氢氧化镁吸附性能研究

采用氢氧化镁乳液对富含重金属离子废水、印染废水以及海水中的微量硼实施吸附处理。研究结果表明:氢氧化镁对废水中各类重金属离子均有很好的吸附效果,去除率最高达到98%;对印染废水的脱色率与COD去除率分别达到97.5%和80%;对海水中硼的吸附率达到74%。     

D564树脂工艺对海水淡化中微量硼的去除

选用D564树脂,研究其对淡化海水的深度脱硼能力和吸附特征,并考察了反应时间、温度、pH、竞争离子和流速等因素对D564树脂脱硼效果的影响。结果表明:D564树脂对溶液中的微量硼具有优良的选择吸附能力,但温度升高不利于溶质吸附;pH值改变对树脂的吸附能力影响不大;树脂具有较强的选择性,受干扰离子的影响较小;流速对固定床吸附过程的影响呈负相关效应,固定床对微量硼的吸附去除率最大可达40.04%。     

除硼方法的原理及应用

硼作为一种微量元素,在水溶液中以硼酸、硼酸盐、硼硅酸盐的形式存在,对人类生产生活有利有弊,当硼浓度过大时,会影响周围环境和生物生存,而化学沉淀法、吸附法、树脂法、膜分离法是现在去除污水中硼主要使用的方法。介绍了这几种除硼方法的原理及其在海水淡化、压裂返排液中的应用,但是随着科学技术的发展我们需要对原有的方法进行升级优化和新的技术结合,从而达到高效、节能、环保的环境治理理念。     

水中污染物硼的处理技术研究进展

介绍了硼污染的来源及危害,综述了近年来硼污染处理技术在工业废水处理、地表水处理、海水淡化处理和污水修复处理中的研究进展,分析了各种硼污染处理技术的优点及不足。现阶段的硼处理技术主要为吸附法、反渗透法和离子交换树脂法,且近些年内不会发生较大的变化。未来的硼处理技术发展将以植物修复技术为核心,提高硼去除效果的同时降低处理成本。     

水中污染物硼的处理技术研究进展

介绍了硼污染的来源及危害,综述了近年来硼污染处理技术在工业废水处理、地表水处理、海水淡化处理和污水修复处理中的研究进展,分析了各种硼污染处理技术的优点及不足。现阶段的硼处理技术主要为吸附法、反渗透法和离子交换树脂法,且近些年内不会发生较大的变化。未来的硼处理技术发展将以植物修复技术为核心,提高硼去除效果的同时降低处理成本。     

海水淡化脱硼技术研究进展

海水淡化技术是缓解目前淡水资源匮乏的主要水处理技术。随着海水淡化技术的快速发展,海水脱硼成为人们越来越关注的问题,这主要因为过量的硼对人体、农作物和动物会产生较大的危害。本文综述了国内外主要海水脱硼工艺技术包括离子交换树脂法、分离膜法、吸附-分离膜法等的脱硼原理和研究现状。最后展望了海水脱硼工艺的应用前景和研究方向。     

葡甲胺改性活性炭的制备及其对硼的吸附特性

通过葡甲胺和活性炭制备了葡甲胺改性活性炭(NMDg-C),去除超标4倍的微量硼。试验考察了吸附时间、pH、温度和硼初始浓度对葡甲胺改性活性炭吸附硼效果的影响,并进行了吸附动力学和热力学分析。试验结果表明:改性后的活性炭吸附效果提高显著,吸附后的硼浓度降低到《生活饮用水卫生标准》(GB 5749-2006)以下;改性活性炭吸附硼的最佳条件:pH值为7,温度为15℃,30mL的2.5mg/L的硼溶液,投加1.5g改性活性炭,去除率达到90.59%,吸附平衡时间为30min,理论饱和吸附量约为1.16 mg/g,其吸附过程较好地符合了准二级动力学模型(R~2≈1)和Langmuir等温吸附模型,吸附快速。用1 mol/L的KCl溶液作解吸剂,NMDg-C可重复使用。     

水溶液脱硼技术研究概述

硼作为自然界中一种微量元素,与人类生活有着密不可分的关系,当水体中硼浓度高于限值,会对生命体产生一系列不利影响.综述了近年来主流的水溶液中硼分离技术,包括吸附法、膜法、混合工艺法等,同时分析了不同方法的脱硼机理和优缺点,展望了水溶液中脱硼方法的发展趋势,高脱硼反渗透膜、高吸附容量和易再生的硼选择性树脂的研发以及脱硼工艺联合设计将会是以后的研究热点.     

合成半透膜及其生产工艺

提供了一种合成的半透膜，用于去除海水和盐水中的硼。当海水水温为25℃，pH为6．5，硼的浓度为5mgL，TDS以重量计为3．5％，运行压力为55MPa时，膜满足下列关系：硼的去除率95％。     

硼吸附树脂合成及其在海水淡化中应用的研究

海水淡化中硼含量超标问题已经成世界性难题。本文合成一种含葡甲胺(MG,即N—甲基葡糖胺)新型氯球树脂用于硼的吸附与分离、即(PS-CL-MG),采用电子显微镜(SEM)和傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)对树脂进行表征。系统的从投加量、pH、再生性考察PS-CL-MG吸附性能,并且建立海水淡化中硼的吸附动力学和吸附热力学模型。研究结果表明:pH值在9~10,PS-CL-MG对硼的吸附效果最好,该吸附剂吸附-解吸6次以后,吸附效率稳定35%~45%,对初始浓度为1 mg/L时含硼溶液,平衡吸附量为22.09μg/g。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。