中小型污水处理厂节能途径及措施探讨

中小型污水处理厂常因能耗太高,运行费用不足,而不能正常运行。针对污水处理典型工艺流程分析了污水处理厂的主要耗能环节,从工艺选择、处理方式、设备选型、曝气器合理布置、运行管理等方面提出了降低污水处理厂能耗的途径和措施。从而为降低中小型污水处理厂的运营成本提供依据。     

我国城镇污水处理厂建设运行现状及存在问题探析

城镇污水处理厂可以将城镇污水进行处理,降低其中污染物质的含量,减少对受纳水体的污染和生态环境的破坏。现阶段,随着城市化进程的深入,城镇的规模不断扩大,人口数量激增,社会生产和生活所排放的污水量显著增加,对城镇污水处理提出了新的要求,因此,需要保证污水处理设备正常运行,并不断提升污水处理效率,保证达标排放。现阶段,污水处理工艺众多,地方政府应根据自身实际情况,科学合理的选择污水处理工艺,使城镇污水得到有效处理。结合我国城镇污水处理厂建设运行现状进行了介绍,对建设运行中存在的问题进行了分析,最后提出了相应的解决策略,为今后相关工作的开展提供借鉴。     

反硝化脱氮在污水深度处理的运行控制要点

工程实践表明,城镇污水处理厂运行的最大难点在于总氮的去除,实现出水达到一级A标准,这给很多污水处理厂带来了巨大挑战。有些水厂为了创造脱氮的反应条件,过量投加碳源,最终导致出水COD的超标。因此研究反硝化脱氮的设计及运行控制要点具有很大必要性。本文针对污水深度处理中总氮的有效去除这一问题,从技术原理、工艺选择、运行参数控制等方面进行阐述,并结合工程实践说明如何对反硝化脱氮工艺进行运行控制。     

浅谈城市污水处理厂的节能

从工程设计、设备选择以及运行管理等几个方面分析讨论了城市污水处理厂的耗能及节能问题，并结合污水处理厂的工艺特点和耗能的实际情况，提出了一些具体的节能措施。     

某AAO工艺污水厂药剂降耗措施和效果分析

随着污水处理厂排放标准的提高,碳源、除磷剂的投加量也逐步增加,药剂费也成为污水处理厂日常运行的重要成本之一.这也迫使各污水处理厂通过工艺优化、药剂比选、技术改造等措施来降低药剂投加量.本文以北京某AAO工艺污水处理厂的工艺优化为例,探讨高排放标准污水厂的药剂降耗措施及效果.     

浅谈污水处理厂两种处理工艺的优劣

污水处理厂是减少水污染的重要工程,能够有效减少工业废水、生活污水的污染物浓度,提高出水的水质,缓解污水对于自然水体的影响。随着环境科学领域的不断发展,越来越多的处理工艺进入污水处理厂,发挥出各自的特点和优势,也存在着不同程度的弱势,需要技术人员根据实际需求进行选择。本文主要从MBR工艺和AAO工艺入手,分析并对比污水处理厂中这两种处理工艺的优劣,希望可以帮助污水处理厂更有效地选择并应用污水处理工艺。     

污水处理厂数字化建模与改造应用研究

工业生产企业因其加工工艺的特殊性及部分生产原料的毒害性,致使其所产生的工业污水往往组分较为复杂,处理难度较大。面对日益严苛的环保政策和企业加大重视力度,对传统污水处理厂的升级改造和提标降本便成为应对环保新形势下的有效路径。借助专业化的污水处理模拟软件Biowin对工业污水处理系统的核心流程进行数字化建模,在计算机中还原处理流程的参数场景,分析和筛选大量运行参数及化验数据。通过对污水处理厂运行工况的模型搭建,并对模型进行验证、模拟和调优,诊断分析污水处理厂在当前运行过程中存在的运行不合理性问题。凭借对污水处理厂臭氧设备的运行优化、曝气风机与溶解氧探头的联动设备改造优化、硝化液回流比优化,实现污水处理厂在达标排放的基础上降低运行成本及能耗,从而进一步提高污水处理厂的安全运行管理水平。     

