应用IAWQ2活性污泥模型管理SBR工艺操作运行

活性污泥数学模型是一个十分有用的污水处理厂运行管理工具,它模拟污水处理工艺,寻找工艺缺陷提出修补意见,达到优化污水处理工艺的目的.以海宁城市污水处理厂已运行的SBR工艺数据,应用STOAT软件进行IAWQ2(活性污泥动力学模型)建模,仿真模拟各种运行参数,提高处理能力,降低能源消耗,优化操作工艺.模型的建立可立即回答各种工艺问题.     

HYBAS~(TM)流动床生物膜工艺用于污水厂的升级改造

HYBASTM结合了活性污泥和流动床生物膜(MBBR)两种工艺的优点,通过在活性污泥反应系统中投加填料和对生物反应系统的改造,有效提高了污水厂生物脱氮的能力,为新建污水处理厂和既有污水处理厂的升级改造提供了一个全新的思路。以兖州污水处理厂升级改造工程为例,分析了HYBASTM工艺在污水厂升级改造中的应用效果。     

RBF网络用于活性污泥系统仿真研究

以污水处理厂实际运行资料为样本，研究了基于径向基函数(RBF)网络的活性污泥系统数学模型的建模方法，并对该模型进行了仿真应用。     

面向对象的城市污水处理厂模拟控制软件开发

基于活性污泥数学模型，从面向对象的软件分析入手建立污水厂软件开发模型，进而进行了面向对象的软件设计过程，最终采用Visual Basic 6．0（VB）实现了城市污水处理厂模拟控制软件的开发。该软件可实现污水处理厂的工艺过程模拟、优化、控制及运行数据管理上报，同时还可模拟多种活性污泥工艺，为污水处理厂的设计提供比选依据。     

活性污泥膨胀的特性研究

1 概述 目前,我国约有60％的城市污水处理厂和大部分工业废水处理厂采用活性污泥法生物处理过程,活性污泥系统工作的好坏,将直接关系污水厂的处理效果。     

ASMs仿真软件在污水处理厂中的应用

活性污泥数学模型ASMs是活性污泥法处理城市生活污水的动态机理模型,机理较完善,并得到了大量研究与应用。这些动态机理模型较全面合理地描述了活性污泥法处理城市污水的动态过程与其中水质组分的变化与转化,可作为活性污泥法的工艺分析与设计优化的理论基础。其重要的应用是基于ASMs可开发出污水处理仿真软件,从而利于活性污泥工艺的设计、优化与分析比较。从仿真原理、仿真软件特点以及仿真软件的应用实例与优势等方面,对这些基于ASMs的仿真软件进行了详细分析与介绍,为其应用研究提供参考。     

无锡太湖新城污水厂二期生物池溶解氧控制优化

污水处理厂生物池的溶解氧控制对于活性污泥法脱氮除磷工艺(如改良A2/O工艺)的运行十分重要.结合活性污泥模型软件计算不同工况下的曝气量,对无锡太湖新城污水厂二期生物池的曝气管路系统进行了设计优化,并采用生物工艺智能优化系统( BIOS)在实际运行中根据进水负荷动态设定溶解氧目标值,保证工艺稳定和排放达标,并可节省曝气能耗.     

数学模拟在污水处理厂节能减排中的应用和发展

在国内外节能减排的大背景下,污水处理厂面临着巨大的提标改造和节能减排压力。基于活性污泥数学模型的数学模拟技术在国内外许多污水处理厂的模拟仿真、运行诊断与工艺优化、升级评估、节能减排等方面得到广泛的应用,文章主要介绍了数学模拟技术在污水处理厂节能减排方面的发展和应用情况,并提出今后国内的主要研究方向。     

南方某污水厂UNITANK工艺的活性污泥性状评估

目前,南方城镇污水处理厂的进水污染物浓度普遍偏低,受此影响经常出现除污效率偏低、活性污泥性状不佳等问题,导致出水水质不稳定。为此,研究了采用UNITANK工艺的南方某典型城镇污水处理厂的处理效果及活性污泥性状。该污水处理厂半年平均进水COD、BOD5、氨氮、总磷浓度分别为78.1、21.88、11.42、1.63 mg/L,平均出水浓度分别为21.0、6.33、1.34、1.12mg/L,除总磷外其他指标均能稳定达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)中的一级A标准。出水总磷浓度高于1.0 mg/L的主要原因可能是上一次污水处理厂停产后对活性污泥系统进行恢复,刻意降低排泥频率导致磷在活性污泥系统中累积。由于长期碳源不足,污泥的VSS/SS和SVI值都偏低,难以观测到钟虫、累枝虫和轮虫,表明污泥系统营养状况不佳,污泥活性并未处于最佳状态。系统内微生物长期处于内源呼吸状态,污泥很有可能处于老化阶段。     

