进口铝塑复合废塑料现场鉴别探讨

以进口铝塑复合废塑料为研究对象,采用分析纯盐酸作为浸出剂浸出废塑料上的铝,同时考察了浸出时间对铝浸出过程的影响,探讨进口铝塑复合废塑料的快速鉴别方法,所用试剂无毒、廉价、易得,其操作简单快速。     

铝塑分离及浸出液合成聚合氯化铝条件研究

以废铝塑为原材料,利用盐酸溶液对铝塑进行充分的分离,用分离液合成净水剂聚合氯化铝,探索铝塑分离的最佳工艺,考察了盐酸浓度、反应时间、加热温度、固液比对于铝塑分离的影响,得出最佳条件;用废铝塑浸出液制备高效净水剂聚合氯化铝,探索合成的最佳工艺,考察了氢氧化钠的加入体积、熟化时间、熟化温度、缓冲溶液对其影响,获得最佳条件。     

铝塑复合材料的分离研究

以铝塑泡罩复合材料为研究对象,分离回收其中的铝和塑料,通过对多种有机溶剂做单因素实验得出最佳分离剂,并考察了分离剂的温度、分离剂中3组分的体积比、搅拌强度对铝塑分离效果的影响,结果表明,最佳分离剂为甲苯-无水乙醇-水混合液;当分离剂中3种溶液的体积比为3:2:5、温度为60℃、搅拌速度为450 r/min时,铝塑分离时间最短且损失率适中。     

钨钽的氧化碱浸分离实验研究

介绍了低浓度KOH氧化碱浸法对含钨废渣中钨、钽分离实验研究。实验重点考察了浸出过程中浸出温度、KOH浓度以及氧化剂H2O2使用量对浸出效果的影响。实验表明,当浸出温度为85℃,KOH浓度为6.5%,氧化剂H2O2用量为17 mL时,钨、钽的浸出率分别为99.23%和2.6%,浸出液放置三天仍然澄清。     

碱醇体系下铝塑复合膜的铝塑分离研究

在碱醇体系下,对铝塑复合膜中的铝塑分离进行了研究。考察了氢氧化钠的浓度、工业酒精与水的比例对铝浸出率的影响,试验结果表明:在无搅拌,浸出温度约为30℃的情况下,氢氧化钠的浓度为70g/L,工业酒精与水的比例为1:2的条件下,铝塑复合膜中的铝与塑料在1.5h内,即可达到较好的分离。     

铝件抛光剂废液中铝浓度检测和除铝研究

以铝件抛光剂废酸液为原料,检测废液铝离子浓度及除铝研究。采用氢氟酸沉淀铝离子,再用硝酸镁去除剩余氟,避免氟腐蚀酸回收设备。结果表明,去除总铝离子高达94.6%以上,除铝曲线线性系数r=0.994;EDTA返滴定法测铝,槽液中铝含量计算为5.4V₂(g/L),V₂是0.1 mol/L硫酸铜置换Al-EDTA络合物的铝而消耗的硫酸铜体积,铜(II)的前后消耗量指示铝浓度的变化,它们存在良好的负相关关系,线性系数r=-0.9959。此法可根据铝离子浓度及去除量,定量投加氢氟酸除铝;最后将余氟去除,可实现抛光剂的回收。既避免了大量废酸的排放,也为铝件抛光剂的回收工艺提供一定的应用指导。     

含铝物质抑制碱-硅酸反应研究

研究几种含铝物质对碱—硅酸反应的抑制作用,结合XRD、SEM/EDS分析其抑制机理。结果显示,烧铝矾土、Al(OH)3对碱—硅酸具有良好的抑制作用,掺加30%烧铝矾土或20%Al(OH)3能使碱—硅酸膨胀反应膨胀率下降至1%。而铝盐——化学试剂Al(NO3)3、Al2(SO4)3不能有效的抑制碱—硅酸反应。     

