Antioxidant Potential of Aqueous Dispersions of Fullerenes C60, C70, and Gd@C82

The antioxidant potential (capacity and activity) of aqueous fullerene dispersions (AFD) of non-functionalized C₆₀, C₇₀, and Gd@C₈₂ endofullerene (in micromolar concentration range) was estimated based on chemiluminescence measurements of the model of luminol and generation of organic radicals by 2,2′-azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP). The antioxidant capacity was estimated by the TRAP method, from the concentration of half-suppression, and from the suppression area in the initial period. All three approaches agree and show that the antioxidant capacity of AFDs increased in the order Gd@C₈₂ < C₇₀ < C₆₀. Mathematical modeling of the long-term kinetics data was used for antioxidant activity estimation. The effect of C₆₀ and C₇₀ is found to be quenching of the excited product of luminol with ABAP-generated radical and not an actual antioxidant effect; quenching constants differ insignificantly. Apart from quenching with a similar constant, the AFD of Gd@C₈₂ exhibits actual antioxidant action. The antioxidant activity in Gd@C₈₂ is 300-fold higher than quenching constants.     

The Effect of Fullerenol C60(OH)36 on the Antioxidant Defense System in Erythrocytes

Background: Fullerenols (water-soluble derivatives of fullerenes), such as C₆₀(OH)₃₆, are biocompatible molecules with a high ability to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), but the mechanism of their antioxidant action and cooperation with endogenous redox machinery remains unrecognized. Fullerenols rapidly distribute through blood cells; therefore, we investigated the effect of C₆₀(OH)₃₆ on the antioxidant defense system in erythrocytes during their prolonged incubation. Methods: Human erythrocytes were treated with fullerenol at concentrations of 50–150 µg/mL, incubated for 3 and 48 h at 37 °C, and then hemolyzed. The level of oxidative stress was determined by examining the level of thiol groups, the activity of antioxidant enzymes (catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione transferase), and by measuring erythrocyte microviscosity. Results: The level of thiol groups in stored erythrocytes decreased; however, in the presence of higher concentrations of C₆₀(OH)₃₆ (100 and 150 µg/mL), the level of -SH groups increased compared to the control. Extending the incubation to 48 h caused a decrease in antioxidant enzyme activity, but the addition of fullerenol, especially at higher concentrations (100–150 µg/mL), increased its activity. We observed that C₆₀(OH)₃₆ had no effect on the microviscosity of the interior of the erythrocytes. Conclusions: In conclusion, our results indicated that water-soluble C₆₀(OH)₃₆ has antioxidant potential and efficiently supports the enzymatic antioxidant system within the cell. These effects are probably related to the direct interaction of C₆₀(OH)₃₆ with the enzyme that causes its structural changes.     

C60 Fullerene Reduces 3-Nitropropionic Acid-Induced Oxidative Stress Disorders and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Rats by Modulation of p53, Bcl-2 and Nrf2 Targeted Proteins

C₆₀ fullerene as a potent free radical scavenger and antioxidant could be a beneficial means for neurodegenerative disease prevention or cure. The aim of the study was to define the effects of C₆₀ administration on mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress disorders in a 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA)-induced rat model of Huntington’s disease. Animals received 3-NPA (30 mg/kg i.p.) once a day for 3 consecutive days. C₆₀ was applied at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight, i.p. daily over 5 days before (C₆₀ pre-treatment) and after 3-NPA exposure (C₆₀ post-treatment). Oxidative stress biomarkers, the activity of respiratory chain enzymes, the level of antioxidant defense, and pro- and antiapoptotic markers were analyzed in the brain and skeletal muscle mitochondria. The nuclear and cytosol Nrf2 protein expression, protein level of MnSOD, γ-glutamate-cysteine ligase (γ-GCLC), and glutathione-S-transferase (GSTP) as Nrf2 targets were evaluated. Our results indicated that C₆₀ can prevent 3-NPA-induced mitochondrial dysfunction through the restoring of mitochondrial complexes’ enzyme activity, ROS scavenging, modulating of pro/antioxidant balance and GSH/GSSG ratio, as well as inhibition of mitochondria-dependent apoptosis through the limitation of p53 mitochondrial translocation and increase in Bcl-2 protein expression. C₆₀ improved mitochondrial protection by strengthening the endogenous glutathione system via glutathione biosynthesis by up-regulating Nrf2 nuclear accumulation as well as GCLC and GSTP protein level.     

