Effect of frictions on cross section quality of thin-walled tube NC bending

1 Introduction Thin-walled tube bending parts have been increasingly used in many industry fields such as aviation, aerospace and automobile for their easy satisfaction in light weight, high strength and low consuming. The numerical controlled(NC) rotar…     

薄壁管小弯曲半径数控绕弯成形芯模效用的实验研究

薄壁管数控弯曲中带芯头的柔性芯模是提高薄壁管件成形极限和成形精度的关键因素。文章建立了绕弯过程芯模(包括芯棒和芯头)的理论解析模型,包括了芯模直径d、芯棒伸出量e、芯头个数n、芯头厚度k、芯棒/芯头孔心间距p及芯棒圆角半径r等参数的选取公式的推导,获得了不同弯曲规格下的芯模参数取值范围,验证了解析模型的合理性;实验研究了芯模参数对管材失稳起皱、壁厚减薄和截面畸变的影响规律。通过分段抽芯的工艺方法,完成了38mm×1mm×38mm(1D)高难度不锈钢管件的弯曲。     

铝合金大口径薄壁管数控弯曲实验研究

铝合金大口径薄壁管小弯曲半径数控弯曲成形过程中更容易发生起皱、截面畸变和壁厚减薄等缺陷。文章根据成形缺陷产生的原因对弯管模具结构和设备装置进行了改进,包括模具内锁设计、紧凑型柔性芯棒、模具并紧杆和长内衬顶推。在此基础上,采用实验研究方法,对Φ70mm×1.5mm×105mm(外径×壁厚×弯曲半径)的大口径薄壁铝合金管数控弯曲成形质量及应变规律进行了分析,并研究了顶推装置在大口径薄壁铝合金管数控弯曲成形中的效用。     

Springback of thin-walled tube NC precision bending and its numerical simulation

The springback is one of the key factors which affect the forming quality of thin-walled tube NC precision bending. The elastic-plastic finite element method was proposed to study the springback process of thin-walled tube NC precision bending and the combination of dynamic explicit algorithm and the static implicit algorithm was proposed to solve the whole process of thin-walled tube NC precision bending. Then, the 3D elastic-plastic finite element model was established based on the DYNAFORM platform, and the model was verified to be reasonable. At last, the springback rule of thin-walled tube NC precision bending and the effect of geometry and material parameters on the springback rule of thin-walled tube NC precision bending were studied, which is useful to controlling the springback of thin-walled tube NC precision bending, and the numerical simulation method can be used to study other effect of parameters on the forming quality of thin-walled tube NC precision bending.     

薄壁矩形管弯曲过程截面畸变的三维有限元分析

薄壁矩形管的弯曲成形是一个受材料性能和工艺参数等诸多因素交互作用的复杂成形过程,在弯曲过程中极易产生截面畸变等缺陷,导致成形质量难以达到要求。为此,文章提出了薄壁矩形管弯曲成形过程截面畸变的描述方法,并基于ABAQUS/Explicit软件平台,从截面形状变化、截面畸变量大小和弯曲过程中的能量变化等方面,研究了芯棒与管坯间隙和管坯与防皱块之间的摩擦对截面畸变的影响规律。该研究对薄壁矩形管弯曲过程工艺参数的选取,提供了理论依据。     

基于数值模拟的薄壁管冷弯成形工艺研究

薄壁管冷弯成形过程中最常见的缺陷有管坯内侧失稳起皱、外侧减薄破裂,为获得质量良好的某车用水冷管接头冷弯件,采用数值模拟方法分别研究了芯棒伸出量e、防皱块与管坯间隙c以及芯棒直径d等工艺参数对冷弯成形质量的影响.结果表明:随着芯棒伸出量e增大,管坯外侧壁厚减薄率γ增大,管坯内侧起皱趋势先减小再增大;随着管坯与防皱块的间隙...     

基于显著性的薄壁铝合金管小弯曲半径数控弯曲工艺参数优化(英文)

薄壁铝合金管小弯曲半径数控弯曲是个多因素耦合、多模具约束下的复杂过程。提出以有限元模拟为基础,基于显著性的工艺参数优化方法,即采用析因因子设计分析工艺参数对成形质量,即最大壁厚减薄率和最大截面畸变变化率影响的显著性,获得影响显著的参数,即管与防皱模间间隙的最优值,并确定其他影响不显著的参数值,包括管与模具间的间隙和摩擦、芯棒伸出量和助推速度。结果应用于规格为d50mm×1mm×75mm和d70mm×1.5mm×105mm(管外径D0×管壁厚t0×弯曲半径R)的铝合金管弯曲,获得了合格的管件。     

