基于用户视觉能力的交互设备筛选方法

普适计算为智能环境通过多个交互设备向用户提供信息服务奠定了基础,但如何选择恰当的设备向用户提供服务仍是一项待解决的问题。论文基于用户视觉交互能力参数筛选出最优的交互设备提供服务。根据用户的视野范围和面部朝向,结合所在位置,计算显示设备相对于用户的双向可达性;根据用户的视力水平,结合显示界面字符大小,计算显示设备所显示信息对用户的可读性;综合以上两方面信息计算设备推荐率。利用具有不同视觉能力的用户对论文所提出方法进行了验证,实验结果表明所提出方法能选择出最与用户交互能力匹配的交互设备。     

面向Web服务的交互访问控制

针对传统访问控制策略的不足,提出面向Web服务的交互式访问控制策略模式,为适应Web服务间的信息交互访问安全,设计一种基于SAML认证授权框架以实现协同用户与服务商之间交互访问的匹配机制。以Web服务的访问控制过程为例,分析Web服务的交互式访问控制协议的实现过程,结果证明,该协议能为Web服务提供更细粒度的访问控制。     

云计算中基于密文策略属性基加密的数据访问控制协议

云计算提供一种新兴的数据交互模式,实现了用户数据的远程存储、共享和计算。由于云计算的系统复杂性、网络开放性、资源集中性以及数据敏感性等特点,使得用户与云服务器的交互过程面临着严峻的安全威胁,成为云计算安全领域亟待解决的关键问题。文章首先介绍了云计算系统的系统组件、信任模型和攻击模型,针对云计算系统中的数据安全访问问题,提出了基于密文策略属性基加密的访问控制协议。该协议利用切比雪夫映射的半群特性实现了用户身份的合法性认证,并设计轻量级的属性加密算法实现用户数据的可靠性授权。同时,该协议主要引入身份认证、访问控制和前向安全性机制,实现用户身份真实性认证和数据可靠性访问。通过协议存储需求分析,表明该协议在数据属性集和密钥存储方面具有固定的存储空间需求,避免海量数据交互中用户存储空间的线性增长。通过分析,表明该协议具有较强的可靠性、灵活性和扩展性,适应于云环境中大规模数据交互的应用场景。     

普适计算隐私保护策略研究

普适计算环境中,用户的隐私保护意志可以通过让用户自己制定隐私信息的访问控制策略(隐私策略)而得到实现,研究隐私策略的统一表示及其执行机制可以有效地解决隐私策略的多样性问题.文中使用多类逻辑和描述逻辑,建立了隐私策略模型和隐私策略公理,提出了隐私规则知识库的概念,给出了隐私策略的逻辑推理方法.在此之上,从应用的角度,定义了隐私策略本体,提出了隐私规则的执行流程.通过规则引擎,验证了隐私规则的有效性和可用性.     

云计算中基于SLA的服务可信协商与访问控制策略

针对当前云计算中因服务提供者(SP)的信任保障机制缺失而容易被不可信服务消费者(SC)滥用的现象,提出面向SC实体的服务可信协商及访问控制策略.该策略首先依据系统信任规则来表达服务实体的可信程度,然后通过求解SC实体的直接和间接信任推理空间建立信任证据的举证方法,同时采用服务级别协议(service level agreements,SLA)构建交互双方的协商机制,最后综合信任传递与迭代计算策略,确定服务交互的SLA等级,提供相应级别的服务,从而达到访问控制的目的.理论分析与实验结果表明,该方法虽少量增加了协商的次数,但能较好解决服务被滥用以及利用率不高的问题,为云计算环境下信任协商研究提供一种有效的新方法.     

基于属性和规则的访问控制模型

针对分布式服务环境中用户数目大量增长和资源访问策略复杂多样化的问题,分析目前访问控制模型的应用局限性,提出多用户服务模式中一种基于属性和规则的访问控制模型。该模型引入复合属性表达式和复合权限的概念,制定授权约束规则,为用户分配多组角色。给出模型实例,并将其与其他模型进行比较。     

一种基于CPN的运行时监控服务交互行为的方法

BPEL对Web服务组合的描述特性使得它很难表达和分析服务组合中的交互行为属性.这些行为属性需要遵循一定的交互协议.然而良定义的交互协议还是容易受到侵犯,这将导致服务组合进程产生状态不一致的问题.为了解决这类实际交互行为与其服务组合描述之间的不一致性问题,提出了一种由BPEL描述自动构造运行时监控器的方法.首先提出了一种基于有色Petri网(CPN)的形式化表示模型以及服务组合规约到模型的映射方法,用于精确表达从BPEL流程描述中提取的服务交互行为规约.然后,描述了由CPN形式化表示模型生成运行时监控器的方法.该运行时监控器能够捕获所有进出服务组合进程的交互消息,并且检测是否存在违背交互协议的行为.     

基于移动自组网的服务发现体系结构设计

移动自组网络(MANET)是自治的无基础设施的网络,在此基础上进行的服务发现体系有别于传统的服务发现体系,需要从网络传输、服务注册以及服务发现等方面充分考虑移动无线网络和移动设备的特性。现有的基于有线网络或者单点自组网络协议的相关服务技术标准及协议用于MANET,存在很大的局限性和不足。充分考虑移动自组网中设备的移动性和网络环境的不稳定性后,提出了一个基于分簇的体系架构设计,并在该体系架构中就服务传输协议、面向容错的分簇策略、非集中式的服务注册和服务发现机制等方面提出了针对性的设计方案。仿真结果显示,在移动自组网的特殊网络和设备环境下,这一新的体系架构和相关服务发现策略从服务匹配准确度、反馈时间等方面都优于传统方式的服务描述模式和服务发现机制。     

基于改进多目标进化算法的微服务用户请求分配策略

如何对基于微服务架构的系统进行并发用户请求的分配以使得时间、成本和均衡性等目标得到优化,是面向微服务的应用系统需关注的重要问题之一.现有的基于固定规则的用户请求分配策略仅着重于负载均衡性的解决,难以处理多目标需求间的平衡.为此,文中提出以请求处理总时间、负载均衡率和通信传输总距离为多个目标的微服务用户请求分配模型,研究并发用户请求在部署于不同资源中心的多个微服务实例间的分配策略,并使用基于改进初始解生成策略、交叉算子和变异算子的多目标进化算法对该问题进行求解.在不同规模的数据集上进行多次实验,结果表明,提出的方法与常用的多目标进化算法和传统的基于固定规则的方法相比,能够更好地处理多个目标间的平衡,具有更好的求解性能.     

基于Agent的网络地图服务聚合模型

为了给用户提供智能化、一体化的网络地图服务,提出基于Agent的地图服务聚合模型。设计基于Agent的服务搜索、注册、集成和交互模式,介绍面向角色的Agent功能模块,根据相应规则实现智能化处理。实验结果表明,该模型能够提高地图服务的自动聚合和交互能力,为用户使用带来便利。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.