基于有效三维损耗矩阵的复合材料层合板模态阻尼预测

为了在复合材料层合板阻尼分析中既考虑层合板厚度方向应力、应变对结构阻尼的贡献,又不增加厚度方向的单元数量,基于复合材料的有效三维阻尼矩阵预报理论,建立了新的高效复合材料结构模态阻尼的三维有限元预测方法。沿层合板厚度方向将原结构分成若干亚层,每一亚层包含若干单层。根据合成理论计算每一亚层的刚度矩阵、柔度矩阵和有效三维阻尼损耗矩阵。对亚层划分单元,进行结构的有限元模态分析。根据模态分析结果,利用有效三维阻尼矩阵求出各个模态对应的模态阻尼。利用该理论,分别计算了单向层合板、对称层合板以及厚板的结构模态阻尼。数值计算结果表明,该方法具有很好的适用性,其优点在于既考虑了板厚方向的阻尼贡献,又减少了厚度方向的单元数,提高了计算的准确性和效率。      

粘弹性复合材料的有效三维阻尼矩阵预报与能耗计算

提出了一种计算纤维增强复合材料粘弹性阻尼和能耗的新方法。在层片的层次上,基于各向异性粘弹性理论导出以阻尼矩阵表示的材料能耗计算公式。在层板的层次上由能量等效原理得到有效阻尼矩阵。由此,可由层板的有效应力和有效应变计算出其能量耗散进而得到比阻尼。其中的关键点是有效阻尼矩阵的推导,最终得到的有效阻尼矩阵是各单层阻尼系数、体积分数、刚度系数以及层合板有效刚度系数的函数。用有效阻尼矩阵计算能耗可以适用于任意复合材料的应力应变状态,这对于粘弹性复合材料结构能耗的数值分析尤其重要。最后将该理论应用于几种情况下的复合材料的能耗和比阻尼分析,算例表明与其它的理论预测和试验相比吻合良好,证实了该方法的合理性。      

FRP的共固化阻尼改性

在结构材料中添加粘弹性阻尼材料能够很好的降低结构的振动响应,延长机器的使用寿命,这一点已事实证明。本文使用纤维增强复合材料与内夹的粘弹性阻尼层进行共固化处理,采用阻尼层穿孔的方法,考察了阻尼层的铺设面积比对共固化复合材料动、静态力学性能的影响规律。实验结果表明,阻尼层的穿孔率在0%～8%之间变化时,对复合材料的力学性能影响最大,增大穿孔率会使复合材料阻尼性能下降,静力学性能提高,减小穿孔率则相反。     

粘弹阻尼层共固化复合材料的阻尼特征分析

利用动态力学热分析技术(DMTA)测试了粘弹性阻尼材料在与复合材料共固化前后的动态力学性能,并利用有限元分析方法考察了复合材料共固化、粘弹性阻尼层的厚度以及复合材料柔性层对共固化复合材料的阻尼特征的影响.结果表明,复合材料共固化过程中由于树脂渗透等原因,共固化复合材料的阻尼峰值仅为理想状态的54%左右且阻尼峰值所对应的温度向高温方向移动;增加粘弹性阻尼层的厚度以及在阻尼层附近插入柔性层不仅可以提高粘弹阻尼层共固化复合材料的阻尼峰值,而且可拓宽共固化复合材料的阻尼温域.     

基于遗传算法的嵌入式共固化穿孔阻尼层复合材料结构优化

该文建立嵌入式共固化穿孔粘弹性层复合材料结构的遗传算法优化模型,采用混合编码方式对嵌入穿孔阻尼层的复合材料结构试件的粘弹性层穿孔布局进行优化,目标是在增大结构阻尼的同时尽量减少结构的刚度损失。研究结果表明：在不考虑复合材料穿孔阻尼层面积比变化对阻尼和刚度的敏感度时,最优方案是穿孔直径为2mm,孔距为9.90mm,此时阻尼层面积比为96.8%;在考虑复合材料穿孔阻尼层面积比变化对阻尼和刚度的敏感度时,最优方案是穿孔直径为2mm,孔距为9.06mm,此时阻尼层面积比为96.2%。研究结果对大阻尼高刚度嵌入式共固化复合材料阻尼构件的设计制作有重要指导意义。     

