Human face recognition based on multidimensional PCA and extreme learning machine

In this work, a new human face recognition algorithm based on bidirectional two dimensional principal component analysis (B2DPCA) and extreme learning machine (ELM) is introduced. The proposed method is based on curvelet image decomposition of human faces and a subband that exhibits a maximum standard deviation is dimensionally reduced using an improved dimensionality reduction technique. Discriminative feature sets are generated using B2DPCA to ascertain classification accuracy. Other notable contributions of the proposed work include significant improvements in classification rate, up to hundred folds reduction in training time and minimal dependence on the number of prototypes. Extensive experiments are performed using challenging databases and results are compared against state of the art techniques.     

基于图像超分辨极限学习机的极低分辨率人脸识别

极低分辨率图像本身包含的判别信息少且容易受到噪声的干扰,在现有的人脸识别算法下识别率较低。为了解决这一问题,提出一种基于图像超分辨率(SR)极限学习机(ELM)的人脸识别算法。首先,从样本库学习耦合的高低分辨率图像稀疏表达字典,利用高低分辨率表达系数的流形一致性重建高分辨率图像;其次,在超分辨率重建的高分辨率(HR)图像上构建ELM模型,训练获得前向神经网络的连接权值;最后,通过ELM预测输入极低人脸图像的类别属性。实验结果表明,针对于重建后的极低分辨率人脸图片,与协同表示的分类(CRC)人脸识别算法相比,所提算法将识别率分别提升了2%;同时也大幅度缩短了识别的时间。结果表明所提算法能够有效解决极低分辨率图片判决信息不足的问题,具有较好的识别能力。     

Face recognition based on extreme learning machine

Extreme learning machine (ELM) is an efficient learning algorithm for generalized single hidden layer feedforward networks (SLFNs), which performs well in both regression and classification applications. It has recently been shown that from the optimization point of view ELM and support vector machine (SVM) are equivalent but ELM has less stringent optimization constraints. Due to the mild optimization constraints ELM can be easy of implementation and usually obtains better generalization performance. In this paper we study the performance of the one-against-all (OAA) and one-against-one (OAO) ELM for classification in multi-label face recognition applications. The performance is verified through four benchmarking face image data sets.     

Dynamic ensemble extreme learning machine based on sample entropy

Extreme learning machine (ELM) as a new learning algorithm has been proposed for single-hidden layer feed-forward neural networks, ELM can overcome many drawbacks in the traditional gradient-based learning algorithm such as local minimal, improper learning rate, and low learning speed by randomly selecting input weights and hidden layer bias. However, ELM suffers from instability and over-fitting, especially on large datasets. In this paper, a dynamic ensemble extreme learning machine based on sample entropy is proposed, which can alleviate to some extent the problems of instability and over-fitting, and increase the prediction accuracy. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is robust and efficient.     

基于结构化遮挡编码和极限学习机的局部遮挡人脸识别

提出使用结构化遮挡编码（SOC）结合极限学习机（ELM）的算法来处理人脸识别中的遮挡问题。首先，使用SOC去除图像上的遮挡物，将遮挡物体与人脸分离开；同时，通过局部性约束字典（LCD）来估计遮挡物的位置，建立遮挡字典和人脸字典。然后，将建立好的人脸字典矩阵进行归一化处理，并利用ELM对归一化的数据进行分类识别。最后，在AR人脸库上进行的仿真实验结果表明，所提方法对不同遮挡物和不同区域遮挡的图像具有较好的识别率和鲁棒性。     

A survival ensemble of extreme learning machine

Due to the fast learning speed, simplicity of implementation and minimal human intervention, extreme learning machine has received considerable attentions recently, mostly from the machine learning community. Generally, extreme learning machine and its various variants focus on classification and regression problems. Its potential application in analyzing censored time-to-event data is yet to be verified. In this study, we present an extreme learning machine ensemble to model right-censored survival data by combining the Buckley-James transformation and the random forest framework. According to experimental and statistical analysis results, we show that the proposed model outperforms popular survival models such as random survival forest, Cox proportional hazard models on well-known low-dimensional and high-dimensional benchmark datasets in terms of both prediction accuracy and time efficiency.     

极限学习机集成在骨髓细胞分类中的应用

骨髓细胞的分类有重要的医学诊断意义。先对骨髓细胞图像分割和特征提取,用提取出来的训练集对极限学习机训练,再用该分类器对未知样本识别。针对单个分类器性能的不稳定,提出基于元胞自动机的极限学习机集成算法。通过元胞自动机抽样策略构建差异大的训练子集,多个分类器并行学习,多数投票法联合决策。实验结果表明,与BP、支持向量机比较,该算法基本无参数调整,学习速度快,分类精度高能达到97.33%,且有效克服了神经网络分类器不稳定的缺点。     

