T型挤压平模三维应力分布

采用三维光弹法模拟研究了挤压平模的三维应力场,得到了T型挤压模在不同高度处σx、σy、σz的分布规律。同时对实验结果进行了拟合,建立了应力场模型,可为挤压模具设计提供参考。     

径向系列切片法分析和确定复杂型腔凹模的三维光弹应力

本文对三维光弹的基本方程和补充方程的建立、(次)主应力方向的判别、三维应力场计算程序的编制等进行了比较系统的探讨和研究。提出采用径向系列切片法来分析和确定诸如齿形等复杂型腔挤压凹模的三维光弹应力,实现了在一个模型上进行全场应力观测。其处理方法、公式系统及计算程序对复杂型腔挤压凹模及其多层组合凹模的三维应力场分析具有普遍意义。     

双凸模差速挤压方形弯曲管件工艺过程有限元模拟

提出通过控制不同凸模的压下速度并调节挤压管件的弯曲曲率,实现弯曲管件一次性挤压成形的新方法。采用有限元法模拟了弯曲管件双凸模差速挤出过程,分析了双凸模挤压过程速度场分布、材料流动规律、挤压力、应力场和应变场的分布。     

分流组合模挤压铝合金口琴管的数值模拟

采用刚粘塑性有限元法,在DEFORM-3D有限元商业软件上成功实现了铝合金口琴管分流组合模挤压过程的三维数值模拟,获得了分流组合模挤压过程中材料的流动规律,挤压力、应力场、应变场和温度场的分布,以及模具出口处金属流速的分布情况。通过数值模拟发现,型材出口流速不均匀,造成端面不齐,对此,提出了模具修改方案,通过调节模具工作带的长度,实现了型材挤压出口流速均匀的目的,从而保障了型材的产品质量。模拟结果为模具的优化设计及工艺参数的选取提供了理论参考。     

铝型材挤压模具UGⅡ的3D交互式设计技术开发

采用UGⅡ的三维建模技术和Visua1 C++,利用UG/OPEN API开发了铝型材挤压模具的CAD系统,实现了普通铝型材挤压模的三维CAD设计.     

凿岩钎头壳体温挤压凹模的有限元分析

运用有限元分析软件ANSYS的接触分析,对凿岩钎头壳体温挤压成型凹模进行了数值模拟。采用大变形弹塑性有限元方法,接触类型采用面-面接触的半柔体-柔体接触,对不同摩擦系数下,挤压凹模的总体等效应力场、凹模不同剖面和不同表面的等效应力情况、凹模的剪应力进行了分析。结果表明：凹模工作的危险区域分布在成型排粉沟的凸面附近,挤压过程中凹模和坯料之间合适的摩擦系数取值在0．10～0．15之间。结合工业考核．对挤压模具和挤压工艺进行了改进。     

华北地区莱州湾沿海金矿区现今构造应力状态及构造作用（英文）

为了研究华北地区莱州湾附近沿海金矿区的现今构造应力状态和构造作用，采用应力解除法、滞弹性应变恢复法和水压致裂法开展地应力测量工作，共测定49组地应力数据。结果表明，水平构造应力在现今应力场中占主导地位，是一种典型的构造应力场。应力场的特征为σ_H>σ_h>σ_v (σ_H、σ_h和σ_v分别为最大水平主应力、最小水平主应力和垂直主应力)和σ_H>σ_v>σ_h，这分别有利于逆冲和走滑断裂活动。应力水平相对较高，不利于地下结构的稳定性。σ_H的方向为WNW–ESE或近E-W向，这与震源机制解和区域地质构造分析的结果一致。现今应力场是不同地质时期动力作用和构造运动的结果，研究区的应力场总体上继承了第三期(喜马拉雅运动期)构造应力场的特征，同时部分保留了第二期(燕山期)构造应力场的特征，最终演化为以近E-W向挤压为特征的构造应力场。     

模具结构对AZ91镁合金挤压成形性能的影响

AZ91镁合金由于强度高、流动性好等特点,通常用作铸造合金。研究该合金合理的挤压温度、挤压速度及模具结构,对提高其塑性成形性能、开发高强度变形镁合金有重要的理论和实际意义。文章通过热模拟试验研究了AZ91镁合金应力应变关系,确定了最佳变形温度。在此基础上,采用三维有限元法模拟分析了不同挤压速度、模具结构对挤压过程温度场、速度场及应力场的影响。结果表明,采用锥模和流线模时,当定径带长度为15mm~20mm时,可在挤压速度达到5mm/s的条件下成形出表面光滑无裂纹的镁合金棒材;而采用平模挤压时,当定径带长度为10mm~20mm时,获得良好表面质量的挤压速度达到2.5mm/s。在650t的卧式挤压机上,进行了该合金的挤压实验,实验结果与模拟结果相吻合。     

模具结构对镁合金棒材裂纹形成的有限元和实验研究

为了减少挤压过程中金属的非均匀流动而导致的AZ31挤压棒的表面裂纹,用三维有限元模拟了其挤压过程,并进行了实验的验证.研究表明:与锥角模具相比,流线模产生死区的倾向大大降低.由于表面附加拉伸应力的降低,使用流线模避免了表面裂纹的产生,而锥模将使挤压过程裂纹的形成趋向增加.结果表明,锥角模将导致连续的裂纹.采用流线模大约能够减少15t的挤压力.用DeformTM-3D模拟得到的理论结果和实验结果吻合.     

氧枪喷头底座挤压模失效分析

采用MSC/Superform软件对氧枪喷头底座挤压凸模的工作过程进行数值模拟,通过模拟得到凸模在挤压过程中温度场和应力场的变化规律,从模具的受热和受力2个方面探索凸模失效的主要原因,提出改进措施,延长模具的使用寿命。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.