嵌入HXNBR阻尼薄膜共固化复合材料制备及界面结合机理

基于环氧树脂基体的固化工艺和氢化羧基丁腈橡胶(HXNBR)的硫化特性。根据正交试验法研制出一组能够与环氧树脂在180℃发生共固化的粘弹性阻尼材料。将阻尼材料制成胶浆，探索使用刷涂法将玻璃纤维/环氧树脂预浸料制成带有阻尼薄膜的预浸料，最终根据平板硫化机固化工艺制备出共固化复合材料。通过层间剪切试验和微观结构分析，验证其配方的可行性。通过层间剪切试验，获得层间剪切强度随阻尼层厚度的变化曲线。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱和X射线光电子能谱，分析出HXNBR和环氧树脂之间存在化学作用。旨在探索HXNBR和环氧树脂的界面结合机理，提高界面结合性能。这为共固化阻尼复合材料的广泛应用奠定了基础。     

中温共固化阻尼复合材料制备及层间结合性能

基于树脂基体的固化工艺与阻尼材料的硫化特性,利用正交试验法研制了一种能够与酚醛树脂在165℃发生共固化的黏弹性阻尼材料。然后将阻尼材料制成阻尼胶浆,探索使用刷涂工艺将中间层制成带有阻尼薄膜的预浸料,最终按照设计的铺层顺序根据共固化工艺制成玻璃纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料阻尼结构。通过层间剪切实验研究该复合材料结构的层间剪切性能,获得了层间剪切强度随阻尼层厚度的变化曲线。当阻尼层仅为0.1 mm时,其最大剪切力为4647 N,层间剪切强度达到7.435 MPa。随着阻尼层厚度的增大,共固化阻尼复合材料结构的层间剪切强度逐渐降低,实验研究表明,阻尼层与约束层间具有优异的层间结合性能。模态实验结果表明,共固化复合材料具有良好的阻尼层能。利用扫描电镜对其剪切失效面进行微观分析,结果表明树脂基体与阻尼材料具有良好的相容性。这为共固化阻尼复合材料的进一步应用提供了理论参考。     

阻尼层合板中波传播性能研究

最近许多约束阻尼复合结构的研究中,阻尼层一般都选用粘弹性材料,由于粘弹性材料的刚度一般远小于约束层和基层的刚度,所以大部分研究都在计算和建模时,忽略粘弹材料的弯曲刚度,而不考虑阻尼层的外延和弯曲变形的影响。应用高阶理论研究了敷设具有一定刚度的蜂房型粘弹性材料的约束阻尼层合板结构动力学方程,探讨了复合层合板梁在振动情况时材料的弯曲刚度,剪切刚度对弯曲波在复合梁中传播的能量损耗影响,以及各层厚对层合板梁的阻尼性能的影响。     

嵌入式共固化复合材料阻尼结构隔声性能实验研究

本文使用丁基橡胶作为粘弹性阻尼材料的主要原料,并使用模压法将该阻尼材料制成薄膜,再与环氧树脂玻璃布预浸料按固化曲线制得嵌入式共固化复合材料阻尼结构试件。然后使用驻波管法研究其隔声性能。试验结果表明：嵌入较薄阻尼层会在几乎不改变构件刚度的情况下增大试件的阻尼,提高试件低频隔声性能。而嵌入阻尼层较厚时,隔声量对构件阻尼层厚度的变化已不再敏感,主要由于刚度的提高,使得试件的隔声性能有所提高。所以,试图通过提高嵌入式共固化复合材料阻尼层的厚度来增大隔声量是不合适的。     

纤维增强复合材料的阻尼改性研究

使用玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂制成的复合材料与粘弹性阻尼层进行共固化处理,制成三明治夹心结构.通过改变阻尼层材质、双层阻尼层间隔距离的方法,考察内夹阻尼层的复合材料动、静态力学性能的变化规律.实验结果表明,阻尼层材质以及双层阻尼层的间距都与复合材料的写明如何相.     

