溴化锂吸收式制冷机的应用分析

概述了溴化锂吸收式制冷的原理，分析了溴化锂吸收式制冷机的综合效益及其一次能源利用率，以热电厂热电冷三联供系统为例分析了溴化锂吸收式制冷机的节能效益，并指出了溴化锂吸收式制冷机在工程应用中应注意的问题。     

塑料管单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机系统设计研究

进行溴化锂吸收式制冷机塑料换热装置及制冷机系统的结构设计,塑料换热装置的传热管采用聚四氟乙烯塑料管,传热管布置为阿基米德螺线状盘管,将实验传热系数与理论计算传热系数进行比较。比较结果表明：冷凝器、蒸发器实验传热系数低于理论计算值,吸收器的实验传热系数高于理论计算值。     

溴化锂吸收式制冷机动态特性仿真系统

设计并完成了溴化锂吸收式制冷机动态特性的测量试验，通过试验，对溴化锂吸收式制冷机的动态特性进行了分析，求出了被控对象的传递函数，建立了动态数学模型。在此基础上，设计了溴化锂吸收式制冷机动态特性的仿真系统。并对控制器的控制参数进行整定，得到了最佳控制结果。     

溴化锂吸收式制冷机与蒸汽压缩式制冷机的能耗比较

本文对溴化锂吸收式制冷机与蒸汽压缩式制冷机的能耗进行了比较研究,认为溴化锂吸收式制冷机节电不节能,而溴化锂吸收式制冷机与离心式制冷机联合运行,既可缓解供电紧张,又可提高能量利用效率,应予以充分重视。     

塑料管单效溴化锂吸收式制冷机系统设计及传热性能分析

溴化锂吸收式制冷机在工业中有着广泛的应用,但传热管腐蚀及其引起的冷量衰减一直以来是人们难以解决的问题,采用塑料传热管代替铜传热管来解决这个难题。进行了塑料换热装置及制冷机系统的结构设计,塑料换热装置的传热管采用聚四氟乙烯塑料管,传热管布置为阿基米德螺线状盘管。通过对塑料换热装置传热性能的分析,在溴化锂吸收式制冷机组中,吸收器使用聚四氟乙烯换热器代替传统的金属换热器具有最大的实用价值。     

二泵系统新流程溴化锂制冷机的研制

一、概述”近年来溴化锂吸收式制冷机在我国取得了迅速发展，这是基于溴化锂吸收式制冷机是一种以低品位热能为动力的制冷设备，特别在我国目前电力供应比较紧张的情况下，具有节电和节能的显著效果，同时为了保护地球臭氧层，蒙特利尔协议书对氟里昂的应用作了限制，而溴化锂对环境无公害，不会破坏大气臭氧层，因此，溴化锂吸收式制冷机受到特别重视。但是纵观我国溴化锂吸收式制冷机的现状，大多采用传统的三泵系统，并联流程，不仅机组装机功率偏大，而且在流程设计上存在着容易产生“结晶”现象的隐患，为此，我们在消化吸收国内外先进…     

溴化锂溶液空气预冷却绝热吸收过程研究

溴化锂吸收式制冷机的空冷化是吸收式制冷机发展的主要方向之一，该文基于传热与传质的相异性，对溴化锂吸收式制冷机空冷化的关键部件－吸收器提出了空冷预冷却绝热吸收的方法，建立了吸收器的空冷预冷却绝热吸收模型，按照所建立的模型进行热力计算并与一般空冷吸收器进行比较，最后分析了预冷却温差对溴化锂溶液空冷预冷却绝热吸收过程的影响，研究结果表明空冷预冷却绝热吸收是一种可行的空冷化方法，与传统空冷相比具有较强的优势。     

双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的火用分析

双效溴化锂吸收式制冷机组的火用分析吴雁南京动力高等专科学校自从美国Ｃａｒｒｉｅｒ公司于１９４５年研制出世界上第一台大型空调用溴化锂吸收式制冷机以来，经过不断的改进、完善，目前这种制冷机在世界各地已得到广泛的应用。我国生产溴化锂制冷机在世界各地已得到广...     

溴化锂水溶液热物性计算可视化程序

根据国内外有关溴化锂水溶液的热物理性数据,编制了溴化锂水溶液的热物性计算程序软件,与实验数据对比显示较好的吻合性,采用混合编程的方法,实现了计算程序的可视化,适用于化锂吸收式制冷的性能分析与计算,以及对溴化锂吸收式制冷机的在线检测。     

小型直燃型溴化锂吸收式制冷机制冷性能的测试研究

本文针对小型直燃型溴化锂吸收式制冷机设计了一套简单实用的制冷性能测试设备。该测试设备不仅在理论上可以保证测试过程中误差达到要求，而且在实际应用时简便和经济，采用该设备成功地完成了最新研制的１１６ｋＷ直燃型溴化锂吸收式制冷机的制冷性能测试。     

溴化锂吸收式制冷机采用塑料传热管的研究

提出了在溴化锂吸收式制冷机中采用塑料传热管代替铜传热管,以解决传热管腐蚀及其引起的冷量衰减问题。以1台制冷量为35kW的溴冷机为例,对采用塑料传热管的溴冷机与传统铜管溴冷机相关部件的参数进行比较。通过对溴冷机的传热面积、管道阻力的计算和安全强度的校核,发现采用塑料传热管的溴冷机在技术上是可行的。     

Optimum hot water temperature for absorption solar cooling

The hot water temperature that maximizes the overall instantaneous efficiency of a solar cooling facility is determined. A modified characteristic equation model is used and applied to single-effect lithium bromide-water absorption chillers. This model is based on the characteristic temperature difference and serves to empirically calculate the performance of real chillers. This paper provides an explicit equation for the optimum temperature of vapor generation, in terms of only the external temperatures of the chiller. The additional data required are the four performance parameters of the chiller and essentially a modified stagnation temperature from the detailed model of the thermal collector operation. This paper presents and discusses the results for small capacity machines for air conditioning of homes and small buildings. The discussion highlights the influence of the relevant parameters.     

