In basic science the percentage of “authoritative” references decreases as bibliographies become shorter

Scientometrics - The empirical question addressed in this contribution is: How does the relative frequency at which authors in a research field cite “authoritative” documents in the...     

The scientometric portrait of Eugene Garfield through the free ResearcherID service from the Web of Science Core Collection of 67 million master records and 1.3 billion references

Eugene Garfield came up with the idea of citation-based searching in the early 1950s, and followed it by releasing three unique databases, for the Sciences, Social Sciences, and Arts & Humanities, as well as a yearly Journal Citations Report for the Sciences and thee Social Sciences. It took more than four decades before other database publishers started to add the cited references to their indexing/abstracting records. The Google Scholar database has been built on Garfield’s original idea, and broadly idolized as a free database. Garfield’s ultimate response -among others- was to release a database to allow the users to look up by author names or identification code. This article paints a scientometric portrait of Garfield as a tribute, demonstrating and commenting on how many times his ouvre was cited by, in which sources (processed for the Citation Indexes), when and where, from which countries and institutions, in which format.     

关于一个不等式的猜想

文献 [1 ]提出了一个猜想 :设 a >1 ,记Sn =a +… +a ( n个根号 ) ,g( n) =( a -Sn) / ( a -Sn- 1 ) ,问 g( n)的最优上下界是什么 ?猜测 g( n) >1a2 .本文给出该猜想以满意的答复     

用蔗糖标准溶液校准阿贝折射仪的可行性及其不确定度评定

本文介绍了一种利用蔗糖标准溶液校准阿贝折射仪的方法,并且对其可行性及其不确定度进行了分析.     

关于值分布论中一个著名猜测的推广

运用Nevanlinna的亚纯函数理论方法，研究了超越亚纯函数的值分布理论，获得了如下的结论：设f为超越亚纯函数，c为f的不恒等于0的的小函数，则当n≥3时，f^n f’-c有无穷多个零点；若附加条件厂只有有限多个级≤2的零点，则对一切正整数n，f^n f’-c都有无穷多个零点．因而对Chiang Y M的问题作出了部分回答．     

On the extension of a crack due to rigid inclusions

Dislocation layers have been utilized to study the effect of rigid inclusion on the crack extension in an infinite body and thereby to derive the crack extension condition from Irwin's criterion. Some particular cases have also been considered.

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Résumé On a eu recours aux couches de dislocation pour étudier l'effet d'une inclusion rigide sur l'extension d'une fissure dans un corps infini et déterminer en conséquence les conditions d'extension d'une fissure en utilisant le critère d'Irwin. Certains cas particuliers ont également été considérés.

     

An extension of Mangler transformation to a 3-D problem

Considering the linearized boundary layer equations for three-dimensional disturbances, a Mangler type transformation is used to reduce this case to an equivalent two-dimensional one.     

Cluster analysis of bibliographic references as a scientometric method

Possible applications of cluster analysis of bibliographic references as a scientometric method are studied. It is shown that cluster analysis made by means of bibliographic coupling byKessler and co-citation byMarshakova-Small present comparable results. Science maps on immunological topics are made. Particularly for historico-scientific studies it is useful to make clusters in rectangular coordinates taking into account the value of citing the document and the year of its publication. It is observed that at the junction points of sciences there is an almost twofold deceleration of the processes of application and spreading of knowledge. It is stated that the problem of information explosion does not exist on the level of new ideas, the number of which is less than 0.1% of the total volume of the published information flow 40% of which is formed by information noise.     

Non-symmetric extension of a crack

Summary The dynamic in-plane problem of the non-symmetric extension of a crack in an infinite, isotropic elastic medium under normal stress is analyzed. Following Cherepanov [8], Cherepanov and Afanas'ev [9] the general solution of the problem is derived in terms of an analytic function of complex variable. The results include the expressions for the stress intensity factors at the crack tips and the rate of energy flux into the cxtending crack edges. For a particular case, numerical calculations for the stress intensity factor and the energy flux rate are carried out.     

Non-symmetric extension of a plane crack due to tensile pre-stress and dilatational waves

Non-symmetric extension of an infinitesimal flaw into a plane crack at a constant rate due to a uniform tensile pre-stress and identical intersecting plane dilatational waves is considered. The wavefronts are not parallel and the wave stresses vanish at the wavefronts and vary linearly behind them. Fracture initiates at a point a finite time after the wave intersection there and a crack extends non-symmetrically along the trace of the wave intersection. For a given pre-stress level it is found that the time lag between wave intersection and fracture and the time rate of change of the propagating stresses have a marked effect on the stress intensity factors and rate of energy flux into the crack edges. Moreover the energy flux rate and stress intensity factors vary inversely with the faster crack edge speed if that edge extends in the direction of increasing applied stress.     

On the extension of a crack due to non-uniform internal pressure

The effect of a non-uniform internal pressure on crack extension has been studied with the help of Somigliana's method. The case when the non-uniform internal pressure arises as a consequence of the normal displacement being specified over a part of the crack surface, the remaining part being subject to a uniform surface pressure, has also been considered.

