用合成蒽醌BB酸母液生产高纯聚氯化铝及聚硫氯化铝的工艺

介绍了以合成蒽醌副产BB酸母液、氨水、盐酸为主要原料,生产制备高纯度——聚氯化铝及聚硫氯化铝的工艺过程。实践证明以该工艺制备的聚氯化铝及聚硫氯化铝具有高纯度、应用效果好的显著优点,特别适合于饮用水、食品、化妆品、医药等行业的应用要求。同时,该工艺具有流程短、不产生“二次污染”的特点,是一种环保型新工艺。     

氯化铝锂的合成

提出了以无水氯化锂和无水氯化铝为原料,在干燥的空气中通过熔融反应合成氯化铝锂的新工艺。该工艺比已有的在氦气条件中合成氯化铝锂的工艺成本低,反应条件温和,用空气氧化法除去杂质,解决了在惰性气体条件下合成出的氯化铝锂颜色不白的问题。新工艺产品纯度＞９７．００％,产率＞９７．０％,颜色洁白、质量好。     

合成蒽醌BB酸母液生产高纯聚氯化铝及聚硫氯化铝的工艺

介绍了以合成蒽醌副产BB酸母液、氨水、盐酸为主要原料,生产制备高纯度聚氯化铝及聚硫氯化铝的工艺过程。实践证明以该工艺制备的聚氯化铝及聚硫氯化铝具有高纯度、应用效果好的显著优点,特别适合于饮用水、食品、化妆品、医药等行业的应用要求。同时,该工艺具有流程短、不产生"二次污染"的特点,是一种环保型新工艺。     

国内简讯

国内简讯碱式氯化铝的微波合成王文丰（西北大学应用化学研究所，西安７１００６９）碱式氯化铝是一种新型高效无机高分子混凝剂，具有吸附活性高、凝聚力强、絮凝物生成和沉降快、适用范围广等优点。三氯化铝湿式热分解合成碱式氯化铝法是三氯化铝溶液浓缩到一定浓度后，...     

昭和电工开发出一药物中间体用的新催化剂

日本昭和电工(SDK)公司已开发出一种合成α-四氢萘酮用新催化剂。与目前用金属试剂(如氯化铝)的方法相比,该固态酸催化剂产生的废物少,有利环保。新的工艺与常规的多步合成工艺相比,     

微波诱导合成磷酸铝的研究

利用微波诱导，由磷酸二氢钠和氯化铝快速合成了磷酸铝。最佳合成条件：磷酸二氢钠与氯化铝的配比４：１，微波辐射时间４０ｍｉｎ，微波功率６００Ｗ，产率９５．８％。     

一种新型混凝剂的研制与应用

通过采用焙烧工艺合成高纯铝酸钙,制备高效氯化铝钙混凝剂的方法,研制一种生产高效絮凝剂的新工艺技术;对焙烧和酸溶工艺在制备过程中的作用进行了探讨;应用该混凝剂对本钢转炉集尘洗涤水进行了处理试验。结果表明,由于氯化铝钙可提供Ca^2 ,压缩了带负电的双电层,有效地破坏了胶体稳定性,使悬浮颗粒凝聚能力增强。     

碱式氯化铝在水处理工艺中的应用

碱式氯化铝在水处理工艺中的应用湖北化肥厂高圣强自１９９３年４月起，我厂在水处理工艺中采用碱式氯化铝作混凝剂，其效果良好。碱式氯化铝（简称ＢＡＣ），其分子通式为［Ａｌ＿２（ＯＨ）ｎＣｌ＿（６－ｍ）］＿６，它是一种多核多羟基多价的络合物电解质。在水溶液中...     