锰共存条件下准确测定铝的方法研究

研究了锰共存条件下准确测定铝的方法,采用过硫酸铵氧化沉淀除去大部分锰,用盐酸羟胺掩蔽残留锰,采用控制酸度法测定完铁后再用EDTA返滴定法准确测定铝的含量。     

湿法磷酸脱除铝离子研究

采用离子交换法对湿法磷酸进行了脱除铝离子的实验研究,考察了树脂用量、温度、时间等因素对铝离子净化率的影响,优化了工艺条件。实验结果表明：当搅拌速度为250rpm、树脂用量为100g、温度为25℃、时间为15min时,湿法磷酸中铝净化率可达到92．35％。     

乳化液膜技术分离湿法磷酸中铁的研究

采用乳化液膜法对湿法磷酸中铁的分离进行了研究。正交实验结果表明,在实验范围内,载体对除铁率影响最大,溶剂和反萃取剂的影响相对较小;较优的液膜物质组成为:N205为表面活性剂,CH3(C8H17)3NC l为流动载体,环己烷为膜溶剂,盐酸为反萃取剂。在实验条件下,随表面活性剂量和载体量的增大,除铁率都是先增加后降低;当盐酸浓度小于3 mol/L时,除铁率是随着盐酸浓度的增加而增加的;但是当盐酸浓度太大时,由于液膜的破碎率上升,导致除铁率反而降低。     

常见塑料溶解性能研究及其混合物的选择性分离

以常见塑料为原料,以有机物为溶剂,研究了塑料在有机溶剂中的溶解性能,提出了选择性分离混合塑料的方案。结果表明,实验所选用的塑料在有机溶剂中的溶解性能和溶解条件不同;可利用塑料与有机溶剂的相容性差别分离混合塑料。     

废旧塑料薄膜分离方法的实验研究

以水作为浮选剂对含聚氯乙烯（PVC）、聚乙烯（PE）、聚丙烯（PP）的废旧塑料薄膜进行分离,以实现对PVC的回收。考察了浮选液密度、分离温度、固液比、润湿剂含量、搅拌速度及分离时间等因素对PVC回收率的影响。结果表明,最佳分离条件为：浮选液密度1.04 g/cm3,分离温度30 ℃,固液比1：50,润湿剂含量0.2 %（质量分数,下同）,搅拌速度50 r/min ,分离时间8 s;PVC的最大回收率可达98 %。     

Chemistry of the Interface Between Aluminum and Polyester Films

It has been observed that the adhesion between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and poly(ethylene isophthalate-co-ethylene sodium sulfoisophthalate) copolymer is approximately five times greater than the adhesion between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and biaxially-oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) film. To describe the interface between the aluminum and these polymeric substrates, thermoanalytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques have been applied. Definite changes in surface elemental composition and chemical functionality occur upon metallization of the polymer films. Aluminized samples contained two new oxygen functionalities; one due to the aluminum oxide and the other due to an organoaluminum species. Thermal degradation, as may occur during vacuum evaporation, would be expected to yield a carboxylic acid endgroup and a vinyl endgroup for each chain scission reaction that occurred. Reaction of aluminum with these carboxylic acid endgroups is thought to be responsible for the organoaluminum oxygen peak that was observed. Based on the XPS data, however, the level of this new functionality was comparable for both types of polyester film. Thus, this new functionality may be involved in promoting aluminum/polyester adhesion, but by itself cannot explain the differences in the level of adhesion that are attained. It appears, based on the transmission electron micrographs, that the aluminum deposit penetrates the copolymer coating to a greater depth than it does the PET. The greater level of penetration could be responsible for the greater adhesion obtained between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and the copolymer film compared with the level of adhesion obtained with the PET film. Based on this work, it appears that the adhesion of the vacuum-evaporated aluminum to both polyesters has a similar chemical component (type and amount) but a different extent of the mechanical component.     