Dynamic characteristics of cylindrical hybrid panels containing viscoelastic layer based on layerwise mechanics

The viscoelastic damping model of the cylindrical hybrid panels with co-cured, free and constrained layers has been developed and investigated by using the refined finite element method based on the layerwise shell theory. The transverse shear and normal strains and the curved geometry are exactly taken into account in the present layerwise shell model, which can depict the zig-zag in-plane and out-of-plane displacements. The damped natural frequencies, modal loss factors and frequency response functions of cylindrical viscoelastic hybrid panels are compared with those of the base composite panel without a viscoelastic layer. The difference in the free vibration and damping of the thin and thick composite laminates and the viscoelastic sandwiched beam between full and partial layerwise theories is verified by comparison with the published results. Various damping characteristics of cylindrical hybrid panels with free viscoelastic layer, constrained layer damping, and co-cured sandwich laminates are investigated. Present results show that the full layerwise damping model accurately predicted the vibration and damping of the cylindrical hybrid panels with viscoelastic layers.     

Vibration Modeling of Multilayer Composite Structures with Viscoelastic Layers

This work deals with the vibration of orthotropic multilayer sandwich structures with viscoelastic core. A finite element model is derived from a classical zigzag model with shear deformation in the viscoelastic layer. The aim of the present work is to establish numerical models and develop numerical tools to design multilayer composites structures with high damping properties. To fulfill this purpose, a finite element model has been developed for vibration analysis of a sandwich plate (elastic orthotropic)/(viscoelastic orthotropic)/(elastic orthotropic). A numerical study from the variation of the damping properties of the structures was performed according to the faces materials fibers orientation.     

Dynamic analysis and damping of composite structures embedded with viscoelastic layers

In recent years, it has been found that composites co-cured with viscoelastic materials can enhance the damping capacity of a composite structural system with little reduction in stiffness and strength. Because of the anisotropy of the constraining layers, the damping mechanism of co-cured composites is quite different from that of conventional structures with metal constraining layers. This paper presents an analysis of the dynamic properties of multiple damping layer, laminated composite beams with anisotropic stiffness layers, by means of the finite element-based modal strain energy method. ANSYS 4.4A finite element software has been used for this study. The variation of resonance frequencies and modal loss factors of various beam samples with temperature is studied. Some of these results are compared with the closed-form theoretical results of an earlier published work. For obtaining optimium dynamic properties, the effects of different parameters, such as layer orientation angle and compliant layering, are studied. Also, the effect of using a combination of different damping materials in the system for obtaining stable damping properties over a wide temperature range is studied.     

Finite element prediction of damping of composite GFRP and CFRP laminates – a hybrid formulation – vibration damping experiments and Rayleigh damping

The work reported in this paper describes the development of a hybrid methodology for the prediction of damping properties of vibrating composite laminates; this method could also be applied to homogeneous materials. This hybrid methodology consists of experimental identification of damping, using vibration damping testing methods, and utilization of FEA. The experimentally identified damping property is that of specific damping capacity (SDC), a measure of damping during the 1st mode of resonant vibration of beams. The finite element approach utilizes the concept of Rayleigh damping, and in particular mass proportional damping for the modeling of the damped response of vibrating systems. It is shown that by using such a methodology, damping data can be extracted for cases where application of continuum mechanics analytical solutions cannot provide reliable information. Furthermore, the development of the finite element models is described. The association of damping properties with material reinforcement is highlighted. A series of continuous and woven, cross ply and quasi isotropic GFRP and CFRP coupons were vibrated. The FE damped response prediction was in very good agreement with laboratory observations.     

On the use of discontinuous elastomer patches to optimize the damping properties of composite sandwich plates

This study investigates the optimization of a hybrid composite/elastomer sandwich plate structure using a periodical pattern of viscoelastic material. Design variables consist in the thicknesses of the layers, their fiber orientations, the position of the elastomer patches and their geometrical distribution. Damping properties of the hybrid structure are calculated by the Method of Strain Energy (MSE) and the constrained optimization maximizes these properties using the active-set algorithm. Two optimized plates containing patterns embedded or not in a composite matrix are compared with a plate damped by a continuous viscoelastic layer. Results show that optimizing composite plates with patches gives interesting results: damping properties are about ten times the properties of the plates with continuous viscoelastic layers, the patches can be sticked on the external layers of the plate and not internally, and all the strain components in elastomer are involved in damping.     