活性污泥法处理污水的运行管理

对采用活性污泥法污水处理厂进行了介绍,主要包括系统平衡和实现数据化管理     

啤酒污泥用作城市污水厂种泥的试验研究

为考察啤酒厂污水处理站的脱水污泥（简称啤酒污泥）用作城市污水厂接种污泥的可行性，摸索污泥的培养与驯化规律，采用连续操作、全流量同步培养和驯化方法，在处理能力为500m^2／d的UNITANK池中对啤酒污泥进行了培养和驯化。试验结果表明，啤酒污泥完全可以作为城市污水处理厂的接种污泥使用，而且培养时间短，出水水质好。曝气0．5h、厌氧搅拌1h时，活性污泥增长最快。将DO控制在2mg／L左右有利于活性污泥的增长；当DO长时间在7mg／L以上时，污泥浓度下降趋势明显。污泥浓度达到2000mg／L所需的培养驯化时间仅为5d；使出水水质达到一级B标准所需的培养时间约为6d。这种培养、驯化方法和经验可为其他城市污水处理厂的建设和运行提供参考。     

Biological hydrolysis and acidification of sludge under anaerobic conditions: the effect of sludge type and origin on the production and composition of volatile fatty acids

New wastewater treatment processes resulting in considerably reduced sludge production and more effective treatment are needed. This is due to the more stringent legislations controlling discharges of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and existing problems such as high sludge production. In this study, the feasibility of implementing biological hydrolysis and acidification process on different types of municipal sludge was investigated by batch and semi-continuous experiments. The municipal sludge originated from six major treatment plants located in Denmark were used. The results showed that fermentation of primary sludge produced the highest amount of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and generated significantly higher COD- and VFA-yields compared to the other sludge types regardless of which WWTP the sludge originated from. Fermentation of activated and primary sludge resulted in 1.9-5.6% and 8.1-12.6% COD-yields, soluble COD (SCOD)/total COD (TCOD), in batch experiments, respectively. The COD-yields for primary, activated and mixed sludge were 19.1%, 6.5% and 21.37%, respectively, in semi-continuous experiments operated at solids retention time (SRT) of 5d and temperature of 37 degrees C. The benefit of fermentation for full-scale application was roughly estimated based on the experiments performed in semi-continuous reactors. The results revealed that even though the VFA production of primary sludge was higher compared to activated sludge, substantial amounts of VFA could be produced by fermentation of activated sludge due to the substantially higher production of activated sludge in WWTPs.     

Development and application of a resazurin-based biomass activity test for activated sludge plant management

A rapid, robust and cost-effective method of assaying the metabolic activity of the biomass of activated sludge plants would be a valuable process control tool in the wastewater treatment industry. We have developed and optimised a simple colorimetric test protocol, based on the redox dye resazurin, in which levels of reduction of the dye are proportional to cell biomass and respiration rate in both freshly sampled municipal sludges and in a surrogate activated sludge culture, Polytox. The method has been used to assess the impact of trade wastes on the activities of two municipal activated sludge populations of differing characteristics.     

高浓度氨氮生活污水对UCT工艺系统的影响及对策

研究了高浓度氨氮城市生活污水对UCT工艺的影响及相应对策。结果表明,采用UCT工艺处理高浓度氨氮城市生活污水,经过较长时间的污泥驯化和运行调节,系统能达到最佳运行状态,CODcrBOD5NH3-N、TN和TP去除率分别达到88．8％,97．2％,96．2％,85．7％和51．1％,TP需要进一步进行物化处理;UCT工艺的脱氮除磷效率较高,对高浓度氨氮城市生活污水基本可以达到理想的处理效果;高浓度氨氮城市生活污水对活性污泥有明显的冲击,污泥驯化培养需要较长的时间;为提高系统的处理效率可增加好氧区的曝气量,但会对活性污泥产生明显的影响,使出水CODcr和SS含量偏高;高浓度氨氮城市生活污水对UCT工艺脱氮除磷效果有明显的影响,好氧区停留时间、曝气量、硝化液回流比和碳源成为影响因素,可在这些方面加以调节。     

重庆市城市污水厂污泥处理处置规划及有关问题

对重庆市城市污水厂污泥处理处置规划进行了简要介绍,对规划目标的确定、污泥产率指数的确定方法、污泥处理处置技术路线的选定、污泥处理处置管理体制等进行了探讨.     

Simulation and optimization of chemically enhanced primary/activated sludge treatment for small communities

Over the last two decades, the use of coagulation and flocculation has been emphasized for the enhancement of primary sedimentation in municipal wastewater treatment plants. This work is concerned with the development of an approach for the simulation and optimization of a chemically enhanced primary treatment (CEPT)/activated sludge scheme for municipal wastewater treatment using ferric chloride as a coagulant. A mathematical model has been developed which comprises empirical relations for the CEPT stage based on reported experimental data. The activated sludge model has been based on reported rules of thumb.