Chemistry of the Interface Between Aluminum and Polyester Films

It has been observed that the adhesion between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and poly(ethylene isophthalate-co-ethylene sodium sulfoisophthalate) copolymer is approximately five times greater than the adhesion between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and biaxially-oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) film. To describe the interface between the aluminum and these polymeric substrates, thermoanalytical, spectroscopic and microscopic techniques have been applied. Definite changes in surface elemental composition and chemical functionality occur upon metallization of the polymer films. Aluminized samples contained two new oxygen functionalities; one due to the aluminum oxide and the other due to an organoaluminum species. Thermal degradation, as may occur during vacuum evaporation, would be expected to yield a carboxylic acid endgroup and a vinyl endgroup for each chain scission reaction that occurred. Reaction of aluminum with these carboxylic acid endgroups is thought to be responsible for the organoaluminum oxygen peak that was observed. Based on the XPS data, however, the level of this new functionality was comparable for both types of polyester film. Thus, this new functionality may be involved in promoting aluminum/polyester adhesion, but by itself cannot explain the differences in the level of adhesion that are attained. It appears, based on the transmission electron micrographs, that the aluminum deposit penetrates the copolymer coating to a greater depth than it does the PET. The greater level of penetration could be responsible for the greater adhesion obtained between vacuum-evaporated aluminum and the copolymer film compared with the level of adhesion obtained with the PET film. Based on this work, it appears that the adhesion of the vacuum-evaporated aluminum to both polyesters has a similar chemical component (type and amount) but a different extent of the mechanical component.     

熔盐法活化处理含铬红土镍矿浸出液的铬铝分离及碱液循环

基于Na2CO3, Na2CrO4, NaAlO2在NaOH溶液中的溶解度及NaAlO2的性质,采用蒸发结晶、碳化沉铝、苛化等方法对浸出液中铬、铝进行了分离,并实现了碱液循环. 结果表明,采用分步结晶,一次蒸发排盐终点控制碱液浓度在40%(w),结晶相中为大量NaAlO2和少量Na2CrO4;二次蒸发碱液浓度控制在50%(w),结晶相中为大量Na2CrO4和少量Na2CO3. 一次排盐结晶相溶解后通过碳化方式将铝分离,深度碳酸化后NaAlO2分解率达90.8%;二次排盐结晶相溶解后在90℃、苛化1 h、加钙量为理论量的1.2倍时,苛化率达79.2%,苛化液蒸发后过滤得到较纯的Na2CrO4晶体.     

高铁低铝煤矸石酸浸液铝铁分离研究

本文研究以高铁低铝煤矸石酸浸液为对象,根据铝、铁离子水解pH差异,提出了采用先还原Fe3+再进行分离的思路.研究用纯物质模拟酸浸液组成进行铝铁分离,再将结果用于实际溶液,结果表明:对Fe3+已还原的酸浸液,在90℃、pH =4.5时可制备氢氧化铝,过滤,在90℃下滤液通入空气制备水合氧化铁,产品经煅烧,制备的氧化铝产品纯度达到了国标GB/T24487-2009二级品要求,铁红性能指标超过了一级品要求,研究结果对拓展煤矸石资源化应用途径、提高煤矸石综合利用率具有重大意义.     

玻璃钢门窗与铝合金门窗、塑钢门窗现状分析及发展前景

门窗框体型材的材质是决定门窗性能的关键,轻质、高强、耐腐蚀的纤维增强聚合物玻璃钢型材是目前最理想的选择,本文总结了玻璃钢门窗与铝合金门窗、塑钢门窗的特点及发展前景。     

湿式氧化法预处理甲基氯化物生产废水的研究

通过研究反应时间、进水pH值、反应温度以及氧分压对湿式氧化法预处理甲基氯化物生产废水的影响，得出预处理的最适宜操作条件为：反应时间60min、不调节废水的pH值、反应温度180℃、氧分压1．5MPa。在此条件下CODcr、有机磷、有机硫的去除率分别达68．5％、65％、88％，出水的BOD5／CODcr由0．107上升至0．36。     

The Purification of Crude Zinc Oxide Using Scrubbing,Magnetic Separation,and Leaching Processes

Physical separation and hydrometallurgical purification techniques, such as scrubbing, magnetic separation, leaching, and precipitation were used to convert crude zinc oxide into high purity zinc powder. Scrubbing was used to remove the soluble chloride on the crude zinc oxide surface. The solubility of metal oxides contained in the crude zinc oxide was simulated by DIASTAB software to determine the pH ranges for metals precipitation. Leaching under various conditions was conducted to determine optimum operating parameters. From the solubility diagram, the titration ends in the range of pH 5.78~6.1 and high purity (92.2%) zinc powder can be obtained with 82.04% recovery.