FRP加固金属结构研究综述

FRP加固金属结构技术是近年来在工程领域中使用越来越广泛的一种加固方法。在国内外对FRP加固金属结构研究的基础上,归纳和总结了FRP与金属材料的粘贴机理,FRP加固金属受拉构件、受压构件、受弯构件及压弯构件的承载力、稳定性、疲劳性能和滞回性能的研究现状,指出了FRP加固金属结构进一步研究的重点,为后续研究提供参考。     

FRP加强修复金属结构研究概述

近年来,FRP(Fibre Reinforced Polymer)用于加强修复钢结构及铝合金结构取得了较多应用。本文首先总结回顾了钢结构、混凝土结构与FRP粘贴连接节点界面应力的弹性分析方法,然后总结了考虑胶水塑性变形的粘结-滑移分析及不同的强度设计准则。文中还总结了不同受力形式下,钢或铝合金与FRP组合结构构件的受力性能,包括受拉、受弯、受压等工况。已有的试验及有限元方法主要分析了FRP和胶水的材料性质、FRP粘贴位置和范围、胶水层厚度等因素对组合构件的强度和破坏模式的影响,并依据试验结果和理论分析,提出了有效粘贴长度的概念。简要回顾了FRP加固后钢结构或铝合金结构的疲劳性能,以及航空领域和相关领域的研究情况。最后提出了FRP用于加固金属结构的几点待研究或完善的问题。     

FRP加固木梁的受弯性能试验研究

为考察纤维增强复合材料(fiber reinforced plastics/polymer,FRP)对木梁的加固效果,对比分析了3根普通木梁和33根FRP(包括CFRP和GFRP)加固木梁的极限荷载与抗弯刚度等结构性能,并探讨了构件的破坏形态与破坏机理.结果表明:采用FRP对受弯木梁进行加固是有效的,加固的效果与加固的层数、加固层的类型以及加固方式有关.在木梁受拉区设置加固层可有效提高木粱的抗弯承载力,CFRP加固层的加固效果优于GFRP的;木梁受压区设置加固层可有效提高木梁的抗弯承载力,在纯弯区横向设置FRP加固层可增强木梁受压区的性能,有效提高木梁的抗弯承载力,提高的幅度与加固层层数有关;加固层设置于木梁受压区侧部的效果优于设置于木粱受压区顶部.     

FRP加固局部损伤钢压杆的稳定分析

钢结构中存在大量的轴心受力构件,作为承受永久竖向荷载的主要构件,往往是结构加固的重点.采用能量方法,分析各种杆端约束条件下,纤维增强复合材料（FRP）加固局部损伤的轴心受压钢构件在弹性失稳时的弹性屈曲临界力,并建立普遍适用的近似欧拉公式.利用ANSYS通用有限元分析软件分析FRP的厚度对损伤空心圆管临界力的影响并与该公式解析解进行对比.计算结果表明,该公式计算结果可靠,采用纤维增强复合材料加固修复局部损伤的钢结构可以有效恢复其刚度和稳定性.     

纤维增强复合材料加固木梁受弯性能试验研究

对36根纤维增强复合材料(FRP)加固木梁的受弯性能进行研究。详细探讨受载后试件的工作机理和破坏模式。试件的设计参数为FRP的层数、FRP的类型及加固层的位置。分析各设计参数对加固木梁承载力和挠度的影响。试验结果表明,在木梁受拉区布置FRP可有效提高木梁的受弯承载力,受拉区粘贴一层CFRP可提高木梁受弯承载力30.61%。在纯弯区横向布置FRP可增强木梁受压区的性能,有效提高木梁的受弯承载力,提高的幅度与横向FRP层数有关。FRP加固木梁的破坏表现为受压区木纤维褶皱失稳、受拉区木纤维和FRP加固层被拉断。木梁受压区设置FRP加固层对受弯承载力的影响与加固的方式有关,受压区横向缠绕FRP加固效果最好,而沿梁纵向加固的效果并不明显。     

FRP加固SRHC梁界限破坏时抗弯承载力计算

提出FRP(纤维增强复合材料)加固SRHC(钢骨高强混凝土)受弯构件的概念,解决FRP加固后SRHC柱的破坏机理、受力性能问题,提出其界限破坏时的简化抗弯承载力计算公式。在以往FRP加固RC(钢筋混凝土)梁力学性能分析结果的基础上,采用新的叠加方法对FRP加固SRHC梁的受力过程、破坏特征、受力特点进行研究。根据中和轴与钢骨的截面位置不同,建立了相应的抗弯承载力计算方法,并提出了界限破坏时的受压区高度。将受压区高度与钢骨上翼缘至混凝土受压边缘的距离进行比较,以此来确定FRP加固后梁在界限破坏时的不同抗弯承载力的适用公式,给实际应用带来方便。     

FRP片材在混凝土结构加固中的应用

研究了FRP材料的组成及力学特性,分析了FRP加固混凝土的工作原理,通过FRP在混凝土加固工程中的应用,得出FRP复合材料与钢结构相比具有较好的抗腐蚀能力,对混凝土结构进行加固与修复可有效提高工程效率、改善构件受力状况的结论.     