Role of mandrel in NC precision bending process of thin-walled tube

The thin-walled tube NC bending process is a much complex physical process with multi-factors coupling interactive effects. The mandrel is the key to improve bending limit and to achieve high quality. In this study, one analytical model of the mandrel (including mandrel shank and balls) has been established and some reference formulas have been deduced in order to select the mandrel parameters preliminarily, i.e. mandrel diameter d, mandrel extension e, number of balls n, thickness of balls k, space length between balls p and nose radius r. The experiment has been carried out to verify the analytical model. Based on the above analysis, a 3D elastic–plastic FEM model of the NC bending process is established using the dynamic explicit FEM code ABAQUS/Explicit. Thus, the influences of mandrel on stress distribution during the bending process have been investigated, and then the role of the mandrel in the NC precision bending process such as wrinkling prevention has been revealed. The results show the following: (1) Wrinkling in the tube NC bending process is conditional on membrane biaxial compressive stress state; the smaller the difference between the biaxial membrane stresses is, the more possibility of wrinkling occurs. (2) If the mandrels of larger sizes are used, it will cause the neutral axial to move outward and the difference between the in-plane compressive stresses to become more obvious, which may increase minimum wrinkling energy and anti-wrinkling ability. But the larger mandrel sizes make outside tube over-thinning. (3) When the mandrel extension length increases, the neutral axial will move outward and the difference between the biaxial compressive stresses becomes larger, but the significance is less than that of the mandrel diameter. The excessive extension will cause tube to over thin or even crack. (4) The significance of ball number's effect on the neutral axial position and difference between biaxial compressive stresses is between ones of mandrel diameter and mandrel extension. Increasing the ball number will enhance the thinning degree and manufacturing cost. The results may help to better understanding of mandrel role on the improvement of forming limit and forming quality in the process.     

Effects of process parameters on numerical control bending process for large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes

Numerical control(NC) bending experiments with different process parameters were carried out for 5052O aluminum alloy tubes with outer diameter of 70 mm, wall thickness of 1.5 mm, and centerline bending radius of 105 mm. And the effects of process parameters on tube wall thinning and cross section distortion were investigated. Meanwhile, acceptable bending of the 5052O aluminum tubes was accomplished based on the above experiments. The results show that the effects of process parameters on bending process for large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes are similar to those for small diameter thin-walled tubes, but the forming quality of the large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes is much more sensitive to the process parameters and thus it is more difficult to form.     

材料性能波动下高强TA18钛管绕弯过程截面畸变行为分析

为了研究材料性能参数对管材数控绕弯过程截面畸变的影响规律及敏感性大小,基于ABAQUS非线性有限元平台,建立了高强TA18钛管数控绕弯成形过程有限元模型,并通过文献中的实验结果验证了模型的可靠性,然后采用该模型模拟研究了材料性能波动下高强TA18钛管数控绕弯成形过程的截面畸变行为。结果表明:截面畸变率随着弹性模量、硬化指数的增加或强度系数、厚向异性指数的减小而减小,其减小率分别为11.76%,23.67%,12.07%和23.51%;不同材料性能参数波动下,高强TA18钛管绕弯过程截面畸变率的最大值均小于4.00%,并且在弯曲平面附近,截面畸变率出现负值;截面畸变率对材料性能参数的敏感性大小依次为强度系数、弹性模量、硬化指数和厚向异性指数。     

芯管间隙对JAC590Y高强钢矩形管绕弯成形质量的影响

为了判断JAC590Y高强钢矩形管180°绕弯时芯棒与管坯之间的间隙大小对弯管成形质量的影响,基于Dynaform软件对4种芯管间隙下JAC590Y高强钢薄壁矩形管的绕弯成形分别进行了模拟,得出了不同芯管间隙值下弯管的主要畸变参数。结果表明:在芯管间隙处于一定范围内时,弯管的宽度扩展率受芯管间隙值的影响很小,而中面高度缩减率会随着芯管间隙的增大而变大;弯管上最大的壁厚减薄率出现于紧邻距芯棒最远芯头的横截面上顶板与两侧板的交角处,选取较大的芯管间隙有助于降低弯管的最大壁厚减薄率;JAC590Y高强钢薄壁矩形管180°绕弯成形时芯管间隙率的合理范围为0. 01~0. 025。     

薄壁管数控弯曲截面畸变的实验研究

截面畸变是薄壁管小弯曲半径数控弯曲成形容易出现的成形缺陷之一。文章采用实验法,研究了芯头个数、芯棒伸出量、弯曲角度、压块润滑状态、相对弯曲半径、材料等因素对截面畸变的影响;并提出了减小截面畸变的有效措施。结果表明,增加芯头个数与芯棒伸长量都能减小弯管的截面畸变,但两者都导致弯管壁厚减薄量增大;随着弯曲角度的增加,截面畸变越严重,相对弯曲半径越小,无芯棒与芯头支撑段弯管的截面畸变愈严重;在压块无润滑情况下,弯管的截面畸变和壁厚减薄量都小,并且在同等弯曲条件下,1Cr18Ni9Ti弯管的截面畸变小于LF2M弯管。     