Optimization has been undertaken using the BOX Complex Routine to minimize a cost objective function with controlling parameters. The effect of varying operating cost components on the cost function has been also assessed via sensitivity analysis.

Results indicate that, for small communities, the addition of a CEPT stage is recommended based on technical and economic consideration for current and prospective costs and prices.     

城市污水处理厂污泥调质用絮凝剂的选择

经浓缩的城市污水处理厂剩余污泥,一般是通过投加絮凝剂调质后进行机械脱水处理。絮凝剂品种选择、投加量多少都直接影响污泥的脱水效果,絮凝剂的费用也是污泥处理运行费用的重要组成部分。结合镇江污水处理厂污泥的产生、浓缩处理、脱水形式过程的生产实践,针对污泥的调质用絮凝剂的种类、用量等着手,进行絮凝剂的分析选择。提出了絮凝剂的选择应该遵循的原则以及确定污泥处理中药剂费的简易方法,同时建议城市污水处理厂在运行中应根据季节的变化调整絮凝剂用量。     

Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in sewage treatment plants

In this study, the concentrations of PFOS and PFOA in the biological units of various full-scale municipal sewage treatment plants were measured. Samples of influent, primary effluent, aeration tank effluent, final effluent and grab samples of primary, activated, secondary and anaerobically digested sludge were collected by 5 sampling events over one year. The two sewage treatment plants (STPs) selected for this study include plant A receiving 95% domestic wastewater and plant B receiving 60% industrial wastewater and 40% domestic wastewater. PFOS and PFOA were observed at higher concentration in aqueous and sludge samples in plant B than that of plant A. Mass flow of PFOS increased significantly (mean 94.6%) in conventional activated sludge process (CAS) of plant B, while it remained consistent after the secondary treatment in plant A. Mass flow of PFOA increased 41.6% (mean) in CAS of plants A and B and 76.6% in membrane biological reactor (MBR), while it remained unchanged after the treatment of liquid treatment module (LTM). Our results suggest that mass flow of these two compounds remains consistent after treatment of activated sludge process operating at short sludge retention time (SRT). Seasonal variations of PFOS in concentrations of raw sewage were found in plant A, while PFOA did not have significant seasonal variation in both plants A and B.     

Assessing wastewater metal toxicity with bacterial bioluminescence in a bench-scale wastewater treatment system

The effectiveness of a previously developed toxicity monitoring method for activated sludge wastewater treatment employing a bioluminescent bacterium (Shk1) was evaluated in batch experiments and a bench-scale activated sludge system exposed to heavy metals (Cu, Zn, Ni, and Cd). Influent wastewater (primary clarifier supernatant) and activated sludge from a municipal wastewater treatment plant were used in both batch experiments and in the bench-scale wastewater treatment system. Shk1 bioluminescence was most sensitive to Cd and Zn, followed by Cu, and then Ni in order of decreasing sensitivity. In contrast, activated sludge specific oxygen uptake rate was most sensitive to Cu, followed by Cd and Zn, and finally Ni. The same pattern of sensitivity was observed in batch and bench-scale evaluations. Batch experiments examining the effect of metal adsorption were performed. The adsorption of metals to activated sludge and reduction in bioavailability due to chelation by soluble organics or by precipitation in wastewater was found to be an important effect in mediating differences in toxicity response between bioluminescence and respirometry. Batch adsorption experiments indicated that the activated sludge adsorption capacity was highest for Cu, followed by Cd, Ni, and then Zn. A simple mathematical model for the soluble metal concentration in the aeration basin and clarifier was developed utilizing metal distribution coefficients determined from the batch adsorption experiments. Model predictions compared well with results from the bench-scale activated sludge experiments.     

Persistent chemicals in pulp mill effluents: Occurrence and behaviour in an activated sludge treatment plant

In wastewater effluents of a Swiss pulp mill more than 50 organic chemicals were identified including chlorinated phenols, chloroform, chlorinated terpenoids and chlorinated resin acids. Quantitative determinations were carried out to investigate the behaviour of the most abundant constituents during wastewater treatment in an activated sludge process. In particular, the chlorinated compounds were only partly eliminated. The lipophilic chlorinated phenols were physically absorbed to some extent into the activated sludge biomass. The importance of this nonbiological elimination mechanism was evaluated by applying distribution coefficients between activated sludge particles and water which were determined for a series of chlorinated phenols. Chloroform and other purgeable compounds were removed mainly by transfer into the ambient air. The impact of the persistent wastewater constituents on the water quality in the receiving River Aare was assessed. It was estimated that the concentrations of chlorinated phenols in the river caused by the discharge of the treated pulp mill wastewater are about 10 times lower than the levels of pentachlorophenol which typically occur in Swiss rivers receiving effluents from municipal wastewater treatment plants.