FRP补强加固RC梁粘结破坏机理研究

根据FRP(Fiberreinforcedplastic)补强加固RC梁的试验结果,总结了FRP补强加固钢筋混凝土受弯构件早期破坏形态的过程和特点。FRP加固钢筋混凝土抗弯构件粘结界面的剪应力的分布在纤维截断点处存在较高的应力集中,随着离截断点距离的增大剪应力分布逐渐趋于均匀,粘结锚固长度不足和过高的应力集中是造成FRP加固钢筋混凝土构件早期破坏的主要原因。采用“齿”状块体力学计算模型和混凝土裂缝理论分析了FRP加固钢筋混凝土受弯构件时需要的有效锚固长度,并通过简化修正得出了FRP加固钢筋混凝土受弯构件最小锚固长度的计算公式,提出了FRP的容许应变值和避免FRP早期破坏应采取的措施,可供FRP加固工程设计和施工参考。     

纤维增强复合材料加固混凝土柱研究综述

从纤维增强材料(FRP)约束混凝土柱的本构关系,FRP加固轴心受压和偏心受压构件的影响因素,力学性能、抗震性能等几个方面总结了该加固方法的国内外研究现状,分析了在FRP加同混凝土柱的研究中存在的问题,明确了需进一步开展研究工作的方向.     

FRP加固木梁受弯承载力计算

根据木材受压应力-应变曲线的特点,提出了木梁受压区计算模型.在分析加固木梁各种破坏形式的基础上,运用提出的计算模型,推导了木梁受弯承载力的计算公式.对36根木梁进行了受弯性能试验.结果表明,在木梁受拉区布置纤维增强聚合物FRP(fiber reinforced polymer)可有效提高木梁的受弯承载力,木梁受压区设置FRP加固层对受弯承载力的影响与其加固方式有关.加固木梁受弯承载力计算结果与试验值吻合较好,说明所推导的计算公式可作为木梁加固设计参考.     

利用砂浆填充FRP管对受压钢构件进行加固

介绍提高受压钢构件抗弯性能的加固方法,砂浆填充FRP管套在钢构件外侧,管端采用FRP织物包裹。对18个双向轴对称截面试件进行三轴压缩试验,得到试件的荷载-应变曲线和失效模式,证实其承载能力和延性得到了提高。对试件钢骨截面、长细比及端部包裹FRP织物层的影响进行了研究。结果表明,加固后,失效模式从由于整体屈曲引起的钢构件中部屈服转变为钢构件端部的局部损伤;因此,试件的承载能力提高了44%～215%,延性增加高达877%。细分模型用于加固构件的计算,由此计算出的承载能力与试验结果相符。     

碳纤维加固钢压杆的简化稳定分析

碳纤维加固具有自重轻、抗拉强度高、易施工、耐久性好等优点,被广泛应用于加固钢筋混凝土结构,并开始推广应用于加固钢结构。采用碳纤维加固钢压杆,对其稳定承载力进行简化分析,并推导出加固后钢压杆临界荷载和稳定系数的计算公式。     

Strengthening of ferritic stainless steel tubular structural members using FRP subjected to Two-Flange-Loading

Cold-formed stainless steel tubular structural members which may experience web crippling failure due to localise concentrated loads or reactions are investigated. A series of tests on fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) strengthening of cold-formed stainless steel tubular structural members subjected to End-Two-Flange and Interior-Two-Flange loading conditions is presented. The strengthening only applied to a localise area of the members under concentrated load. A total of 58 web crippling tests were conducted. The investigation mainly focused on the effects of different surface treatment, different adhesive, and FRP for strengthening of stainless steel tubular sections against web crippling. The behaviour of stainless steel members strengthened by different widths of FRP plate against web crippling has been also investigated in this study. The test specimens consisted of ferritic stainless steel EN 1.4003 square and rectangular hollow sections. Two different surface treatments were considered. Furthermore, six different adhesives and six different FRPs were also considered in this study. The properties of adhesive and FRP as well as the bonding between the FRP and stainless steel tube have significant influence on the effectiveness of the strengthening. Most of the strengthened specimens were failed by debonding of FRP plates form the stainless steel tubes. Six different failure modes were observed in the tests, namely the adhesion, cohesion, combination of adhesion and cohesion, interlaminar failure of FRP plate, FRP delaminating failure and web crippling failure. The failure loads, failure modes, and the load-web deformation behaviour of the ferritic stainless steel sections are presented in this study. It was found that the web crippling capacity of ferritic stainless steel tubular sections may increase up to 51% using FRP strengthening.     

