EPR and optical absorption studies of Cu ions in alkaline earth alumino borate glasses

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and optical absorption spectra of Cu²⁺ ions in alkaline earth alumino borate glasses doped with different concentrations of CuO have been studied. The EPR spectra of all the glasses exhibit the resonance signals, characteristic of Cu²⁺ ions present in axially elongated octahedral sites. The number of spins participating in the resonance has been calculated as a function of temperature for calcium alumino borate (CaAB) glass doped with 0.1 mol% of CuO. From the EPR data, the paramagnetic susceptibility (χ) was calculated at different temperatures (T) and from the 1/χ-T graph, the Curie temperature of the glass has been evaluated. The optical absorption spectra of all the glasses show a single broad band, which has been assigned to the ²B_1g → ²B_2g transition of the Cu²⁺ ions. The variation in the intensity of optical absorption with the ionic radius of the alkaline earth ion has been explained based on the Coulombic forces. By correlating the EPR and optical absorption spectral data, the nature of the in-plane σ bonding between Cu²⁺ ion and the ligands is estimated. From the fundamental ultraviolet absorption edges of the glasses, the optical energy gap (E_opt) and the Urbach energy (ΔE) are evaluated. The variation in E_opt and ΔE is explained based on the number of defect centers in the glass.     

嵌段共聚物PCL-b-PMMA薄膜的微相分离形貌

通过开环聚合(ROP)和原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)制备了不同嵌段结构的嵌段共聚物PCL-b-PMMA,使用核磁共振(1H-NMR)和凝胶渗透色谱(GPC)对其结构进行了表征,通过原子力显微镜(AFM)研究了嵌段共聚物薄膜的微相分离形貌。结果表明,嵌段共聚物发生了微相分离,聚ε-己内酯(PCL)链段形成柱状微区;PCL链段体积分数较低时,薄膜表面以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)链段聚集为主,但未在PCL柱状微区上方形成覆盖,从而在薄膜表面形成孔洞;随PCL链段体积分数增加及PMMA链段分子量下降,PCL柱状微区面积增加,向薄膜表面迁移并逐渐形成覆盖,造成薄膜表面孔洞消失。     

Effect of EPR coefficient policy on the production decision in precious metal accessory recycling

This study examines the effect of the extended producer responsibility (EPR) coefficient policy on the production decision between a supplier and a manufacturer in a precious metal accessory recycling supply chain. EPR coefficient is a regulation proposed by the government and enterprises to balance economic profit and EPR behaviour, and refers to the production proportion of recycled products in all serviceable products. Enterprises with a large EPR coefficient have good EPR practice. This study uses the newsvendor model and numerical simulation to study a supply chain system with remanufacturing and reproduction processes. Results show that the optimal recycling mode and the optimal EPR coefficient are always present in precious metal accessory operations. The increasing market demand for recycled products and the improving whole recycling parameters are both effective in enlarging the optimal EPR coefficient. However, the improvement of single or partial recycling parameters (except the market demand parameter) has no effect on the optimal EPR coefficient. The implementation mechanism and applicable conditions of the EPR coefficient policy are also explored. This study indicates that the EPR coefficient policy is an appropriate and effective approach to promote the EPR practice of the Chinese Government.     

Spin-Phonon Interaction and the EPR Linewidth in La2CuO4 and Related Cuprates

The spin-phonon interaction is derived for Cu²⁺ ions stronglycoupled by the isotropic exchange interaction. It is shown that in a two-dimensionalquantum Heisenberg antiferromagnetic this interaction due to its antisymmetricstructure couples the phonon modes near the wave vectors (±/a, ±/a)to the staggered magnetization. A contribution of the spin-phonon interactionto the EPR linewidth is calculated and its temperature dependence compared with othersources of the broadening.     

Exploring proton doping in poly-3-methylpyrrole by infrared spectroscopy

Structural changes induced by electrochemical redox processes or by pH variations on conducting poly-3-methylpyrrole, electrochemically synthesized in NaClO₄ acetonitrile solution, have been studied by infrared spectroscopy. With this aim infrared spectra of perchlorate doped poly-3-methylpyrrole films at different oxidation states as well as after immersion in acid (pH = 1) and basic (pH = 12.6) aqueous solutions have been analysed. The existence of proton-doping mechanism in this polymer has been confirmed from the comparative study of spectra of oxidized/reduced and acid/basic treated polymer.     