Fullerene polymer film as a highly efficient photocatalyst for selective solar fuel production from CO2

C₆₀-based polymeric systems have been constantly anticipated for sustainable solar energy conversion. Reported, herein is a C₆₀ polymer film as visible light active photocatalyst for efficient and selective reduction of CO₂ for the first time. The C₆₀ polymer photocatalyst is synthesized via covalent coupling of C₆₀ monomer units consisting of tetra substituted C₆₀-pyrene conjugates through spacer groups. The synthesized C₆₀ polymer photocatalyst possesses an extended network of well-defined repeating monomer units with good stability and visible light-induced photocatalytic activity. The enhanced visible light harvesting ability of C₆₀ polymer photocatalyst reasonably yields it with higher catalytic ability than its monomer unit. The C₆₀ polymer film photocatalyst upon coupling with the biocatalyst carries out highly selective visible light driven reduction of CO₂ to HCOOH (239.46 μmol). The tandem way of incorporating C₆₀ into visible light active polymeric films for continuous use may be highly rewarding for their extended photocatalytic activity for solar fuel production from CO₂. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48536.     

Synthesis of alkali-metal-doped C60 nanotubes

C₆₀ nanotubes have been synthesized by a solution-solution method. After degassing in a dynamic vacuum, the C₆₀ nanotubes doped with alkali metals by means of vapor evaporation method. Different temperatures have been studied to evaporate the alkali metals for the doping experiments. Raman spectrum was further employed to analyze the doping concentration of the obtained samples. It was found that all three alkali metals (Li, Na and K) used can be efficiently doped into the C₆₀ nanotubes, forming A_xC₆₀ nanotubes. The doping concentration of Li, Na changed from low to high level, depending on the experiment temperatures, while K doping always gave saturated doping. The melt points, the ionic sizes and vapor pressures of alkali metals were thought to affect the final doping results.     

Electrochemistry of nitrated fullerene derivatives

Hexanitro[60]-fullerene was synthesized. Hexahydroxy[60]-fullerene was obtained by hydrolysis of the resulting hexanitro[60]-fullerene in situ. The electrochemical properties have been investigated by using cyclic voltammetry and controlled potential electrolysis technique. Two reduction peaks of C₆₀(OH)₆ with quasi-reversibility in DMF solution were observed. No electrochemical response was observed for the C₆₀(OH)₁₂ compound in a variety of solvent. An electrode following chemical reaction occurred for C₆₀(NO₂)₆ after the first reduction at ? 0.96 V. The trace amount residue of C₆₀(NO₂)₆ shows quasi-reversible redox behavior. The results from the controlled potential electrolysis show that the C₆₀(NO₂)₆ has six sequential electron transfer at ? 0.96 V (vs. Fc/Fc⁺) to produce free C₆₀ and NO₂^? anion.     

Effect of functional group polarity on the encapsulation of C60 derivatives in the inner space of carbon nanohorns

Encapsulation of C₆₀, its hydroxides (C₆₀(OH)_n, n = 10, 36, 44), and its hydride (C₆₀H₃₆) into inner space of carbon nanohorns (CNHs) from solutions or dispersions in various solvents by the nano-condensation method was attempted. The effect of the functional groups on the encapsulation was evaluated by transmission electron microscopy. C₆₀, C₆₀(OH)₁₀, and C₆₀H₃₆ can be efficiently encapsulated inside CNHs using toluene, THF, and DMSO as solvents, whereas C₆₀(OH)₃₆ and C₆₀(OH)₄₄ are hardly encapsulated from any solution. Because the molecular size of C₆₀(OH)₁₀ is similar to that of C₆₀(OH)₃₆ and C₆₀(OH)₄₄, the difference in encapsulation is not caused by molecular size. The efficient encapsulation of C₆₀H₃₆ in CNHs suggests that molecules can be encapsulated in carbon nanomaterials even when the π–π interaction with the sp²-hybridized carbon walls is weak. These results suggest the polarity of the functional group of the C₆₀ derivatives as the main factor in determining whether they can be encapsulated in CNHs. C₆₀(OH)₃₆ and C₆₀(OH)₄₄ contain many hydroxyl groups, thus these molecules self-aggregate and do not pass the holes of CNHs, resulting in poor encapsulation.     