薄壁管纯弯曲塑性成形分析及回弹计算

回弹是薄壁管数控弯曲常见的质量缺陷。文章基于薄壁管弯曲变形微体受力分析,建立了薄壁管圆周方向上力的平衡微分方程和切向应力在薄壁管横截面上的分布函数。由此可确定中性层的位置,求出外加弯矩,并用虚功原理解得回弹角度。论文针对不同几何参数的薄壁管进行了数控弯曲实验,分析了弯曲角度和相对弯曲半径对回弹角度的影响规律,并验证了理论计算结果与实验结果基本相符。利用该文介绍的计算方法可在实际弯曲之前计算出回弹补偿量,以提高管件弯曲成形精度。     

Sequential multi-objective optimization of thin-walled aluminum alloy tube bending under various uncertainties

Combining the design of experiments (DOE) and three-dimensional finite element (3D-FE) method, a sequential multi-objective optimization of larger diameter thin-walled (LDTW) Al-alloy tube bending under uncertainties was proposed and implemented based on the deterministic design results. Via the fractional factorial design, the significant noise factors are obtained, viz, variations of tube properties, fluctuations of tube geometries and friction. Using the virtual Taguchi's DOE of inner and outer arrays, considering three major defects, the robust optimization of LDTW Al-alloy tube bending is achieved and validated. For the bending tools, the robust design of mandrel diameter was conducted under the fluctuations of tube properties, friction and tube geometry. For the processing parameters, considering the variations of friction, material properties and manufacture deviation of mandrel, the robust design of mandrel extension length and boosting ratio is realized.     

基于数据库的薄壁管数控弯曲知识库的构建

针对薄壁管数控弯曲生产过程中容易出现各种质量缺陷,需要进行反复调模的问题,文章总结该领域的专家知识,并根据薄壁弯管质量标准、有限元模拟结果和实验结果等大量信息数据,采用基于数据库的技术,研究开发了薄壁管数控弯曲知识库系统。结果表明,该系统可以全程指导数控弯管实际生产过程,迅速有效地供给操作人员专家的建议。     

圆管压扁-压弯连续变形过程有限元模型的建立及截面畸变研究

为研究圆管压扁-压弯连续变形过程中的截面畸变,基于有限元软件ABAQUS建立了该过程的三维有限元模型,并实验验证了其可靠性。分析了圆管压扁过程中的截面变化规律及弯曲下模圆角半径、模具与管材间的摩擦系数对成形过程截面畸变的影响。结果表明,圆管压扁过程中形成扁管直壁部分的材料在外层周向压应力、内层周向拉应力的合力作用下出现塌陷。形成扁管圆弧部分的材料在外层周向拉应力、内层周向压应力的合力作用下出现扁化。在无芯轴、有芯轴压扁成形前期,圆弧部分均出现扁化,且无芯轴压扁成形中期,直壁部分出现塌陷。但有芯轴压扁过程中芯轴的支撑作用不但抑制了直壁部分的塌陷,而且还矫正了成形后期圆弧部分的扁化。由于圆管压扁-压弯过程中模具与管材的接触区域始终不大,因此成形过程中弯曲下模圆角半径,及模具与管材间的摩擦系数,对截面畸变影响不显著。     

薄壁紫铜管弯曲工艺及模具设计

针对制冰设备中薄壁紫铜管的弯曲工艺,在分析其弯曲过程中的应力、应变情况以及产生的各种质量问题的原因后,制订了退火、润滑、弯曲工艺。根据材料变形特点设计了弯管模,并采用反变形槽和弯管芯棒,解决了弯曲过程中内缘起皱、外缘变扁的缺陷。经生产实践证明,工艺过程设计合理,模具结构简单实用,加工的产品质量好,适合小批量生产。     

厚壁结构管件刚模塑性成形过程的数值模拟与工艺研究

基于刚塑性有限元法,忽略了回弹和管坯与模具、芯轴的间隙的影响,建立了简化的有限元模型,对厚壁管压弯、压扁成形过程进行了数值模拟,得到了各场量的分布。根据应力分布结果,对起皱和破裂等缺陷进行分析预测,并根据截面变化情况,研究了芯轴对截面畸变的作用与影响。该研究对厚壁管件弯曲和扁化过程的工艺方法提供了依据。     

模具间隙对薄壁管绕弯成形的影响规律

详细分析了薄壁管绕弯成形过程及其变形特点,基于有限元法对绕弯成形模具芯棒与管坯间隙,压块与管坯间隙,防皱块与管坯间隙以及弯曲凹模与管坯间隙等4个因素与薄壁管成形质量、回弹量的影响显著程度进行了四因素三水平的正交试验分析。结果表明：芯棒与管坯的间隙对成形后薄壁管壁厚及回弹的影响最显著,弯曲凹模与管坯间隙对回弹影响也较显著。     

薄壁管材激光弯曲过程热力耦合有限元分析

管材激光弯曲是一种柔性金属塑性加工方法,特别适合薄壁管材弯曲。文章对大径厚比薄壁管材的激光弯曲过程进行热力耦合有限元分析,建立了管材激光弯曲热力耦合有限元分析模型,并进行实验验证。对于薄壁管材激光弯曲,弯曲内侧局部凸起现象较为严重,激光光斑尺寸对凸起程度有一定影响,但不显著。