A high-voltage power supply of the diagnostic neutral beam injector of the Alcator-Cmod tokamak

A diagnostic neutral beam injector for ensuring the active spectroscopic diagnostics of plasma parameters in the Alcator-Cmod tokamak (Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Boston, United States) is designed and manufactured at the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk). The energy of fast atoms of the diagnostic injector is determined by the output voltage level of the high-voltage power supply and can vary from 20 to 55 keV. The ion source of the diagnostic neutral beam injector generates proton beams with an equivalent current of up to 7 A. The accelerated protons after the neutralization on a gas target produce streams of neutral particles—fast atoms with an equivalent current of up to 4 A. The diagnostic neutral beam injector is capable of producing 100% energy-modulated fast hydrogen atomic beams, and this is ensured by operation of the high-voltage power supply under the corresponding law. The high-voltage power supply is based on modules consisting of high-frequency transformers and diode rectifiers placed in a sealed tank filled with insulating gas SF₆. The output voltage is smoothly regulated from 20 to 55 kV by IGBT inverters with a pulse-width control energizing the primary windings of the step-up high-frequency transformers. The high-voltage power supply allows the multiple-breakdown operation mode of the load with voltage recovering as the specified time passes after the breakdown. The rated power of the high-voltage power supply is 450 kW. A functional diagram and design of the high-voltage power supply are given.     

Commissioning of heating neutral beams for COMPASS-D tokamak

Two neutral beam injectors have been developed for plasma heating on COMPASS-D tokamak (Institute of Plasma Physics, Prague). The 4-electrodes multihole ion-optical system with beam focusing was chosen to provide the low divergence 300 kW power in both deuterium and hydrogen atoms. The accelerating voltage is 40 kV at extracted ion current up to 15 A. The power supply system provides the continuous and modulated mode of the beam injection at a maximal pulse length 300 ms. The optimal arrangement of the cryopanels and the beam duct elements provides sufficiently short-length beamline which reduces the beam losses. The evolution of the impurities and molecular fraction content is studied in the process of the high voltage conditioning of the newly made ion sources. Two injectors of the same type have been successfully tested and are ready for operation at tokamak in IPP, Prague.     

A High-Power Semiconductor Generator for an Atomic Injector

An atomic injector with a beam power of 1 MW for heating plasma in the TCV tokamak (Lausanne, Switzerland) by a beam of neutral atoms was developed and put into operation in 2015–2016 at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics SB RAS (Novosibirsk). Plasma in the injector is formed in a plasma emitter by a high-frequency magnetic field, which is created by a high-power semiconductor generator with an output power of 40 kW at a frequency of 4 MHz. The facility operates in the pulse mode with a pulse duration of 2 s and a pause of 5 min. The generator is manufactured in the form of a modular system consisting of 16 identical generator modules, whose high-frequency power is summed, control modules, and a power-supply source. The generator allows modulation of the output power in the range of 30–100% by changing the power-supply voltage. The general structure of the generator and its elements and the results of its commissioning are presented.     

一种新型低功耗小型高压电源

介绍一种新型低功耗小型高压电源，该电源采用全集成化电路设计。由振荡电路产生脉冲方波推动开关电路，采用自举升压电路，提高高压变压器的初级电压。脉冲高压经高压变压器升压整流后，可得到需要的稳定直流高压，对于正高压，在高压升压电路后采用倍压整流，用直接取样反馈方式来凋整输出高压，使高压更趋稳定。该电源具有功耗低、体积小、重量轻、绝缘性能好等特点，而且输出高压连续可凋。电源的正负高压输出值分别为：正高压0～＋50kV、负高压0～-25kV。可用于小功率X光管供电和其他相关科学研究及野外作业。     

A high-voltage power supply based on a distributed capacitive energy storage

For the corpuscular plasma heating in the MST plasma device (Madison, United States), an injector of hydrogen atoms with 25-keV energy, equivalent at omic current of >45 A, and 20-ms pulse duration was designed and put into operation at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics (Novosibirsk, Russia) in 2009. The pulse repetition rate is 5 min. The output current of the ion source in the atomic injector exceeds 50 A. A high-voltage source with a 1.5-MW power was design ed for the high-voltage powering of the atomic injector. The run duration of the power supply with rated characteristics is >20 ms. The power supply is based on a distributed capacitive energy storage, which allows the power consumption from the industrial network to be reduced down to 10 kW at a pulsed load power of 1.5 MW. The high-voltage power supply smoothly regulates the output voltage from 0 to 30 kV and is capable of being quickly deenergized if high-voltage breakdown of the load takes place. The diagram and structural components of the high-voltage power system of the atomic injector are described, and its test results are given.     