Design,Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, 2D-QSAR Modeling,and Molecular Docking Studies of Novel 1H-3-Indolyl Derivatives as Significant Antioxidants

Novel candidates of 3-(4-(thiophen-2-yl)-pyridin/pyran/pyrimidin/pyrazol-2-yl)-1H-indole derivatives (2–12) were designed by pairing the pyridine/pyrane/pyrimidine/pyrazole heterocycles with indole and thiophene to investigate their potential activities as (2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) inhibitors. The purpose of these derivatives’ modification is to create high-efficiency antioxidants, especially against ABTS, as a result of the efficiency of this set of key heterocycles in the inhibition of ROS. Herein, 2D QSAR modeling was performed to recommend the most promising members for further in vitro investigations. Furthermore, the pharmacological assay for antioxidant activity evaluation of the yielded indole-based heterocycles was tested against ABTS (2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid); by utilizing ascorbic acid as the standard. Candidate 10 showed higher antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 28.23 μg/mL) than ascorbic acid itself which achieved (IC₅₀ = 30.03 μg/mL). Moreover, molecular docking studies were performed for the newly designed and synthesized drug candidates to propose their mechanism of action as promising cytochrome c peroxidase inhibitors compared to ascorbic acid as a reference standard. Our findings could be promising in the medicinal chemistry scope for further optimization of the newly designed and synthesized compounds regarding the introduced structure-activity relationship study (SAR) in order to get a superior antioxidant lead compound in the near future.     

Synthesis of amphiphilic amino acid C60 derivatives and their protective effect on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in rat pheochromocytoma cells

Water-soluble fullerene derivatives have often been used as effective scavengers for reactive oxygen species. Three amphiphilic amino acid C₆₀ derivatives, β-alanine C₆₀ derivative, cystine C₆₀ derivative and arginine C₆₀ derivative have been synthesized and characterized. Because of the hydrophobic interaction, the amino acid C₆₀ derivatives could self-assemble to form spherical aggregates. Moreover, the cystine C₆₀ derivative and arginine C₆₀ derivative could further form multilayer vesicles because of hydrogen bonding. Experiments demonstrate that the aggregate morphology could impact the protective effect of amino acid C₆₀ derivatives on apoptosis. These compounds were able to penetrate the cell membrane and reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and cellular damage caused by hydrogen peroxide in PC12 cells. The results suggest that amino acid C₆₀ derivatives have the potential to prevent oxidative stress-induced cell death without evident toxicity. Hence, we hypothesize that the protective effect of amino acid C₆₀ derivatives on hydrogen peroxide induced apoptosis is related to many factors, such as scavenger activity and morphology of the aggregate.     

Enantioanalysis of S-deprenyl using enantioselective, potentiometric membrane electrodes based on C60 derivatives

Enantioselective, potentiometric membrane electrodes based on (1,2-methanofullerene C₆₀)-61-carboxylic acid, diethyl (1,2-methanofullerene C₆₀)-61-61-dicarboxylate and tert-butyl (1,2-methanofullerene C₆₀)-61-carboxylic acid were proposed for the enantioanalysis of S-deprenyl in pharmaceutical compounds. Molecular modeling calculations were performed to prove the reliability of the proposed electrodes. The different characteristics involved in this analysis were explained, namely (i) the stability of each molecule using total energy, hardness and dipole moment, and (ii) the explanation of the mechanism of interaction using intermolecular forces (moderate hydrogen bond interactions), atomic charges and electrostatic potential. Electronic structures as well as molecular interaction have been investigated using Hartree-Fock theory, 3-21G(*) basis set. Stability and feasibility of all the generated structures were supported by their respective energy minima and fundamental frequencies.     