聚氨酯/13X分子筛复合材料的制备及表征

本文采用预聚法制备了聚酯类聚氨酯/13X分子筛复合材料,考察了分子筛含量和交联系数对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能、耐溶剂性能的影响。结果表明,13X分子筛的加入量为7%,交联系数为0.90时,聚氨酯弹性体的耐撕裂强度从73.1 kN/m提高到94.2 kN/m,拉伸强度从44.5 M Pa提高到49.9 M Pa,断裂伸长率从580%提高到640%,溶胀度从103.78%降低到72.58%。由DSC和DM A分析可知PU/13X复合材料具有更好的微相分离及动态力学性能。     

An investigation into the structure and reactivity of calcium-zinc-silicate ionomer glasses using MAS-NMR spectroscopy

The suitability of Glass Polyalkenoate Cements (GPCs) for orthopaedic applications is retarded by the presence in the glass phase of aluminium, a neurotoxin. Unfortunately, the aluminium ion plays an integral role in the setting process of GPCs and its absence is likely to hinder cement formation. However, the authors have previously shown that aluminium-free GPCs may be formulated based on calcium zinc silicate glasses and these novel materials exhibit significant potential as hard tissue biomaterials. However there is no data available on the structure of these glasses. ²⁹Si MAS-NMR, differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and network crosslink density (CLD) calculations were used to characterize the structure of five calcium zinc silicate glasses and relate glass structure to reactivity. The results indicate that glasses capable of forming Zn-GPCs are predominantly Q₂/Q₃ in structure with corresponding network crosslink densities greater than 2. The correlation of CLD and MAS-NMR results indicate the primary role of zinc in these simple glass networks is as a network modifier and not an intermediate oxide; this fact will allow for more refined glass compositions, with less reactive structures, to be formulated in the future.     

聚氨酯弹性体的微相分离对其溶胀和溶解行为的影响

利用温度梯度固化的方法制备了厚度方向的梯度聚氨酯弹性体。FT-IR测试表明,沿高温到低温的方向,弹性体的微相分离程度呈梯度增加。溶胀动力学研究表明,聚氨酯弹性体的溶胀行为遵循二次动力学方程,微相分离程度较小的聚氨酯弹性体溶胀速率常数较大,但是最终的溶胀度却比较小,微相分离程度大的则相反。在相同的条件下,微相分离程度小的试样的溶解比微相分离程度大的需要更长的时间。     

空心羟基磷灰石亚微球/壳聚糖可注射水凝胶的制备及表征

采用W/O/W复乳法制备空心羟基磷灰石(HAP)亚微球,将空心HAP亚微球均匀分布在壳聚糖/甘油磷酸钠(CS/GP)体系中制备可注射HAP/CS水凝胶(gel 1),同时制备可注射CS水凝胶(gel 2).用X射线衍射仪、场发射透射电镜、红外光谱、扫描电镜对空心HAP亚微球和水凝胶进行了表征,并比较分析了两种溶胶的成胶...     

内盐凝胶的制备及对烟酰胺的控释

以甲基丙烯酸二甲基氨基乙酯（DMAE-MA）、衣康酸（IA）、亚甲基双丙基酰胺（BIS）和过硫酸钾（KPS）为原料在室温下制备内盐凝胶。研究了原料配方对凝胶形成的影响、内盐凝胶的吸水动力学及溶胀机制、凝胶的pH值敏感性以及对烟酰胺的负载与负载凝胶在不同pH值介质中的释放行为,并用红外光谱对凝胶结构进行了表征。结果表明,n（IA）/n（DMAEMA）〉1后将降低单体的转化率,不利于凝胶的形成;内盐凝胶不具有高吸水性,其吸水溶胀机制符合Fickian扩散;在pH值为12的缓冲溶液中溶胀率比在pH值为3的缓冲溶液中高;凝胶对烟酰胺的负载率可以超过200%。在25℃下,烟酰胺在pH值为3的介质中释放比在pH值为12的介质中释放快。     