中频逆变高频PWM电子束焊机高压电源

设计一种中频逆变高频PWM电子束焊机高压电源装置,装置将由高频PWM脉冲驱动的逆变器产生的中频交流电送入中频高压变压器,通过高压整流滤波器、高压放电扼流电路后得到纹波系数小、运行稳定的高压输出,同时故障判别电路对高压电源实时监控,当出现异常时,实现快速截止保护。实验结果表明,这是一种调节速度快、效率较高的电子束焊机高压逆变电源装置。     

一种10kW/50kV电子束焊机用高压电源

介绍电子束焊机对高压电源的技术要求,针对高压直流电源存在的问题,研制了一种基于谐振的高频逆变的大功率高压直流电源;从主电路、驱动电路等给出电源的设计过程。最后,给出实验结果,表明研制的电源能够达到10kW,50kV的输出。     

一种高精度基准电压源的设计制作

对能引起电源的时间漂移及电源噪声的诸多因素进行了分析,采用了AD581集成三端器件和uA741运算放大器设计了恒温控制电路,并制作了恒温槽,设计制作高精度基准电压源。该基准源被应用于HHSV-1型高压高稳定性直流电源的基准电压,极大的提高了该直流电源的精度,使其高压高稳定性直流电源在输出电压为10000V,负载电流在2mA的工作情况下,输出电压和电流的稳定度、时漂、温漂均达到10—6量级,波纹系数达10—7。该电压源可以用作粒子加速器,质谱计,CT机等高精度医疗仪器的基准源。     

Master controller of a high-voltage power unit source of an electron beam welding device

This paper describes the structure and control algorithms of a controller of a high-voltage source with an output voltage of 60 kV and a power of up to 30 kW. The source is designed to be used as part of a power unit of an electron-beam welding device developed at the Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (BINP SB RAS). High-quality welds require a stable electron beam energy. Herewith, a standard operation mode is quick and deep modulation of the electron current. The problem of achieving high-quality control and limiting the transient distortions of output voltage of the source is solved. The error of establishing and stabilizing the output voltage is 0.1%, which allows obtaining high-quality welding. Transient distortions at 100% modulation of the load current do not exceed the value of ±1%, which, along with fast reaction of the source to a load breakdown (energy released during breakdown is smaller than 15 J), protects the welded parts and elements of the gun from being damaged by an electron beam.     

离子风空气加速器的电源设计

针对电压微小波动对离子风空气加速器负载放电特性影响的问题,设计了一款特殊的高压电源.电源的硬件电路设计包括主控制电路、功率场效应管(MOSFET)的驱动和保护电路、采样反馈电路、高压升压电路和多倍压整流电路;软件设计包括主控芯片PIC的系统配置、脉宽调制(PWM)占空比及频率设定、主程序及中断子程序流程图.最后,通过M...     

X射线管用140kV高压直流电源系统的设计

本文介绍了一种140KV输出的x射线管用高压直流电源.主电路采用直流24V供电,经过半桥逆变、高频变压器、正负双向倍压整流.达到产生直流高压的目的.灯丝电源采用的是基于TOPSwitchFX单端反激式开关电源.由单片机控制可远程启动.系统设计了延时电路.在灯丝电源启动8s后启动高压直流电源.     

Properties of an intense 40-kV neutral beam injector

The properties of an intense neutral beam injector, the modified duoPIGatron ion source, are discussed and compared with other injectors. For this source (a) beam composition for hydrogen is approximately (85+/-5) % monatomic, (b) nucleon gas efficiency is 50%, (c) the electrical efficiency of ion generation is 1.1 A/kW, and (d) up to 52% of the input power is delivered in the ion and neutral beam to a target subtending a half angle of 1.8 degrees x1.4 degrees .     

Characteristics of the Berkeley multicusp ion source

The performance of a cubical permanent magnet generated line-cusp ion source has been investigated for use with neutral beam injectors. This source has been operated with discharge currents greater than 500 A and ion current densities higher than 400 mA/cm2 at the extraction grid. The uniformity of the density profile across the extraction area is found to be dependent on the gas pressure. By using a fast Langmuir probe sweeping circuit, the electron temperature and the plasma density and potential have been analyzed for different discharge powers and gas pressures. The heat load on the plasma grid when it is electrically floating or connected to the negative cathode has been compared calorimetrically. The use of lanthanum hexaboride and impregnated oxide cathodes have been investigated for the purpose of long pulse operation. The phenomenon of mode flipping is found to occur quite frequently during a discharge with these magnetic-field-free cathodes. Species composition as a function of discharge power and chamber length is measured by a mass spectrometer.     

