磨粒流加工壁面效应研究

数值模拟了圆柱内表面的初始粗糙度、入口流速和内孔直径对壁面流场压力、局部压差及剪切力的影响规律,分析了入口处流场速度和剪切力的形成过程,从磨粒切削作用角度剖析了圆柱内表面入口处过抛现象的形成原因,结合磨粒流加工试验揭示了各参数对壁面效应的影响规律。理论分析和试验结果表明：增大圆孔直径或减小入口流速能有效改善磨粒流流场压力的均匀性,初始表面粗糙度对流场压力数值及其局部压差有微弱影响;入口处圆孔壁面速度突变引起剪切力突变,从而导致磨粒流加工过抛现象;初始表面粗糙度Ra=0.296μm时有利于减弱磨粒流加工的壁面效应,而Ra=4.273μm时有利于提高材料去除速率。     

磨料流微去除力学分析与可控因素影响

研究了磨料流抛光中磨粒微去除力学建模方法以及可控因素影响抛光效果的问题。以力为纽带,提出磨粒去除工件表面微凸材料的动力来源于三个方面--介质作用力、磨粒挤压载荷和磨粒冲击载荷。利用建立的力学模型,分析了磨料流加工的内在因素,其中可控因素包括：加工温度、加工压力、活塞的移动速度、磨料黏度、磨粒物理性质（如尺寸、硬度）等;研究了各可控影响因素与工件表面抛光质量及效率的关系;量化了可控因素的大小对磨粒作用在工件表面的力的影响程度;将磨粒作用在工件表面的力合成并分解为与活塞运动方向相同的轴向力和垂直于工件壁面的切向力,指出微去除效果随轴向力与径向力的比值改变而发生变化,设计出简易的测量轴向力和径向力的方案。用试验验证了所建模型和可控因素对抛光效果影响,以及工件表面的加工纹理方向直接影响工件表面粗糙度的减小率和材料去除率的正确性。     

异形截面孔磨粒流精密加工质量分析

采用磨粒流精密加工技术对异形截面深孔进行数值模拟及实验研究,通过大涡模拟方法对钛合金异形截面孔零件进行数值分析,并进行相关实验研究以揭示磨粒流抛光异形曲面的表面创成机理。磨粒流精密加工数值分析揭示了磨粒流动态压力、速度、磨粒对壁面压力和壁面剪切力对壁面作用规律,获得了异形截面孔内流向截面的漩涡位置分布与漩涡产生原因以及漩涡与磨粒相互作用关系。经过磨粒流精密加工后,异形曲面的表面粗糙度由Ra=7.136 μm、Rz=40.103 μm减小到Ra=1.822 μm、Rz=8.964 μm,异形截面孔内表面凸起、球化现象去除,表面质量明显改善,漩涡使异形曲面的表面质量得到大幅改善。     

磨粒流加工技术及其在压缩机叶轮上的应用

本文介绍磨粒流加工的基本原理、影响磨粒流加工的要素及磨粒流技术在离心压缩机叶轮上的应用。叶轮流道经磨粒流加工后,表面粗糙度最终可达Ra0.8μm以下,满足叶轮的表面粗糙度要求。     

PCD刀具端面车削碳纤维增强碳化硅基复合刹车材料的试验研究

通过PCD刀具对C_f/SiC进行端面车削试验,研究切削参数对切削力和表面粗糙度的影响规律,并深入分析材料的切削去除机理。结果表明：主轴转速n、进给量f和背吃刀量a_p均对切削力和表面粗糙度Sa造成影响,背吃刀量对各切削力影响最大,进给量对表面粗糙度影响最大。C_f/SiC以脆性断裂去除方式为主,主要加工缺陷为基体破碎脱落、微裂纹、纤维露头及拔除、界面脱粘与分层。试验结果证明,C_f/SiC可以通过端面车削方式控制加工缺陷的产生,且其切削表面粗糙度Sa可达到3.2μm,即C_f/SiC可以实现半精加工。试验最佳切削用量为n=710r/min,f=0.05mm/r,a_p=0.30mm。     

永磁场磁力研磨316L不锈钢实验研究

基于磁力研磨,采用永磁极吸附雾化法制备的新型球形磨料,对316L不锈钢进行光整加工.研究了当加工时间和磁感应强度为定值时,主轴转速、加工间隙、磨料粒径、磨粒相粒径对表面粗糙度和材料去除量的影响及其变化规律.并利用正交设计得出优化的加工参数:转速S=1 000 r/min,加工间隙δ=1.5 mm,磨料粒径为150～124μm时(磨粒相粒径为6μm),工件经研磨后平均原始表面粗糙度可由研磨前的0.275μm下降到0.038μm(工件最初表面粗糙度值为2.76μm).     