A Novel Antibacterial Component and the Mechanisms of an Amaranthus tricolor Leaf Ethyl Acetate Extract against Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli

The aim of the present investigation was to determine the active ingredients in Amaranthus tricolor L. leaves and develop a biological pesticide. Organic solvent extraction, column chromatography, liquid chromatography, ODS-C18 reverse elution, Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration, H spectrum, and C spectrum were used to isolate the pure product for an assessment of the agricultural activity and bacteriostatic mechanisms. The results showed that the activity of the crude extract following carbon powder filtration was 1.63-fold that of the non-filtered extract. Further isolation was performed to obtain two pure products, namely, hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA) and benzo[b]furan-2-carboxaldehyde (BFC), and their molecular formulas and molecular weights were C₇H₆O₃ and 138.12, and C₉H₆O₂ and 146.12, respectively. Our study is the first to determine that HBA has bacteriostatic activity (MIC 125 μg/mL) and is also the first to isolate BFC from A. tricolor. The ultrastructure observation results showed that HBA caused the bacteria to become shriveled, distorted, and deformed, as well as exhibit uneven surfaces. After HBA treatment, 70 differentially expressed metabolites were detected in the bacteria, of which 9 were downregulated and 61 were upregulated. The differentially expressed metabolites were mainly strigolactones, organic acids and derivatives, fatty acids, benzene and substituted benzene derivatives, amino acids and associated metabolites, and alcohols and amines. Among all of the downregulated differentially expressed metabolites, MEDP1280 was the most critical, as it participates in many physiological and biochemical processes. The enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed metabolites mainly participate in tyrosine metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, cysteine and methionine metabolism, and arginine and proline metabolism. Additionally, HBA was found to disrupt cell membrane permeability and integrity, causing the leakage of substances and apoptosis. The physiological and biochemical test results showed that HBA could increase the pyruvate levels in bacteria but could decrease the activities of respiratory enzymes (malate dehydrogenase (MDH) and NADH oxidase) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX)). Inverse molecular docking was used to study the binding between HBA and respiratory and antioxidant enzymes. The results showed that HBA could bind to MDH, NADH oxidase, SOD, and GSH-PX, suggesting that these enzymes may be the effector targets of HBA. Conclusion: The optimal active ingredient in A. tricolor that can inhibit Acidovorax avenae subsp. citrulli was identified as HBA. HBA mainly disrupts the cell membrane, damages the metabolic system, and inhibits respiration and antioxidant enzyme activity to control bacterial growth. These results provide a reference for the further development of biological pesticides.     

New Octopus-like Phthalocyanines as Fullerene Receptors: Synthesis and Photophysical Investigation

Octopus-like zinc and magnesium phthalocyaninates bearing eight flexible benzylated diethylene glycol chains were synthesized and their interaction with fullerenes C₆₀ and C₇₀ was investigated by UV-Vis spectrophotometric titration, as well as by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy in chloroform and toluene media. These measurements revealed a high affinity of receptors for C₆₀ and C₇₀, with selectivity to C₇₀: binding constants for C₇₀ are almost two times higher than for C₆₀. These results are interpreted by means of quantum-chemical calculations using the PM6-DH2 Hamiltonian. The binding constants also depend on both the nature of the metal ion in the receptor and the solvent. It is expected that the obtained molecules and supramolecular complexes can be used for further elaboration of optoelectronic donor-acceptor materials.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Novel Cationic Lipids Derived from Thio Galactose

Two double chain cationic lipids QAS C _n -2-S (n = 12, 14) derived from thio galactose and carbamate-linkage tertiary amine were synthesized and their structures were confirmed by MS, TOF-MS, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR. The QAS C₁₂-2-S revealed superior surface activity compared with QAS C₁₄-2-S with lower CMC and γ_CMC. Though Lipo C₁₂-2-S displayed large average particle-size with high polydispersity, positive charged Lipo C _n -2-S can be combined with the negative charged DNA, also negatively stained TEM images confirmed the formation of vesicles. All the above prove that the Lipo C _n -2-S is helpful for gene transfection.     