D-萘普生温敏分子印迹凝胶的制备及吸附性能研究

采用热聚合方法,以D-萘普生(D-Npx)为模板分子,N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)为功能单体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAA)和二甲基丙烯酸乙二醇酯(EGDMA)分别为交联剂,制备了一种温敏DNpx分子印迹凝胶(MIH),研究了凝胶的温敏性以及交联剂的种类和浓度对凝胶结构和分离性能等的影响。研究结果表明,随着MBAA含量的增加,MIH的平衡溶胀率降低,且MIH对D-Npx的吸附和脱附量先增加后逐渐减少;随EGDMA含量的增加,MIH对D-Npx的吸附和脱附量逐渐增大。MIH具有明显的温敏性,MBAA含量对凝胶的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)几乎没有影响,凝胶表现出较好的溶胀-退胀性,脱附率可达90%以上。     

Preparation and characterization of curcumin thermosensitive hydrogels for intratumoral injection treatment

Objectives: This paper describes the development and optimization of curcumin thermosensitive hydrogels (CTH), a kind of gel injection for intratumoral injection treatment.

Methods: Aimed at increasing the content and stability of effective components, an optimal formulation of CTH was chosen based on the results from orthogonal tests and the optimal pH was determined by stability test. To investigate the hydrogels drug release in vitro, residence time by RP-HPLC and therapeutic effects on ascitic hepatocarcinoma cell strain with high metastasis potential in lymphatic system (HCA-F) solid tumors in mice.

Key findings: The selected optimal formulation of CTH was: 0.2% curcumin, 20% poloxamer 407, 4% poloxamer 188, 8% polyethylene glycol 400, 12% 1,2-propanediol and pH was 6.0. The drug release determined by RP-HPLC fit to the Higuchi model. The residence time of CTH was longer than the curcumin suspensions. Intratumoral injection of the CTH can effectively inhibit the growth of HCA-F solid tumors in mice.

Conclusions: The CTH prepared in this test demonstrates proper gel temperature and viscosity. It improves the solubility of curcumin with a relatively long period of drug release in vitro and residence time. Intratumoral injection of the CTH can effectively inhibit the growth of HCA-F solid tumors in mice.     

Development and characterization of repellent formulations based on nanostructured hydrogels

Abstract

Diseases caused by insects could lead to epidemic scenarios in urban areas and insect repellents are a shield against a wide range of insects, but they need to be safe without compromising efficacy. Ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate (EB) is a synthetic mosquito repellent, which could be used in products for adults and children due to its low-allergenic potential. The aim of this study was to develop and characterize EB and Poloxamer 407 nanoemulsions regarding their droplets mean size, pH, rheological properties, cytotoxicity and in vitro permeation profile. The developed formulations (F1 with 12.5% of EB and F2 with 25% of EB) were compared with a commercial formulation containing 12.5% of EB. Droplets mean size was determined by DLS, and for both nanoemulsions they were around 200?nm; however, the commercial formulation presented a droplets mean size of 10?nm, which could contribute to its high permeation. F1 and F2 presented a gel-like behavior, however F2 presented lower viscosity due to the presence of more EB between the polymer chains preventing them to interact with each other. Also, F2 was less retained by the epidermis when compared to F1 probably due to its lower viscosity. For the cytotoxicity assay only F2, which presented the highest concentration of EB was tested, and it was not toxic to the cells. This result could be also extended to F1 which presented half the EB concentration. The present study demonstrated that EB and Poloxamer 407 nanoemulsions are promising as new insect-repellent formulations.     

EPR主控室空调系统设计

在核电厂运行和事故工况下,其主控室空调系统都必须运行以维持主控室的可居留性和设备运行的环境条件,主控室空调系统设计是核电站最具有代表性的暖通系统设计.本文从欧洲压水堆（EPR）设计理念入手,对主控室空调系统安全功能的实现、系统配置、可靠性、运行、重要设备选型以及噪声控制方面进行深入分析,并对系统设计不足提出改进意见.     