极限学习机的分类器集成模型研究

将极限学习机算法与旋转森林算法相结合,提出了以ELM算法为基分类器并以旋转森林算法为框架的RF-ELM集成学习模型。在8个数据集上进行了3组预测实验,根据实验结果讨论了ELM算法中隐含层神经元个数对预测结果的影响以及单个ELM模型预测结果不稳定的缺陷;将RF-ELM模型与单ELM模型和基于Bagging算法集成的ELM模型相比较,由稳定性和预测精度的两组对比实验的实验结果表明,对ELM的集成学习可以有效地提高ELM模型的性能,且RF-ELM模型较其他两个模型具有更好的稳定性和更高的准确率,验证了RF-ELM是一种有效的ELM集成学习模型。     

Robust and efficient face recognition via low-rank supported extreme learning machine

Multimedia Tools and Applications - Recently, face recognition algorithms have made great progress in various real-world applications, e.g., authentication and criminal investigation. Deep-learning...     

基于极限学习机的变压器故障快速识别

针对基于传统神经网络的变压器故障识别诊断方法存在网络收敛慢、易陷入局部极小点和网络参数难确定的缺点,提出了一种基于极限学习机的电力变压器故障快速识别方法。该方法以变压器油中用于故障类型分析的5种主要溶解气体含量作为输入特征量,5种常见变压器状态作为输出量建立分类识别模型。实验结果显示,该方法的识别准确率比支持向量机高12.5%,识别速度是支持向量机的2.6倍,比概率神经网络快5.5倍以上,表明该方法对变压器故障的识别快速而有效。     

基于自适应差分进化极限学习机的车牌识别算法

针对目前车牌识别算法中存在的模型训练慢、字符识别准确率低等问题,研究了一种基于自适应差分进化极限学习机的车牌识别算法。综合利用边缘检测和颜色定位的优点来检测车牌区域,然后用改进后的垂直投影法对车牌区域进行分割,最后将自适应差分进化极限学习机用于字符识别。研究结果表明,所提出算法具有训练速度快、字符识别率高等优点,可以应用于复杂的交通场景。     

基于多视图半监督集成学习的人体动作识别算法

移动设备上难以获取大量标签样本,而训练不足导致分类模型在人体动作识别上表现欠佳.针对这一问题,提出一种基于多视图半监督集成学习的人体动作识别算法.首先,利用两种内置传感器收集的数据构建两个特征视图,将两个视图和两种基分类器进行组合构建协同学习框架;然后,根据多分类任务重新定义置信度,结合主动学习思想在迭代过程中控制预测...     

A new automatic target recognition system based on wavelet extreme learning machine

In this paper, an automatic system is presented for target recognition using target echo signals of High Resolution Range (HRR) radars. This paper especially deals with combination of the feature extraction and classification from measured real target echo signal waveforms by using X-band pulse radar. The past studies in the field of radar target recognition have shown that the learning speed of feedforward neural networks is in general much slower than required and it has been a major disadvantage. There are two key reasons forth is status of feedforward neural networks: (1) the slow gradient-based learning algorithms are extensively used to train neural networks, and (2) all the parameters of the networks are tuned iteratively by using such learning algorithms (Feng et al., 2009, Huang and Siew, 2004, Huang and Chen, 2007, Huang and Chen, 2008, Huang et al., 2006, Huang et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2004, Huang et al., 2005, Huang et al., 2012, Huang et al., 2008, Huang and Siew, 2005, Huang et al., 2011, Huang et al., 2006, Huang et al., 2006a, Huang et al., 2006b, Lan et al., 2009, Li et al., 2005, Liang et al., 2006, Liang et al., 2006, Rong et al., 2009, Wang and Huang, 2005, Wang et al., 2011, Yeu et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2007, Zhu et al., 2005). To resolve these disadvantages of feedforward neural networks for automatic target recognition area in this paper suggested a new learning algorithm called extreme learning machine (ELM) for single-hidden layer feedforward neural networks (SLFNs) (Feng et al., 2009, Huang and Siew, 2004, Huang and Chen, 2007, Huang and Chen, 2008, Huang et al., 2006, Huang et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2004, Huang et al., 2005, Huang et al., 2012, Huang et al., 2008, Huang and Siew, 2005, Huang et al., 2011, Huang et al., 2006, Huang et al., 2006a, Huang et al., 2006b, Lan et al., 2009, Li et al., 2005, Liang et al., 2006, Liang et al., 2006, Rong et al., 2009, Wang and Huang, 2005, Wang et al., 2011, Yeu et al., 2006, Zhang et al., 2007, Zhu et al., 2005) which randomly choose hidden nodes and analytically determines the output weights of SLFNs. In theory, this algorithm tends to provide good generalization performance at extremely fast learning speed. Moreover, the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and wavelet entropy is used for adaptive feature extraction in the time-frequency domain in feature extraction stage to strengthen the premium features of the ELM in this study. The correct recognition performance of this new system is compared with feedforward neural networks. The experimental results show that the new algorithm can produce good generalization performance in most cases and can learn thousands of times faster than conventional popular learning algorithms for feedforward neural networks.     