Formation of fullerenes by pyrolysis of 1,2′-binaphthyl and 1,3-oligonaphthylene

High-temperature pyrolysis of two fullerene precursors - 1,2′-binaphthyl and 1,3-oligonaphthyl - has been investigated. An oligomer of naphthalene with the appropriate orientation of fragments, which contains all 60 carbon atoms, 12 of 20 six-membered rings and 71 of 90 carbon-carbon bonds required to form the C₆₀ fullerene cage was synthesized in a three-step synthesis from naphthalene. The formation of fullerene during pyrolysis was confirmed by MALDI-TOF and HPLC analysis of the toluene extract obtained from the raw soot. It was found that the toluene extract contains free C₆₀ fullerene but the main share of fullerenes exists in the form of their derivatives. The yield of free C₆₀ was estimated as 0.1% by HPLC but the overall yield of C₆₀ seems to be higher and was estimated as ≈1%.     

Enhancement of Alkaline Protease Activity and Stability via Covalent Immobilization onto Hollow Core-Mesoporous Shell Silica Nanospheres

The stability and reusability of soluble enzymes are of major concerns, which limit their industrial applications. Herein, alkaline protease from Bacillus sp. NPST-AK15 was immobilized onto hollow core-mesoporous shell silica (HCMSS) nanospheres. Subsequently, the properties of immobilized proteases were evaluated. Non-, ethane- and amino-functionalized HCMSS nanospheres were synthesized and characterized. NPST-AK15 was immobilized onto the synthesized nano-supports by physical and covalent immobilization approaches. However, protease immobilization by covalent attachment onto the activated HCMSS–NH₂ nanospheres showed highest immobilization yield (75.6%) and loading capacity (88.1 μg protein/mg carrier) and was applied in the further studies. In comparison to free enzyme, the covalently immobilized protease exhibited a slight shift in the optimal pH from 10.5 to 11.0, respectively. The optimum temperature for catalytic activity of both free and immobilized enzyme was seen at 60 °C. However, while the free enzyme was completely inactivated when treated at 60 °C for 1 h the immobilized enzyme still retained 63.6% of its initial activity. The immobilized protease showed higher V_max, k_cat and k_cat/K_m, than soluble enzyme by 1.6-, 1.6- and 2.4-fold, respectively. In addition, the immobilized protease affinity to the substrate increased by about 1.5-fold. Furthermore, the enzyme stability in various organic solvents was significantly enhanced upon immobilization. Interestingly, the immobilized enzyme exhibited much higher stability in several commercial detergents including OMO, Tide, Ariel, Bonux and Xra by up to 5.2-fold. Finally, the immobilized protease maintained significant catalytic efficiency for twelve consecutive reaction cycles. These results suggest the effectiveness of the developed nanobiocatalyst as a candidate for detergent formulation and peptide synthesis in non-aqueous media.     

Palladium nanocrystals supported on photo-transformed C60 nanorods: Effect of crystal morphology and electron mobility on the electrocatalytic activity towards ethanol oxidation

We report on the synthesis and decoration of high-aspect-ratio crystalline C₆₀ nanorods (NRs) by functionalized palladium nanoparticles with an average size of 4.78 ± 0.66 nm. In their pristine form, C₆₀ NRs suffer from partial damage in the solution-based decoration process resulting in poor crystallinity. However, by modifying the NR surface via in situ photochemical transformation in the liquid state, we are able to prepare highly stable NRs that retain their crystalline structure during the decoration process. Our method thus opens up for the synthesis of highly crystalline nanocomposite hybrids comprising Pd nanoparticles and C₆₀ NRs. Bys measuring the electron mobility of different C₆₀ NRs, we relate both the effect of electron mobility and crystallinity to the final electrocatalytic performance of the synthesized hybrid structures. We show that the photo-transformed C₆₀ NRs exhibit highly advantageous properties for ethanol oxidation based on both a better crystallinity and a higher bulk conductivity. These findings give important information in the search for efficient catalyst support.     

A pH-sensitive double [60]fullerene-end-capped polymers via ATRP: Synthesis and aggregation behavior

