β-环糊精衍生物的制备方法及其应用研究进展

概述了环糊精的结构特点及其发展,介绍了β-环糊精包合物和桥联β-环糊精的制备方法。简述了国内外近年来β-环糊精及其衍生物在环保、分析化学、高分子及药剂学等领域的研究进展。总结了β-环糊精及其衍生物在科学研究过程中存在的问题,同时对β-环糊精及其衍生物在未来的发展作了展望。     

环糊精衍生物稳定性的量子化学研究

采用PM3半经验方法对11种单取代环糊精苯甲酸酯衍生物的结构进行优化,得到了它们的最稳定构型;并采用从头计算HF/6.31G方法计算各种化合物最稳定结构的能量及偶极矩等理化性质.计算结果表明,环糊精衍生物中取代基团的种类及其位置能够显著影响母体环糊精的理化性质.     

环糊精及其衍生物催化有机合成反应研究进展

随着"绿色化学"概念的提出,研究者们对绿色化学的研究愈加深入。环糊精作为一种天然、绿色的低聚糖,在诸多领域都有着广泛的应用。但由于环糊精具有在水中溶解性较差、刚性较强等缺点,需要对其进行修饰,改善其性质,因此多种环糊精衍生物被合成出来,既保留了环糊精的优点,又克服了其缺点,用于不同的反应中,均取得较好的效果。综述了近年来环糊精及其衍生物在催化领域的应用,包括氢甲酰化、加氢、氧化、偶联、CO_2环加成以及缩合等诸多反应,同时探讨了环糊精以及不同的环糊精衍生物在不同反应中的作用及催化效果,并对环糊精存在的主要问题进行了总结,对其未来的发展进行了展望。     

环糊精作为超分子结构的构筑单元

对环糊精的来源和分子结构特点作了简单介绍 ,论述了环糊精及其衍生物在超分子化学领域中的地位。理论研究上 ,环糊精是研究弱相互作用的模型分子化合物 ,化学工业中环糊精及其衍生物具有广泛用途 ,显示出环糊精化学研究和应用的无限潜力     

环瑚精作为超分子结构的构筑单元

对环糊精的来源和分子结构特点作了简要介绍，论述了环糊精及其衍生物在超分子化学领域中的地位。理论研究上，环糊精是研究弱相互作用的模型分子化合物，化学工业中环糊精及其衍生物具有广泛用途，显示出环糊精化学研究和应用的无限潜力。     

新型第二代超分子大环主体化合物环糊精衍生物的合成及应用

简要介绍了环糊精化学的产生、发展、结构特征、性能及应用。详细介绍了:①新型环糊精衍生物的合成自组装及应用;②新型环糊精衍生物的合成及在医药学领域的应用;③新型环糊精衍生物在有机合成中的应用。并对环糊精化学的发展进行了展望。     

纤维素、环糊精及其衍生物在工业废水处理中的应用

纤维素和环糊精都是可降解的天然高分子材料,它们及其衍生物应用在工业废水处理中不会引起二次污染,日益受到人们的关注。文章针对纤维素和环糊精的结构特点,综述近年来纤维素、环糊精及其衍生物在吸附工业废水中的重金属离子和有机污染物方面的研究进展。     

环糊精衍生物的分子形态及其构筑策略研究进展

根据环糊精衍生物分子结构与形态的不同,分类综述了环糊精衍生物（以β-环糊精衍生物为主）的形态及其构筑策略研究进展,包括单取代环糊精衍生物、双取代环糊精衍生物、多取代环糊精衍生物、二聚体环糊精衍生物、多聚体环糊精衍生物和环糊精聚合物（包括固载化环糊精）。指出环糊精衍生物的构筑是基于环糊精构筑各种功能材料的基础与关键,是环糊精母体应用的进一步拓展。基于环糊精构筑各种超分子仿酶,不仅可以充分发挥环糊精结构上的先天优势,也可以实现有机合成反应从有机相到水相的顺利过渡,并提高反应的选择性,对有机合成化学的"绿色化"具有重要的意义,对其他功能材料的构筑也具有重要的参考价值和指导意义。     

β-环糊精及其衍生物处理水中重金属的研究进展

β-环糊精的物理、化学性质及结构特点决定其应用在水处理中的作用效果,通过论述β-环糊精及其衍生物处理重金属以及混合重金属废水的国、内外应用与研究最新进展,体现其应用在水处理中的优越性。并针对β-环糊精及其衍生物在水处理中存在的问题,及研究方向进行展望。     

环糊精及其衍生物在污染土壤修复中的应用

环糊精独特的结构特征使其在环境污染治理中具有广阔的应用前景。环糊精可以与许多弱极性有机污染物形成主客包合物,能够同时去除重金属离子。文章主要综述了环糊精及其衍生物在污染土壤修复中的应用研究,并展望了环糊精及其衍生物的发展前景。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。