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Résumé L'effet d'une pression interne non-uniforme sur l'extension d'une fissure a été étudié à l'aide de la méthode Somigliana. On a également considéré le cas qui correspond à une pression interne non-uniforme survenant en conséquence d'un déplacement normal spécifié sur une partie de la surface de la fissure tandis que la partie restante demeure sujette à une pression de surface uniforme.

     

An extension of Mercer's theorem to a class of non-symmetric integral equations

Summary In this paper it is shown that certain properties of selfadjoint boundary value problems with positive eigenvalues, like the countability of the discrete eigenvalues and the expand-ability of the problem's Green function, are presevred if the problem is perturbed and becomes non-selfadjoint through an additional term involving a positive, continuously varying parameter. This is so, if the parameter remains small enough and does not transgress the so called stability domain of the problem.

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Eine Erweiterung von Mercers Theorem auf eine Gruppe nichtsymmetrischer Integralgleichungen

Zusammenfassung In dieser Arbeit wird gezeigt, daß gewisse Eigenschaften von selbstadjungierten Randwertproblemen mit positiven Eigenwerten erhalten bleiben, wenn das Problem gestört wird, indem man ein nicht-selbstadjungiertes Glied in der Differentialgleichung hinzufügt, das einen positiven, kontinuierlichen Parameter enthält. Eigenschaften solcher Art sind: Abzählbarkeit der diskreten Eigenwerte und Entwickelbarkeit der Greenschen Funktion. Sie bleiben erhalten, wie behauptet, wenn der Parameter in dem Störungsglied klein genug bleibt und nicht den sogenannten Stabilitätsbereich des Problems verläßt.

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With 3 Figures     

Coupling to extension in a thickness-shear resonator due to relatively large thickness-shear deformation

We show that in a plate thickness-shear mode resonator of rotated Y-cut quartz coupling to extension occurs when the shear deformation is no longer infinitesimal. A set of coupled equations is derived with which the effect of coupling to extension on the thickness-shear operating mode is examined.     

一种新型疏水防潮包装纸板及其性能的研究

制备了具有绿色环保特点的聚乳酸(PLA)溶液涂覆的疏水防潮纸板(原纸和箱板纸),并研究了其性能。结果表明:涂覆后,纸板的表面更加光滑,疏水防潮性能也有所提高;根据所使用聚乳酸溶液的质量浓度的不同,纸板水分吸附率的降低程度也不尽相同,在1~3 g/mL内,质量浓度越高,水分吸附率下降得越多,拉伸强度也随之增强。     

Relative age of references as a tool to identify emerging research fields with an application to the field of ecology and environmental sciences

Emerging scientific fields are commonly identified by different citation based bibliometric parameters. However, their main shortcoming is the existence of a time lag needed for a publication to receive citations. In the present study, we assessed the relationship between the age of references in scientific publications and the change in publication rate within a research field. Two indices based on the age of references are presented, the relative age of references and the ratio of references published during the preceding 2 years, and applied thereafter on four datasets from the previously published studies, which assessed eutrophication research, sturgeon research, fisheries research, and the general field of ecology. We observed a consistent pattern that the emerging research topics had a lower median age of references and a higher ratio of references published in the preceding 2 years than their respective general research fields. The main advantage of indices based on the age of references is that they are not influenced by a time lag, and as such they are able to provide insight into current scientific trends. The best potential of the presented indices is to use them combined with other approaches, as each one can reveal different aspects and properties of the assessed data, and provide validation of the obtained results. Their use should be however assessed further before they are employed as standard tools by scientists, science managers and policy makers.     

Finite twist and extension of a cylindrical elastic membrane

Summary We consider a circular cylindrical membrane subjected to longitudinal extension and twist. The associated equilibrium deformation is considered to be axisymmetric and the analysis is based on a direct two-dimensional formulation. Wrinkling of the membrane is taken into account in an approximate way by introducing arelaxed strain energy function derived from the neo-Hookean strain energy for isotropic elastic solids. Analytical formulae for wrinkled parts of the membrane are used to corroborate the results of a numerical treatment of the full boundary value problem.Dedicated to the memory of A. C. Pipkin     

Visualizing the context of citations referencing papers published by Eugene Garfield: a new type of keyword co-occurrence analysis

During Eugene Garfield’s (EG’s) lengthy career as information scientist, he published about 1500 papers. In this study, we use the impressive oeuvre of EG to introduce a new type of bibliometric networks: keyword co-occurrences networks based on the context of citations, which are referenced in a certain paper set (here: the papers published by EG). The citation context is defined by the words which are located around a specific citation. We retrieved the citation context from Microsoft Academic. To interpret and compare the results of the new network type, we generated two further networks: co-occurrence networks which are based on title and abstract keywords from (1) EG’s papers and (2) the papers citing EG’s publications. The comparison of the three networks suggests that papers of EG and citation contexts of papers citing EG are semantically more closely related to each other than to titles and abstracts of papers citing EG. This result accords with the use of citations in research evaluation that is based on the premise that citations reflect the cognitive influence of the cited on the citing publication.