激光生物学研究进展

本文评述近年来激光生物学的若干研究与发展,其中着重描述我国采用激光辐照所引起的激光生物效应的研究情况。文中对激光生物效应的机理作了初步探讨,并就我国的现状提出若干建议。     

激光生物学作用机理探讨

本文对激光的生物学作用机制从激光的光，电磁，热和压力效应四个方面进行了讨论。作者认为生物体以共振和非线性形式吸收光能后，能导致生物分子变化，其形式主要表现为：异构化，激发电子，光解离及产生自由基；而电磁场效应则主要表现为电离辐射，非电离辐射和磁场作用；热效应和压力效庆则是通过加剧分子运动和破坏分子及组织结构形式影响的生活活动。     

低能量激光应用于医学治疗的机理研究进展

低能量激光与生物使用会产生生物效应，交过种生物效应应用于医学，可以对某些疾病产生治疗效果，关于低能量激光在医学治疗的机理研究方兴未艾，本文介绍了近年来低能量激光应用于医学治疗的机理研究进展。     

激光特性参数与激光生物效应

本文从国内近年来开展的多种激光生物效应实践出发,探讨激光特性参数对激光生物效应的影响。文中指出不同波长激光可对同一生物体产生同一类型变异,不同种类生物体对应最佳波长、最佳剂量不同。低剂量激光对众多生物体产生有效刺激效应。在低功率激光生物效应中空间相干性起主要作用。非偏振激光可获有效生物效应。文中还对某些实验现象作了解释。     

激光生物作用及其影响因子

本文对影响激光生物作用的因子进行了讨论，组织的吸收和散射，入射激光束的直径以及含色素组织的尺寸等因子决策了激光作用下组织中光能的沉积区域，短激光脉冲能在光能沉积区内产生最强的光热和光机械作用，在高强度激光的辐照下，组织焦斑的形成会改变光能沉积区，并改变激光生物作用效果。     

激光技术在生物学中的研究领域及应用前景

激光作为工具、测量装置和分析仪器已在生物学和相近学科中得到广泛应用。与其他研究领域一样，激光技术也明显存在与其他学科的交叉联系。首先是医学，从生物学到医学的应用一直是激光界与生物界、医学界科研人员研究的课题。本文介绍激光技术在生物学中的一些研究领域以及这些领域的技术成熟程度及应用前景。1．激光技术在生物学中的研究领域图1示出激光技术在生物学中的各个研究领域。1．1激光微加工和激光控制生物体，如细菌、病毒、整个细胞或亚细胞粒子的精密处理和控制是先进的生物、医学和生物工程研究的必要先决条件。激光系统和显…     

激光与DNA作用系统的随机共振研究

建立了激光与ＤＮＡ分子系统相互作用的Ｆｏｋｋｅｒ－Ｐｌａｎｃｋ方程，通过对该方程的数值研究，发现在绝热近似下，系统发生随机共振，噪声强度，激光振幅和频率协同作用共同制约着生物系统的演化过程，噪声强度在生物系统遗传变异过程中可能起重要作用。     

农业激光生物效应与激光参量

本文简要介绍了激光参量对农业激光生物效应的影响及其研究进展，并从生物学角度讨论了有关问题。     

低能量激光照射引起的细胞增殖以及凋亡效应的一些分子机制研究

低能量激光照射(LPLI)可以调节多种生物过程.大量的实验结果表明它能够促进细胞增殖与分化.最近的研究表明高通量的低能情激光照射(HF-LPLDI)可以诱导细胞凋亡.低能量激光照射可以影响多种细胞内生理指标的水平.其中活性氧(ROS)的产生被认为是低能量激光照射引起的细胞生物效应中关键的因素.在分子水平上,低能量激光引起的细胞生物效应主要由一些信号蛋白来执行,简要介绍了低能量激光照射引起生物效应的研究进展,重点介绍了低能量激光照射的光化学本质,以及引起的细胞增殖和凋亡效应的分子机制.     

激光在生物医学中的应用研究

介绍了激光的特性、激光的生物效应及激光在是临床医学上的应用，并着重介绍了激光在牙科治疗上的应用。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.