Boiling heat transfer and pressure drop of ammonia-lithium nitrate solution in a plate generator

This paper presents the thermal and pressure-drop experimental evaluation of a fusion plate heat exchanger (PHE) during boiling conditions of a solution of lithium nitrate in ammonia. The data are representative of the working conditions of generators in single-effect absorption chillers. The solution flow rate and outlet temperature were modified in the ranges of 0.041–0.083 kg/s and 78–95 °C, respectively. Correlations for single-phase-flow heat transfer are used to characterize the boiling heat transfer. The influences of the heat flux, mass flux and exit-vapour quality are analyzed. Boiling heat-transfer coefficients and correlations for the Nusselt number are obtained. Results are compared with Cooper’s and Ayub’s correlations for boiling heat transfer. Pressure drop in the solution side was also measured and one correlation was obtained to characterize the frictional pressure drop under boiling conditions.     

Multi-Effect Plants and Ionic Liquids for Improved Absorption Chillers

State-of-the-art absorption chillers using conventional working pairs still suffer from problems like crystallization, corrosiveness, and a relatively low efficiency. To improve this technology, different working pairs as well as plant designs are investigated using the simulation tool AspenPlus. The simulation is validated by comparing the results of single-effect absorption chillers using the current commercially applied working pairs water/lithium bromide and ammonia/water with literature data. To increase the efficiency, double-effect absorption chillers are implemented and analyzed. The performance of two kinds of double-effect cycles, series and parallel, is compared using the working pair water/lithium bromide. In addition, ionic liquids (ILs) are investigated as a sorbent in order to improve the technology. So far, ILs have not been implemented in AspenPlus yet. Therefore, a guideline for the implementation of ILs in AspenPlus is outlined and the accordant phase equilibria results are validated with literature data. Simulations of single-effect cycles using the ILs 1,3-dimethylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([MMIM][DMP]) and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium dimethylphosphate ([EMIM][DMP]) in combination with water as a refrigerant are performed and the results are compared to conventional working pairs. It is shown that by using ILs, similar or even higher coefficients of performance (COPs) can be achieved in comparison to conventional working pairs. Moreover, the findings reveal that the main benefit of using ILs as a sorbent consists in providing a broader operating range with respect to heat source temperature.     

Design and test results of a low-capacity solar cooling system in Alicante (Spain)

Despite its attractiveness, solar cooling technology is still in an early stage of development. Most installations currently in operation show differences in the collector area per kilowatt of cooling capacity that cannot be explained only by project-specific circumstances. The purpose of this paper was twofold. First, to answer some questions that came up during the design process of the plant by using a TRNSYS system model and statistical tools. Second, to gain knowledge about the plant operation and validate the TRNSYS model through measured data. The system was equipped with a flat-plate collector field of 38.4 m². A lithium bromide-water single-effect absorption chiller (17.6 kW) was selected in order to provide chilled water to fan-coils. Performance data were registered at the solar plant working with a 1000-l heat storage tank and a required temperature of 80 °C to drive the absorption machine. An average of 29% of the solar energy incident on the solar collectors’ surface was transferred to the hot water storage. The registered average COP of the absorption chiller was 0.691. The performance data were compared with the values predicted by the TRNSYS plant model and a high level of agreement was obtained.     

太阳能吸收式制冷系统动态特性分析

以上海地区某太阳能集热器驱动的单效溴化锂吸收式制冷系统为对象,对各主要部件负荷在典型日随时间变化的动态特性进行研究。结果表明:随着制冷能力的增加,发生器、冷凝器、吸收器及集热器面积需求量均增加;当制冷能力一定时,发生器与吸收器的负荷呈现先增加后减小的趋势,而集热器面积需求量的变化则与之相反。经济性分析可知结果表明,集热器费用为910、1040和1170$/m^2时,系统投资回收期分别为8.2、9.5及10.8 a,具有良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

量子力学方法计算溴化锂水溶液的活度系数及其热力参数

文章基于量子力学理论和超额吉布斯能量方程建立了溴化锂水溶液的活度系数及其热力参数的计算公式,此计算公式形式简单,适用范围广,对于设计溴化锂制冷机十分有用.     

Optimization of energy plants including water/lithium bromide absorption chillers

In this paper a methodology for the optimal integration of water/lithium bromide absorption chillers in combined heat and power plants is proposed. This method is based on the economic optimization of an energy plant that interacts with a refrigeration cycle, by using a successive linear programming technique (SLP). The aim of this paper is to study the viability of the integration of already technologically available absorption chillers in CHP plants. The results of this alternative are compared with the results obtained using the conventional way of producing chilled water, that is, using mechanical vapour compression chillers in order to select the best refrigeration cycle alternative for a given refrigeration demand. This approach is implemented in the computer program XV, and tested using the data obtained in the water/LiBr absorption chiller of Bayer in Tarragona (Catalonia, Spain). The results clearly show that absorption chillers are not only a good option when low‐cost process heat is available, but also when a cogeneration system is present. In this latter case, the absorption chiller acts as a bottoming cycle by using steam generated in the heat recovery boiler. In this way, the cogeneration size can be increased producing higher benefits than those obtained with the use of compression chillers. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.