层合阻尼结构各向异性设计之阻尼特性分析

将各向异性设计引入层合阻尼结构中,从理论上分析了各向异性层合阻尼结构的阻尼特性及其控制机理,从而验证了建立约束阻尼层合结构各向异性优化设计新体系的可行性。文中衡量结构阻尼减振效果的重要指标是结构系统的损耗因子,采用半无限简支板为例,对各种铺层形式作了大量的计算;并以最大损耗因子为目标函数,以铺层角度、频率、厚度等为约束条件进行结构优化设计。分析研究表明,该结构内部柔性层对阻尼的影响要比应力耦合对其影响大得多;在高于基本模式的固有频率下,能显著地提高损耗因子。     

频率相关自由阻尼层复合材料加筋板动力分析

采用子空间迭代法和精细积分对敷设粘弹性阻尼层的含损伤复合材料加筋板结构进行了频率和动力响应分析。分析中对层合板和层合梁采用了Adams应变能法与Raleigh阻尼模型相结合的阻尼矩阵构造方法;对表面粘弹性阻尼材料则考虑了材料性质和耗散系数对激振频率与温度的依赖性,建立了频率相关粘弹性材料阻尼矩阵的计算方法。通过有限元分析,分别研究了敷设自由阻尼层无损伤和含分层损伤复合材料加筋板的自振频率和模态特征,并根据幅频曲线讨论了阻尼材料模量、耗散系数和阻尼层厚度等因素对结构响应的影响,提出的计算方法对通过合理选择阻尼层材料与几何参数来有效地控制加筋板结构的振动特性,具有一定的参考价值。     

复合材料夹杂双层粘弹性材料的应变能和阻尼性能分析

分析了复合材料夹杂双层粘弹性阻尼材料组成的对称夹层板的线性弯曲,其中夹杂的粘弹性阻尼材料作为各向同性材料处理。既考虑面内应变能又考虑横向切应力应变能,用Ritz法研究各应力分量的应变能。以四边夹紧为边界条件的方板为例,计算并分析了复合材料层和粘弹性层的应变能以及复合结构的损耗因子。结果表明:复合材料层中的面内应变能占主要地位;粘弹性层中的xz方向和yz方向的切应力应变能较大;芯层的应变能很小。     

Optimal design and parameter estimation of frequency dependent viscoelastic laminated sandwich composite plates

Recent developments in optimization and parameter estimation of frequency dependent passive damping of sandwich structures with viscoelastic core are presented in this paper. A finite element model for anisotropic laminated plate structures with viscoelastic frequency dependent core and laminated anisotropic face layers has been formulated, using a mixed layerwise approach, by considering a higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT) to represent the displacement field of the viscoelastic core, and a first order shear deformation theory (FSDT) for the displacement fields of adjacent laminated face layers. The complex modulus approach is used for the viscoelastic material behaviour, and the dynamic problem is solved in the frequency domain, using viscoelastic material data for the core, assuming fractional derivative constitutive models. Constrained optimization of passive damping is conducted for the maximisation of modal loss factors, using the Feasible Arc Interior Point Algorithm (FAIPA). Identification of the frequency dependent material properties of the sandwich core is conducted by estimating the parameters that define the fractional derivative constitutive model. Optimal design and parameter estimation applications in sandwich structures are presented and discussed.     

粘弹阻尼结构动态性能的有限元分析

考虑到阻尼材料的频率依赖性,提出了一种研究粘弹阻尼结构动态力学性能的迭代有限元模拟分析方法。用这种迭代算法计算了几种典型阻尼结构 悬臂梁和压筋板的模态参数,计算结果与试验模态分析结果或理论解析计算的结果基本一致。此外,还探讨了有限元模拟单元的类型对计算结果的影响。