基于废酸处理的聚硫氯化铝净水剂的合成研究

以工业废酸为主要原料,采用凝胶酸溶法合成聚硫氯化铝净水剂,并对实验室配制的模拟废水进行净水效果试验。结果表明,当凝胶p H为7,反应时间为2 h,反应温度为90℃,熟化时间为6 h,熟化温度为60℃时,净水效果最优。在此工艺条件下,合成的聚硫氯化铝呈五面体形,对废水浊度去除率可达到96.85%,净水具有絮凝迅速,矾花体积大,易沉降的特点。聚硫氯化铝净水剂的合成可解决企业废酸处理的问题。     

防霉剂富马酸二乙酯的制备

以顺丁烯二酸酐和乙醇为原料 ,硫酸氢钠和氯化铝为催化剂合成富马酸二乙酯。考察了影响收率的因素 ,确定最佳工艺条件为 :顺丁烯二酸酐 0 1mol,乙醇 0 3mol,硫酸氢钠 0 5g ,氯化铝 0 6 g ,反应时间 4h ,油浴温度 110～ 12 0℃ ,收率可达 90 %以上。     

Abnormal structures in polyvinylchloride I—A method of estimating labile chloride groups in polyvinylchloride

An attempt has been made to estimate the amount of allylic chloride and tertiary chloride structures present in polyvinylchloride. Preliminary work using 2,4-dichloropentane, 4-chlorohexene-2, and 3-ethyl-3′-chloropentane as model compounds with secondary chloride, allylic chloride and tertiary chloride structures, has shown appreciable differences in the reactivity of these groups towards metal acetates in ester exchange reactions. The addition of a second component such as pyridine or epichlorhydrin was found to be necessary to produce a stable ester structure. Procedures have been devised for estimating allylic chlorides and tertiary chlorides present in polyvinylchloride based on results with model compounds. The extent of chloride replacement by acetate has been determined from the i.r. absorption at 1720 cm⁻¹. Support for the procedures adopted has been obtained from work with alkali-treated PVC and chlorinated alkali-treated PVC, and although the method is not yet quantitative, an indication of the relative proportions of allylic and tertiary chloride structures present in polyvinylchloride can be obtained. Results with fractionated commercial PVC indicate that the higher molecular weight fractions contain largely tertiary chloride structures whereas the lower molecular weight fractions contain more allylic chloride groups.     

低浓度含氯介质中氯离子向局部腐蚀闭塞区内的迁移规律及其对应力腐蚀破裂的影响

The enrichment of chloride anion within the occluded cell （OC） for Type 304 austenitic stainless steel in low chloride concentration solution has been investigated by means of a simulated OC. The influence of the enrichment of chloride anion on stress corrosion crack （SCC） of Type 304 stainless steel has been studied. It was observed that the amount of chloride anion migration was proportional to the charge flowing through the anode. Owning to the effects of enrichment of chloride anion, low chloride concentration solution could induce SCC for Type 304 stainless steel.     

Effects of material and environmental parameters on chloride penetration profiles in concrete structures

On the basis of the transport mechanism of chloride ion, a prediction model of chloride penetration into concrete structures has been developed. The model includes the diffusion of chloride and its dependences on temperature, age, relative humidity, chloride binding and chloride convection by moisture transport. The experimental program has been set up to verify the model developed in the present study. Several series of concrete specimens were immersed in 3.5% chloride solutions for 15 weeks, and the chloride profiles of the specimens were measured and compared to the predicted chloride profiles. In addition, field measurements have been also conducted. From 10-year-old bridge piers, the chloride profiles in concrete under tidal zone were measured and compared with the predicted chloride profiles. The effects of chloride binding, relative humidity, temperature, exposure condition, and age-dependence on the chloride penetration in concrete were clarified from the present analyses. It was found from the present study that all these variables affect greatly the chloride penetration profiles in concrete. The comparison of the laboratory and field test data with the present theory confirms that the proposed model can be realistically used to predict the penetration of chloride ions into concrete structures under sea environments. Further, these results may be efficiently used for the realistic assessment and design for durability of concrete structures.     

SALT EFFECT IN HEAT OF MIXING: EFFECT OF DISSOLVED SALTS ON THE HEAT OF MIXING OF 2-PROPANOL-BENZENE SYSTEM

The effect of three dissolved salts namely sodium chloride, calcium chloride and zinc chloride on the heat of mixing (endothermic) of the binary system 2-propanol-benzene has been experimentally investigated. The salts were dissolved in the component in which they were preferentially soluble to concentrations up to 15% by weight wherever possible. The experimentation was done at 30°C using a standard type calorimeter attached to a micro-processor based control unit M1PROC The established experimental procedure was followed. The salts sodium chloride and zinc chloride brought about an enhancement in the heat of mixing values. Calcium chloride on the other hand has been found to produce an opposite effect.     