基于在线序列极限学习机的车牌字符识别方法

当前基于神经网络方法的车牌字符识别技术都使用固定的训练样本,学习的效果受初始样本限制,对于识别过程中新出现的不同角度、光线等特征的字符图片不能自适应地学习。本文针对这个问题提出了基于在线序列极限学习机(OS-ELM)的车牌字符识别方法。在样本实时更新中使系统自适应调整网络权值,不断提高识别准确率。本文设计了汉字、字母、字母混合数字三个字符分类器,根据车牌字符的排列特征识别相应的字符。通过与传统ELM方法和BP神经网络法对比,结果证明该字符识别技术达到了较高的识别率,在训练速度上也比BP神经网络法提高了2~3个数量级。     

Fingerprint matching based on extreme learning machine

Considering fingerprint matching as a classification problem, the extreme learning machine (ELM) is a powerful classifier for assigning inputs to their corresponding classes, which offers better generalization performance, much faster learning speed, and minimal human intervention, and is therefore able to overcome the disadvantages of other gradient-based, standard optimization-based, and least squares-based learning techniques, such as high computational complexity, difficult parameter tuning, and so on. This paper proposes a novel fingerprint recognition system by first applying the ELM and Regularized ELM (R-ELM) to fingerprint matching to overcome the demerits of traditional learning methods. The proposed method includes the following steps: effective preprocessing, extraction of invariant moment features, and PCA for feature selection. Finally, ELM and R-ELM are used for fingerprint matching. Experimental results show that the proposed methods have a higher matching accuracy and are less time-consuming; thus, they are suitable for real-time processing. Other comparative studies involving traditional methods also show that the proposed methods with ELM and R-ELM outperform the traditional ones.     

Surface reconstruction based on extreme learning machine

In this paper, extreme learning machine (ELM) is used to reconstruct a surface with a high speed. It is shown that an improved ELM, called polyharmonic extreme learning machine (P-ELM), is proposed to reconstruct a smoother surface with a high accuracy and robust stability. The proposed P-ELM improves ELM in the sense of adding a polynomial in the single-hidden-layer feedforward networks to approximate the unknown function of the surface. The proposed P-ELM can not only retain the advantages of ELM with an extremely high learning speed and a good generalization performance but also reflect the intrinsic properties of the reconstructed surface. The detailed comparisons of the P-ELM, RBF algorithm, and ELM are carried out in the simulation to show the good performances and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于核极限学习机的标记分布学习

标记分布学习作为一种新的学习范式,利用最大熵模型构造的专用化算法能够很好地解决某些标记多样性问题,但是计算量巨大。基于此,引入运行速度快、稳定性更高的核极限学习机模型,提出基于核极限学习机的标记分布学习算法（KELM-LDL）。首先在极限学习机算法中通过RBF核函数将特征映射到高维空间,然后对原标记空间建立KELM回归模型求得输出权值,最后通过模型计算预测未知样本的标记分布。与现有算法在各领域不同规模数据集的实验表明,实验结果均优于多个对比算法,统计假设检验进一步说明KELM-LDL算法的有效性和稳定性。     

基于去噪自编码器的极限学习机

针对极限学习机算法（ELM）参数随机赋值降低算法鲁棒性及性能受噪声影响显著的问题，将去噪自编码器（DAE）与ELM算法相结合，提出了基于去噪自编码器的极限学习机算法（DAE-ELM）。首先，通过去噪自编码器产生ELM的输入数据、输入权值与隐含层参数；然后，以ELM求得隐含层输出权值，完成对分类器的训练。该算法一方面继承了DAE的优点，自动提取的特征更具代表性与鲁棒性，对于噪声有较强的抑制作用；另一方面克服了ELM参数赋值的随机性，增强了算法鲁棒性。实验结果表明，在不含噪声影响下DAE-ELM相较于ELM、PCA-ELM、SAA-2算法，其分类错误率在MNIST数据集中至少下降了5.6%，在Fashion MNIST数据集中至少下降了3.0%，在Rectangles数据集中至少下降了2.0%，在Convex数据集中至少下降了12.7%。     

An extreme learning machine approach for speaker recognition

Over the last two decades, automatic speaker recognition has been an interesting and challenging problem to speech researchers. It can be classified into two different categories, speaker identification and speaker verification. In this paper, a new classifier, extreme learning machine, is examined on the text-independent speaker verification task and compared with SVM classifier. Extreme learning machine (ELM) classifiers have been proposed for generalized single hidden layer feedforward networks with a wide variety of hidden nodes. They are extremely fast in learning and perform well on many artificial and real regression and classification applications. The database used to evaluate the ELM and SVM classifiers is ELSDSR corpus, and the Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficients were extracted and used as the input to the classifiers. Empirical studies have shown that ELM classifiers and its variants could perform better than SVM classifiers on the dataset provided with less training time.