新型互穿网络超大孔水凝胶的制备、性能及表征

以丙烯酸、丙烯酰胺为基体，以乙烯基吡咯烷酮为预聚体，利用新型两步聚合法和发泡技术，制备了聚（丙烯酸．丙烯酰胺），聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮互穿网络超大孔水凝胶．采用差示扫描量热法（DSC）、红外光谱（FT-IR）和扫描电镜（SEM）等分析技术对所得水凝胶进行了表征，并研究了水凝胶的溶胀行为和凝胶强度．实验结果表明：该水凝胶具有相互连通的孔结构，溶胀行为在几分钟内即可完成；以新型两步法制备的互穿网络结构（IPN），大大提高了超大孔水凝胶的强度，新型两步法是制备IPN的有效方法之一．     

Third order nonlinear optical susceptibility of fluorescein-containing polymers determined by electro-absorption spectroscopy

Novel polymers containing xanthene groups with high dye concentrations were prepared, and their third order nonlinear optical properties were studied by electroabsorption spectroscopy technique. The polymers were amorphous with refractive indices above 1.6 in the non-resonant region. The UV-Visible absorption spectra indicate the fluoresceins molecules in the polymers are H-aggregated. They showed third order nonlinear susceptibility, χ⁽³⁾ (−ω:ω, 0, 0), of 2.5-3.5 × 10⁻¹² esu.     

光-温度双重响应凝胶的制备及温敏性能研究

采用自由基共聚合方法,将丙烯酰胺基偶氮苯(AAAB)与N-异丙基丙烯酰胺(NIPAAm)共聚,制备了一种具有温度和紫外光双重响应性的P(NIPAAm-co-AAAB)共聚凝胶,并研究了凝胶的温敏性。研究结果表明,P(NIPAAm-co-AAAB)凝胶具有温度响应性,且溶胀和退溶胀性能较好。与PNIPAAm凝胶相比,共聚凝胶平衡溶胀率降低。随共聚配比中AAAB含量的增大,共聚凝胶的低临界溶解温度(LCST)、平衡溶胀率和退溶胀速率均逐渐降低。     

PEG/木薯淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺丙烯酸三元共聚物溶胀性能研究

以木薯淀粉(CSt)和丙烯酰胺(Am)、丙烯酸(AA)为主要原料,硝酸铈铵与过硫酸铵为复合引发剂(CAN--S2O28-),N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBA)为交联剂,聚乙二醇6000(PEG 6000)为成孔剂,采用水溶液聚合法制备了淀粉接枝聚丙烯酰胺丙烯酸复合PEG(PEG/CSt-g-PAAm)水凝胶材料.研究了PEG对水凝胶溶胀行为的影响,以及PEG/CSt-g-PAAm与CSt-g-PAAm两种凝胶在不同温度下的溶胀行为.实验结果表明,PEG6000的加入对凝胶材料的重复使用性能有显著改善作用,并可显著增加凝胶的溶胀速率及溶胀能力,温度可以影响PEG/CSt-g-PAAm凝胶的溶胀速率.     

Pump-probe spectroscopy in organic semiconductors: monitoring fundamental processes of relevance in optoelectronics

In this review we highlight the contribution of pump-probe spectroscopy to understand elementary processes taking place in organic based optoelectronic devices. The techniques described in this article span from conventional pump-probe spectroscopy to electromodulated pump-probe and the state-of-the-art confocal pump-probe microscopy. The article is structured according to three fundamental processes (optical gain, charge photogeneration and charge transport) and the contribution of these techniques on them. The combination of these tools opens up new perspectives for assessing the role of short-lived excited states on processes lying underneath organic device operation.     

聚天冬氨酸/木质纤维素水凝胶的制备及吸附性能

采用水溶液聚合法合成聚天冬氨酸（PASP）/木质纤维素（LNC）水凝胶;考察了预处理时间、预处理温度、KMnO₄浓度、戊二醛用量、PASP的用量、反应时间以及反应温度对PASP/LNC水凝胶吸附Pb2+、Cd2+性能的影响;运用Langmuir吸附等温线计算PASP/LNC水凝胶最大吸附量;使用HNO₃对PASP/LNC水凝胶进行脱附再生实验;采用SEM和FTIR对水凝胶的结构进行表征。吸附结果表明:预处理时间15 min,预处理温度50 ℃、KMnO₄浓度0.06 mol·L-1、戊二醛用量1.00 g、PASP用量11 g、反应时间3.5 h且反应温度70 ℃时,对Pb2+、Cd2+的平衡吸附容量分别为980.39 mg·g-1、813.01 mg·g-1。 吸附/脱附循环实验表明:循环吸附脱附4次后PASP/LNC水凝胶吸附量仍较高,PASP/LNC水凝胶是一种可循环利用的吸附剂。表征结果表明:PASP/LNC水凝胶的表面有大小不等的孔隙,PASP的—COOH与LNC的O—H发生缩聚反应,形成具有三维网络结构的水凝胶。