激光面加工熔凝区的低压磨粒流抛光影响因素的实验研究

为研究低压磨粒流抛光激光面加工熔凝区的可行性,构建旋转式低压磨粒流抛光装置对激光加工铜片进行抛光实验,并采用不同评定方法描述磨料种类、挤压力、抛光时间对抛光效果的影响.结果表明:采用低压磨粒流抛光可有效去除激光面加工熔凝区;在低压范围内,材料去除量会随磨料含量、抛光时间呈非线性增长,随挤压力呈接近线性增长;抛光初期表面粗糙度变化幅度较小,抛光一段时间后变化幅度会显著增大.     

椭圆内腔表面磨粒流均匀化光整加工研究

针对磨粒流加工中椭圆孔腔表面加工质量因表面曲率半径变化而不一致的问题,提出通过置入相似模芯实现磨粒流均匀化光整加工的新方法。运用非牛顿流体的幂律方程,建立了磨粒流加工的微元体动力模型,分析磨粒流加工中表面剪切应力分布不均的影响因素,而后通过COMSOL软件进行了数值计算与模拟仿真论证;最后,开展实验研究,对椭圆孔腔壁面压力及表面粗糙度等进行相关数据测量。研究结果显示：置入相似模芯后,椭圆流道的长、短轴方向剪切应力的理论值误差由置入模芯前的9.87%降为0.39%,长、短轴方向剪切应力分布趋于一致;椭圆流道的轴向、径向平均压力差仅为0.03 MPa、0.11 MPa,且表面粗糙度(Ra)差值由置入芯轴前的0.212μm下降为0.005 μm,加工压力与表面粗糙度的变化趋势均趋于一致。置入相似模芯的方法改善了磨粒流加工中剪切应力分布不均的状况,为椭圆孔的高质量精密加工提供了重要参考依据。     

共轨管微小孔磨粒流抛光实验研究与表面粗糙度预测

针对共轨管微小孔电火花加工表面的光整加工问题,采用磨粒流抛光工艺,并通过正交实验探索了加工参数及其交互作用对孔道表面粗糙度的影响规律;基于二阶响应曲面模型和幂函数模型分别建立了表面粗糙度预测多元非线性回归模型。研究结果表明:加工参数对抛光效果的影响显著,而交互作用对其影响较小;抛光压强、磨料浓度及加工时间对孔道表面粗糙度的影响均为负效应,磨粒粒径大于148μm时对表面粗糙度的影响为正效应,粒径小于该临界值时表现为对抛光效率的正效应影响;在最优参数组合条件下,孔道表面粗糙度值(Ra)由初始的1.31μm降至0.20μm;二阶多项式回归模型相对于幂函数回归模型有更高的预测精度,相关系数高达0.990,预测误差在9.54%以内。     

基于ABAQUS的单个颗粒与加工面碰撞对固液两相流加工的影响研究

针对固液两相流加工过程中磨粒如何影响加工效果的问题,提出了磨粒与工件之间的摩擦状况是直接影响抛光过程与抛光质量的重要因素的假设。根据实际加工的实验材料数据,利用ABAQUS非线性有限元分析软件,研究了单磨粒对工件表面的接触作用与材料去除的关系;然后搭建了固液两相流实验平台,对试验钢条进行了软性磨粒流加工。实验结果表明,加工表面的磨损分布比较均匀,表面的粗糙度明显降低,体现了固液两相流加工的有效性。研究结果表明,实际加工中加工表面在受到水平切削力和竖直挤压力共同作用下,产生了塑性变形继而发生切削磨损,最终提高了加工表面的抛光效果,达到了镜面级加工效果的目的,同时通过使用ABAQUS软件可从微观直接说明固液两相流无工具精密加工机理。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.