Experimental study on CFST members strengthened by CFRP composites under compression

The concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) members become very popular in the construction industry and, at the same time, aging of structures and member deterioration are often reported. The actions like implementation of new materials and strengthening techniques become essential to combat this problem. This research work aimed to investigate the structural improvements of CFST sections with normal strength concrete externally bonded with fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites. For this study, compact mild steel tubes were used with the main variable being FRP characteristics. Carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) fabrics were used as horizontal strips (lateral ties) with several other parameters such as the number of layers, width and spacing of strips. Among thirty specimens, twenty seven were externally bonded with 50 mm width of CFRP strips with a spacing of 20 mm, 30 mm and 40 mm and the remaining three specimens were unbonded. Experiments were undertaken until column failure to fully understand the influence of FRP characteristics on the compressive behaviour of square CFST sections including their failure modes, axial stress–strain behaviour, and load carrying capapcity. From the test results, it was found that the external bonding of CFRP strips provides external confinement pressure effectively and delays the local buckling of steel tube and also improves the load carrying capacity further. Finally, an analytical model was proposed herein for predicting the axial load carrying capacity of strengthened CFST sections under compression.     

FRP加固木结构的研究进展

通过对已有FRP加固木结构研究的总结,分析FRP加固木梁受弯承载力、受剪承载力,木柱受压承载力、徐变性能、延性性能的研究成果,并指出需进一步研究的重点。     

圆管截面两铰圆弧纯压拱的平面外稳定性及设计方法

拱的平面外稳定极限承载力设计一直没有成熟的设计方法及规范指导。通过分析两铰圆管截面圆弧钢拱的平面外弹性屈曲性能,指出Timoshenko未考虑翘曲的经典解与有限元分析结果吻合很好。在弹塑性平面外稳定性分析的基础上,借鉴单轴对称截面轴心受压构件的弯扭屈曲设计方法,提出以面外屈曲荷载对应的正则化长细比为参数进行面外稳定性设计的方法。借鉴我国GB 50017—2003《钢结构设计规范》中柱子曲线的表达式,建立纯压两铰圆管截面圆弧拱稳定承载力的实用计算公式及设计曲线。     

Local buckling of steel plates in rectangular CFT columns with binding bars

This paper presents a theoretical study on the elastic local buckling of steel plates in rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) columns with binding bars under axial compression. It is assumed that the unloaded edges of the steel plate are elastically restrained against rotation, whereas the loaded edges are clamped. Based on the energy method, the formulas for elastic local buckling strength of the steel plate in rectangular CFT columns under axial compression are derived, which are calibrated with the experimental results. Then the formulas are employed to study the elastic local buckling of steel plates in rectangular CFT columns with binding bars under axial compression. It is shown that the binding bars can increase the local buckling coefficient, which results in improvement of the capacity of the steel plate to resist local buckling. Finally, appropriate spacing of binding bars, appropriate limitation for aspect ratio and corresponding appropriate limitation for width-thickness ratio are suggested for rectangular CFT columns with binding bars under axial compression.     

Application of improved hybrid bonded FRP technique to FRP debonding prevention

External bonding of fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) is one of the most efficient techniques for retrofitting and strengthening concrete structures. However, the bond interface is the weakest link in such retrofitted or strengthened concrete members, resulting in premature FRP debonding. Therefore, a newly improved hybrid bonded FRP (IHB-FRP) technique is developed in this paper for strengthening concrete members. Unlike the conventional mechanical fastening method, the mechanical fasteners in the technique do not penetrate the FRP strips and the capping plates serve to apply vertical pressure to the FRP strips. An experimental study on the flexural strength of IHB-FRP technique strengthened beams is conducted. It is found that all the beams strengthened with the IHB-FRP technique fail due to tensile rupture of FRP strips even for seven plies of FRP strips. Based on the experimental results, the effects of the steel reinforcement ratio, the number of FRP plies, and the fastener spacing on the ultimate load are evaluated. Finally, a simplified method is proposed for estimating the ultimate bending moment of the IHB-FRP strengthened beam. The validity of the method is verified with the experimental results.