A SOS-Generator for technological applications

A solid-state nanosecond SOS-generator for electrophysical technology applications is described. In the input part of the generator, the energy arrives at the high-voltage magnetic compressor through IGBT modules and a step-up pulse transformer. The input part of the generator is equipped with an unused energy recuperation circuit, and, when the output pulse is formed, the microsecond pumping mode of the semiconductor opening switch (SOS) is realized. As a result, the complete efficiency of the generator operating into a matched load is increased from ∼40 to 60–62%. The other characteristics of the generator are as follows: the peak voltage is up to 60 kV, the current is up to 6 kA, the pulse duration is about 40 ns, the pulse repetition rate in the continuous mode is 1 kHz, and the average output power is up to 9 kW.     

Simple automatic initiator for microwave induced plasmas

A simple circuit is described which is used to maintain continuity of a radio-frequency or microwave induced plasma. The microwave power reflected from the discharge is monitored. Upon an increase of the reflected power which indicates that the plasma has become extinguished, a high-voltage pulse is applied to a coil wrapped around the discharge region. The repetition rate, voltage of the pulse, and threshold of reflected power are adjustible. This circuit is applicable to resonance fluorescence, atomic absorption and emission, and kinetic determinations.     

有源功率因数校正电路在电动叉车充电装置中的应用

为了解决电动叉车在充电过程中产生的谐波,提高电能利用效率,保证输出稳定的电压,设计了以UC3854芯片为核心的有源功率因数校正电路。采用抑制干扰强的双闭环控制方法,电流内环保证输入电流与输入电压同相位,电压外环保证输出电压的稳定。设计了电路拓扑结构,确定了电路元件参数,利用Matlab软件对系统进行了建模仿真。仿真结果显示:网侧输入端电流跟随输入电压变化且无相位差,网侧功率因数在0.99以上,电能传输效率大于97%,APFC电路的输出电压稳定,系统动态性能好,为充电系统中后续电路的供电质量提供可靠保障。     

A controlled stabilized high-voltage power supply for a photomultiplier tube

A small-size stabilized high-voltage power supply for a photomultiplier tube with remote digital and analog regulation of the output voltage is designed. The output voltage is smoothly regulated from 0.5 to 3 kV, the load current is 0–2 mA, and the ripple factor is 0.008%. The supply voltage is 12–16 V.     

磁通门传感器接口ASIC设计(英文)

基于磁通门传感器的二次谐波选择法原理,采用0.6 μm,N-well标准模拟CMOS工艺,设计并实现了磁通门传感器专用集成电路接口(ASIC).这种集成磁通门接口电路能够减小传统分立元件接口电路的体积,降低系统能耗,满足航天、军事等领域的微型化、低功耗需求.在分析磁通门传感器结构和特点的基础上,完成了激励电路及检测电路的设计,芯片面积为2.0 mm×2.0 mm,并采用HSPICE对电路各部分功能及其指标进行验证.对与微型磁通门探头集成的电路系统进行了测试,结果表明,当测量范围为±90 μT时,灵敏度可达16.5 mV/μT;在5V电源电压下,其功耗为35 mW.     

Magnetic multipole line-cusp plasma generator for neutral beam injectors

The magnetic multipole line-cusp device developed by MacKenzie and associates has been adapted for use as a neutral beam ion source. It has produced high-density, large volume, quiescent, uniform hydrogen plasmas, which makes it a potential candidate for use as a plasma generator for neutral beam injectors. The device is a water-cooled cylindrical copper discharge chamber (25 cm in diameter by 36 cm long) with one end enclosed by a set of extraction grids with a 15-cm-diam multi-aperture pattern. The chamber wall serves as an anode and is surrounded by an external system of rare-earth cobalt magnets arranged in a line-cusp geometry of 12 cusps; plasma is produced by electron emission from a hot cathode assembly. This source has achieved extracted beam currents of 12 A at 18.5 kV, radial plasma density uniformities of +/-5% over a 15-cm diameter, noise levels of less than +/-0.5%, and arc efficiencies (beam current/arc power) of 0.6 A/kW.     

高精密铅酸蓄电池充放电管理系统的研究

针对铅酸电池充放电管理系统中存在的谐波污染大、功率因数低、续航能力不足的问题,文中提出一种电流解耦控制算法,通过蓄电池充放电装置主电路原理和参数设计、检测电路设计、控制电路的设计,完成了一套智能铅酸蓄电池充放电管理装置设计,经过充电工况输出侧波形质量数据测试,该系统网侧输出额定电压120 V,网侧的功率因数达到了0.9...