with twenty-seven other commercial brands of fire clay, silica, magnesia, chromite, zirconia, diaspore, silicon carbide and crystalline alumina, as well as china clay and crystalline sillimanite products made at the University of Washington. The tests show that the fire-clay brick of the Pacific Northwest vary considerably in quality. According to the high temperature load test, the majority of the local brick are among the upper grades, some are to be classed with the best fire-clay brick and one equal to the best diaspore brick. The brick tested is not the best which can be made from Pacific Northwest materials, for the kaolins in eastern Washington and northwestern Idaho give opportunity for the production of an all-kaolin fire brick. A method is suggested for testing super-refractory materials under load at high temperatures similar to the standard load test for fire clay and silica brick except that the temperatures are measured by cones, and are raised until 10% linear deformation of the brick is obtained. The rate of heating and soaking varies with the brick under test, and the principles learned from the cone fusion test are used in the application of heat. A numerical value, expressing the area under the cone-shrinkage curve, affords an easy method for comparing the high temperature load resistance of various refractories. The brick which are best able to resist deformation at high temperatures are composed of crystalline materials which have developed a recrystallized bond of the same composition. These are crystalline silica, silicon carbide, corundum and sillimanite, and they resist deformation at temperatures close to their melting points. Amorphous materials like fire clay, diaspore, bauxite or even the very refractory crystalline materials lie chromite and periclase, which depend on amorphous silicates for a bond or are contaminated with silicate impurities. will fail with the softening of the bond of the amorphous impurities. The cone fusion of the brick as a whole can not be depended upon to indicate the resistance to load at high temperatures.     

再生镁碳砖的性能、使用和质量控制

对再生镁碳砖和宝钢钢包渣线用新镁碳砖的性能指标、断面结构和使用效果进行了对比和分析,对提高再生镁碳砖质量和质量稳定性的措施进行了概括。结果表明:1)通过对拆炉、分拣、除杂、除渣、堆放和均化等每一环节的科学、细致、严格的管理,可以生产出优质的再生镁碳质原料;2)使用优质再生料,采用合理的生产工艺,可以生产出性能指标和使用效果达到甚至超过新镁碳砖的再生镁碳砖;3)再生镁碳砖使用效果好的原因是其致密度高,抗氧化性好,组织结构合理。