嘉定区拟用PPP模式建造下沉式污水处理厂

正最近,嘉定区决定与社会资本合作采用PPP模式,建造南翔污水处理厂项目。该项目建设由两个组成部分,南翔污水处理厂工程和南翔污水处理厂污泥处理工程,后者包括新建全地下污水处理厂一座,上部建设景观绿化、科普教育中心和35 kV变电站,总投资l 3.22亿元。南翔污水处理厂污泥处理工程为污泥深度脱水工程,总规模150 t/d。     

城市污水处理厂改良AAO工艺除磷效果影响因素及对策分析

以改良AAO工艺为研究对象,结合海南省某污水处理厂改良型工艺启动与运行调试,分析了污水处理厂实际运行监测数据及影响因素;结合运行中,除磷效果不稳定问题进行详细分析研究,并针对性提出相应的解决方案进行预防,在一定程度上提升了系统的除磷性能,对于水厂的改造和升级具有理论指导意义。     

污水处理厂分布式光伏不同运营模式的经济性分析

污水处理厂作为能耗较高的城市环境基础设施,其电费约占处理成本的1/3,节能降碳需求突出。对近年来分布式光伏应用于市政污水处理厂的激励政策和案例进行梳理,建立了独立运营、合同能源、统一管理三种运营模式下污水处理厂分布式光伏的经济性评估分析方法。结果显示,统一管理模式对污水处理厂分布式光伏项目的推动作用最大,合同能源模式的推动作用其次,独立运营模式对污水处理厂的成本控制要求最高。研究可为污水处理企业选择分布式光伏运营管理模式提供参考。     

晋城北石店区新建城镇污水处理厂工艺选择

晋城北石店区新建城镇污水处理厂采用＂倒置A/A/O＋MBR＋RO＂处理工艺,污水经二级处理后达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》（GB18918-2002）的一级A标准后外排,经深度处理后作为煤制油用水。项目建成后可缓解北石店区水资源的供需矛盾,全面提高该区节能、节水及治污总体水平,促进城市水资源和水环境的可持续发展。     

Biogas Production and Utilization Potential of Wastewater Treatment Sludge

Abstract

Municipal wastewater treatment plants generate sludge as a by-product of the physical, chemical and biological processes used in the treatment of wastewater. Generally, this sludge must be subject to some form of treatment in order to alter its character. By using anaerobic digestion in the treatment of wastewater sludge, methane gas is produced and it is known as biogas. It must not only be seen as a renewable energy source, but even more as one of the promising solutions to the large environmental problem concerning waste handling, water pollution, CO₂ emission, etc. This article presents the biogas generation from wastewater treatment sludge, its energy potential and also its usage in some treatment plants operated in Turkey. Although the estimation of recoverable energy from municipal wastes and sewage is difficult to assess, total recoverable bioenergy potential is estimated as being 16,920 ktoe. Of this, 1,300 ktoe of municipal wastes and sewage whereas biogas production potential is 1.5–2 Mtoe in Turkey.     

火力发电厂锅炉节能监督存在的典型问题及分析

文章通过对全国共计40家300~1 000 MW级火力发电厂锅炉节能技术监督过程中发现的问题进行归类、汇总,从监督网络管理[1]、技术指标问题、技术改造效果等方面分析当前锅炉监督工作开展的情况,并对共性问题提出解决措施。     

Thermal coupling between crude distillation and delayed coking units

The paper presents an industrial case study. Crude distillation unit (CDU) and delayed coking unit (DCU) are important plants in oil refineries, presenting huge energy consumption, especially due to high flowrates of process material streams. Any acceptable solution for energy saving is important in this context. The idea of thermal coupling between these two plants is good as they have potential to exchange energy, but the problem is to choose the most appropriate way to do it. The objective of this work is to present the possibility to exchange energy between the two plants, continuing a previous work [Energy saving by integration of CDU-delayed coke plants, third Conference, Process Integration, Modelling and Optimisation for Energy Saving and Pollution Reduction––PRES 2000, P7.72], where a part of the solution was already presented. The difficulty to find a solution arisen from the fact that DCU is working semi-continuous. More insights in the process allowed finding new possibilities, more attractive for rational use of energy, with better applicability. A feasibility study will be performed to give also economic sound of all the implications for the modifications proposed.     