A double [60]fullerene (C₆₀)-end-capped water-soluble polymer [C₆₀-DMAEMA₆₈-C(CH₃)₂COOCH₂]₂ was synthesized by cycloaddition of the double azido-terminated [DMAEMA₆₈-C(CH₃)₂COOCH₂]₂ with C₆₀. The well-defined [Br(Cl)-DMAEMA₆₈-C(CH₃)₂COOCH₂]₂ was first synthesized via ATRP using ethylene bis(2-bromoisobutyrate) as initiator in ethanol. TGA and spectrophotometric analyses confirmed that monoaddition to C₆₀ had occurred. In aqueous solution, [C₆₀-DMAEMA₆₈-C(CH₃)₂COOCH₂]₂ self-assembled into flower micelles. The aggregation behaviors in unbuffered distilled water and in acidic solution at pH 3 were studied by laser light scattering (LLS). The micelles formed in distilled water has an aggregation number (N_agg) of ∼242 which is about three times larger than that at pH 3 solution (N_agg = 81). However, the micellar size is bigger at pH 3, due to the highly stretched corona resulting from the charge repulsion among the protonated amino groups. After calcination, the C₆₀ core could be seen clearly by AFM. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) of [C₆₀-DMAEMA₆₈-C(CH₃)₂COOCH₂]₂ is lower in unbuffered distilled water (28.6 mg dm⁻³) than in solution at pH 3 (176.8 mg dm⁻³).     

Structure and electrical properties of heat-treated fullerene nanowhiskers as potential energy device materials

Fine carbon tubes “fullerene shell tubes (FSTs)” have been found among the C₆₀ nanowhiskers heat-treated under vacuum at a temperature higher than 600 °C. FSTs with open ends have been found as well as FSTs with closed spherical ends. It has been also found that the FSTs can be easily prepared by the heat treatment of the C₆₀ whiskers prepared by using C₆₀ powders containing (η²-C₆₀)Pt(PPh₃)₂. Since the high temperature-treated fullerene (nano)whiskers exhibit a high specific surface area and a good electrical conductivity, they are expected to be utilized as new electrode materials for fuel cells.     

C60-containing nanostructured polymeric materials with potential biomedical applications

Star-shaped polymers with a fullerene (C₆₀) core and an unexpanded structure were successfully prepared by reaction of C₆₀ with amino end-capped polyesters H_xC₆₀(NHPCL_n)_x and polyethers H_xC₆₀(NHPEG_n)_x, respectively. Upon irradiation of these C₆₀-derivatives, a large amount of singlet oxygen was released. Compared to previously synthesized star-shaped azafulleroids with an expanded structure, the photosensitivity of H_xC₆₀(NHPCL_n)_x is higher as assessed by a higher production of singlet oxygen. The cytotoxicity of the photoactive water-soluble H_xC₆₀(NHPEG_n)_x derivatives was tested against THP-1 cells and expressed in terms of cell viability. Moreover, they were processed as micro-/nanosized fibers by electrospinning, which however required the addition of poly(?-caprolactone) (PCL). The diameter distribution of the fibers was trimodal, where the fraction with the 270 nm average diameter was the major population. Because of their photoactivity, the herein reported star-shaped C₆₀-derivatives are promising candidates for photodynamic cancer therapy and treatment of multidrug resistant pathogens.     

Low temperature sintering of magnetic Ni0.5Co0.5Fe2O4 ceramics prepared from mechanochemically synthesized nanopowders

The effect of mechanochemichally synthesized nanoceramics Ni_0.5Co_0.5Fe₂O₄ (NCF) on the sintering process was studied. After 60?h of mechanochemichal treatment, the amount of formed ferrite phase reaches to about 70?vol%. From 60–100?h 10% increase in volume fraction of synthesized magnetic phase can be observed. Further increment in process time had no remarkable effect on the NCF phase formation. After 60?h, ceramic nanoparticle formation is directly reflected by TEM image and specific surface area (28?m²/g equivalent to 40?nm in diameter). The coercivity (Hc) shows a drastic diminution from 1996 to about 159?Oe by 60?h process time. Further milling treatment has no observable effect on the values of Hc. Additionally, the magnetization saturation (Ms) increases up to ~13?emu/g by 60?h mechanical milling of powders mixture. Thereafter from 60?h to 100?h, the Ms rapidly increased from 13 to 32?Oe. Finally, with continuing mechanochemichal process up to 130?h the Ms slightly diminished (~29?emu/g). Additionally, compared to synthesized powders the higher values of M_S (65?emu/g) and lower values of H_C (140?Oe) for sintered ceramic were detected. The low sintering temperature (1300?°C) for magnetic NCF sample prepared from nanoparticles may be caused by the high activity of nanoceramics.