Effect of phase transfer catalysts on the interfacial tension of water/toluene system

The effect on the interfacial tension of the water toluene system has been studied at 25 °C in the presence of four phase-transfer catalysts i.e. tricaprylmethyl ammonium chloride, hexadecyltrimethyl ammonium chloride, hex-adecytrimethyl ammonium bromide and hexadecyltributyl phosphonium bromide. The interfacial tension of aqueous phenol/resorcinol-toluene in the presence and absence of tricaprylmethyl ammonium chloride has also been reported. Attempt has been made to elucidate the change in volumetric rate of extraction with different catalysts for two phase reactions, on the basis of interfacial tension.     

农用氯化铵精制的研究进展

综述了农用氯化铵精制的研究进展和方法。对含氯化钾的农用氯化胺进行了精制研究，确定了对含氯化钾的农用氯化铵精制工艺的实验方法，确定了添加剂，提出了精制的最佳工艺条件，其产品质量达到了工业一级的国家标准。     

Identification of contaminants in isophthaloyl chloride by mass-spectrometry,gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,and by liquid chromatography

Conclusions By gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry, mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography, the following possible contaminants in isophthaloyl chloride have been identified: isophthalic acid, isophthaloyl mono acid chloride, chloroisophthaloyl chloride (a mixture of isomers), chloroisophthalic acid, monochloroisophthaloyl chloride, (3-dichloromethyl)benzoyl chloride, (3-trichloromethyl)benzoyl chloride, 3-formylbenzoyl chloride, isophthalic anhydride bis(acid chloride), isophthalic chloroisophthalic anhydride bis(acid chloride), and chloroisophthalic anhydride bis(acid chloride).A calibration of chromatographic columns for determining 4-monochloroisophthaloyl chloride, 4-chloroisophthaloyl chloride, and 4-chloroisophthalic acid has been carried out.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 58–60, September–October, 1988.     

Heterogeneous and homogeneous electron transfer in ambient temperature 1-alkylpyridinium chloride—aluminium chloride melts

1:2 molar ratio 1-methylpyridinium chloride—aluminium chloride and 1:2 m/o 1-butylpyridinium chloride—aluminium chloride melts offer a suitable solvent/supporting electrolyte medium for electrochemical studies of organic as well as inorganic solutes. Novel radical cation formation due to homogeneous electron transfer has also been observed for aromatic compounds having an oxidation potential more negative than + 1.5 V vs sce. Formation of the radical cations via homogeneous electron transfer has been confirmed by electrochemical, uv-vis spectroscopic, and esr techniques. The cation formation depends on the melt acidity, ie the 1-alkylpyridinium chloride—aluminium chloride ratio. These observations indicate that the 1:2 molar ratio 1-alkylpyridinium chloride—aluminium chloride melts are far more acidic than the corresponding 1:2 m/o alkali halide—aluminium chloride fused salt systems.     

SOLVENT EXTRACTION OP COPPER (II), NICKEL (II) AND COBALT(II) PROM HALIDE AND THIOCYANATE SOLUTIONS BY ALDOXIMES

The extraction of divalent copper, nickel and cobalt from acidic chloride solutions with solutions of heptaloxime, nonaloxime and 2-methyldekaloxime in toluene has been studied at 18*C.

These metals were found to be extracted according to the following solvation reaction:

The influence of syn-anti isomerization of aldoximes on the extraction has been discussed. Taking into account association and syn - anti isomerization constants of aldoximes in organic phase,hydration of extracted oomplexes and activities of salts in aqueous phase, effective extraction oonstants have been calculated for chloride solutions.

Separation of nickel and cobalt from aoidic chloride, bromide and thiooyanate solutions by extraction with heptaloxime has been studied.     

Effect of traces of water in the solvent on the heat of solution of terephthaloyl chloride in the amide-salt system

Conclusions The dependence of the heat of solution of terephthaloyl chloride in a mixture of dimethylacetamide and 3% lithium chloride on small amounts of water in the solvent (0.01–0.5% by wt.) has been determined, using a Calvet microcalorimeter. It has been shown that hydrolysis of the acid chloride takes place in the amide-salt system in the presence of water.A calorimetric method of determining small amounts of water in the solvent with high accuracy by use of a calorimetric method has been described.Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 6, pp. 16–17, November–December, 1983.