煤气化工艺节能减排技术及应用

煤气化工艺节能减排的技术在造气工艺流程中,利用新技术改造低效率换热设备及落后工艺,提高水的重复利用率,将含氰污水处理装置改造为全循环技术以减少排污总量,集中阐述了煤气炉洗涤循环水减排技术吹风气加收节能技术。     

Waste-to-wealth approach in water economy: The case of beneficiation of mercury-contaminated water in hydrogen production

Heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb, etc.) are micro-pollutants and result in water contamination. Significant bio-concentration of heavy metal like Hg can lead to fatal disease such as Minamata. Given this context, heavy metal removal from wastewater is essential before discharge. The wastewater treatment process requires considerable amount of energy which is being met by the conventional carbon-based fuels. This contributes to the global carbon dioxide emission, and hence global warming. Therefore, if clean energy sourcing is enabled during the treatment of the wastewater; it would offer obvious advantages. If the energy production is ‘clean’ and achieved via the process itself, it would serve two outcomes: (a) meeting the energy demand for wastewater treatment, and (b) getting rid of the need for external ‘carbon-based’ energy. Recently a few research articles have reported simultaneous clean energy production from wastewater during its treatment. Thus, the energy demand of the wastewater treatment process can be potentially met with the clean energy produced during the process. In this review, we will discuss mercury-contaminated wastewater treatment with simultaneous hydrogen production. We will provide a brief overview of waste-to-wealth approaches currently prevailing in water economy, recent mercury removal processes, and discuss future possibilities of self-sustained Hg-contaminated wastewater treatment.     

市政污泥干燥特性的实验研究和模拟分析

采用薄层干燥的方式对嘉兴市某污水处理厂的脱水市政污泥在不同厚度和温度下的干燥特性进行实验研究,并通过引入薄层干燥模型,对薄层市政污泥干燥过程进行模拟分析。结果表明：厚度越小或干燥温度越高,污泥干燥速率越快。当温度从70 ℃上升到130 ℃时,最大干燥速率从0.025 87 g·（g·min）−1上升到0.081 58 ...     

Towards sustainable and energy efficient municipal wastewater treatment by up-concentration of organics

In the last decades, energy scarcity has become an important issue globally. Renewable energy sources have gained importance due to limited fossil fuel reserves and increased concerns on climate change. In this regard, municipal wastewater is a remarkable energy source since huge amounts of wastewater are generated and treated all over the world every day. Conventional activated sludge (CAS) process, which has been in use for more than a century, is the most widely applied treatment method for municipal wastewater. In spite of its reliability and proven success, CAS process suffers from intensive energy requirement and lack of capability to capture a high amount of organic matter from wastewater. In order to recover the energy present in wastewater efficiently, it is crucial to up-concentrate the organics in wastewaters. Several physicochemical and biological processes may be employed for up-concentration of organics and capturing them onto sludge. Capturing of organic matter in sludge phase allows improved energy recovery through anaerobic digestion. This study aims to present a comprehensive evaluation of the current practices applied to up-concentrate organic matter in municipal wastewater. The paper discusses the most frequently used up-concentration methods by addressing lab-scale and full-scale applications with typical operational parameters as well as providing their strengths and constraints. In addition, various up-to-date treatment configurations are introduced in order to provide a future perspective in this field.     

Urban lignocellulosic biomass can significantly contribute to energy production in municipal wastewater treatment plants – A GIS-based approach for a metropolitan area

The common fermentation of biogenic wastes and sewage sludge in digesters of municipal wastewater treatment plants is a technically feasible and economically viable approach. As the number of rural biogas production sites is steadily increasing, the question has been raised which biomass feedstocks are left available in sufficient quantities to be used for energy generation at wastewater treatment plant level. The contribution of lignocellulosic biomass collected from urban areas is generally neglected within this context. In the present study, 24 urban substrates have been analyzed for their theoretical methane potential, while 13 of them were tested in batch assays for the determination of their practical achievable methane yield. The theoretical evaluation of the methane potential yielded values ranging between 0.393 and 0.576 Nm³ kgVS⁻¹. The methane yields obtained by batch assays showed significantly lower yields, which depends on the individual composition of the substrates in terms of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose. A GIS spatial analysis for the Rhine-Ruhr metropolitan area was performed to evaluate the feasible capacity of urban biomass as co-fermentation feedstock in digesters of municipal wastewater treatment plants. The analysis revealed that green urban areas provide a significant quantity of biomass of 377 t_FM d⁻¹ that could cover 67% of the annual energy demand of twelve typical wastewater treatment plants located in the metropolis.