0Crl8Ni10Ti管道钢的随机循环本构模型

通过完成增量步应变控制疲劳试验，研究了新管道钢0Cr18Ni10Ti的随机循环本构关系．试验验证了以前在焊缝金属试验中的发现与推断，即工程材料的循环本构存在随机性．与循环应变-寿命关系的随机性一样，是固有的疲劳现象。拓展以前赵等人的工作(Nucl．Eng．Des．，2000，199(3)：315-326)．基于Ramberg-Osgood方程及其修正形式．提出了任意存活概率和置信度的随机循环本构模型及参数的求解方法．模型包括存活概率．应变．寿命曲线、置信度．应变．寿命曲线和存活概率-置信度-应变-寿命曲线试验数据分析验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

0Cr18Ni10Ti管道钢的随机循环应变-寿命关系

试验研究了管道钢0Cr18Ni10Ti的随机循环应变-寿命关系。基于Coffin-Manson方程,提出了考虑了任意存活概率和置信度的随机CSL关系的模型及参数的求解方法。模型由概率-应变-寿命曲线、置信度-应变-寿命曲线和概率-置信度-应变-寿命曲线组成,分别用于表征试验数据分散性规律、数据量以及两者同时对概率评价的影响。试验数据的分析结果验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

OCr18Ni1OTi管道钢的随机循环应变-寿命关系

试验研究了管道钢OCr18Ni1OTi的随杨循环应变-寿命关系。基于Coffin-Manson方程，提出了考虑了任意存活概率和置信度的随机CSL关系的模型及参数的求解方法模型由概率-应变-寿命曲线、置信度-寿命曲线和概率-置信度-应变-寿命曲线组成，分别用于表征试验数据分散性规律、数据量以及两者同时对概率评价的影响。试验数据的分析结果验证了模型的有效性和实用性。     

16MnR钢焊接头概率循环应变-寿命模型的综合分析

对16MnR钢焊接头概率循环应变一寿命模型作了综合分析。综合利用不同试验条件下的试验数据,提出了合理的材料与结构概率设计分析曲线。模型用概率三参数幂指数模型表征,同时考虑了试验数据分散性和样本量对概率评价的影响,包含了存活概率曲线、置信度曲线和两者融合曲线,可为工程实践提供广泛的选择性。作为比较,相应给出了16MnR钢母材的各曲线参量。     

结构材料常规疲劳数据库开发

开发了反应堆结构材料常规疲劳数据库管理系统，库中包含了常规疲劳设计分析曲线参量，即应力－寿命、概率－应力－寿命、应变－寿命、概率－应变－寿命、循环应力－应变及概率－循环应力－应变曲线参量，以及相关材料和试验条件信息。可通过材料名称或机械性能区间指标查询。根据查询结果，可进行常规疲劳设计分析与评价或常规疲劳可靠性设计分析与评价。     

平均应变对0Gr18Ni10Ti钢随机循环应力-应变关系的影响规律

试验研究了平均应变对0Cr18Ni10Ti管道钢随机循环应力-应变关系的影响规律.从节约试样和试验费用角度,提出了改进的极大似然疲劳试验法,以应变比分别为-1、-0.52、-0.22、0.029、0.18和0.48完成了104个试样的应变控制疲劳试验.揭示出材料具有Masing行为和完全平均应力松弛特征,现有平均应变理论无法表征其影响.因此,首先基于Ramberg-Osgood方程,应用广义极大似然法有效地测定出各应变比的材料随机循环应力-应变关系.通过比较各应变比的循环应力幅均值、循环应力幅均方差和概率循环应力幅,揭示出高可靠性管理时,平均应变具有降低循环应力幅作用,应变比接近0时最显著,偏离逐渐减弱.说明了研究平均应变效应,仅考虑均值,可能给出错误评价;必须综合考虑均值、均方差和样本量3因素才能给出合理评价.     

16MnR缺口件疲劳启裂寿命的理论分析与试验研究

为了研究缺口形貌和加载条件对16MnR材料疲劳寿命的影响,进行了光滑圆棒试样和缺口圆棒试样的疲劳试验,得到了缺口件的疲劳启裂寿命和疲劳断裂寿命。通过用户子程序UMAT将16MnR材料的精确循环塑性本构关系嵌入到有限元件软件ABAQUS中,并结合多轴疲劳损伤准则,确定出1个加载循环在临界材料面上产生的疲劳损伤,进而通过理论模型预测缺口件的疲劳启裂寿命。疲劳启裂寿命的理论预测结果与试验数据相吻合,表明多轴应力状态下的缺口件疲劳启裂是所有不为0的应力、应变分量共同作用的结果。     

Zr-4合金小试样高温疲劳行为研究

基于Zr-4合金漏斗薄片小试样,完成了室温和400℃高温下的等幅横向应变循环与应变疲劳试验.根据弹塑性有限元分析,建立了基于局部应变等效的应变换算方法,并结合实验结果,得到了估算Zr-4合金应变疲劳寿命的Manson-Coffin模型.结果表明:低应变幅下,Zr-4合金表现出循环软化特征;高应变幅下,Zr-4合金表现出循环强化特征.高温严重降低了低应变幅下Zr-4合金的疲劳寿命,随着应变幅增加,温度影响趋弱.分析表明,基于传统应变转换公式的M-C模型用于估算疲劳寿命偏于保守.     

平均应变对0Cr18Ni10Ti管道钢随机应变-疲劳寿命关系的影响规律

试验研究了平均应变对0Cr18Ni10Ti管道钢随机应变-寿命关系的影响规律从节约试样和试验费用角度,采用改进的极大似然疲劳试验法,应变比分别为-1、-0．52、-0．22、0．029、0．18和0．48的条件下,完成了104个试样的应变控制疲劳试验在材料具有完全平均应力松弛特征、现有平均应变理论无法表征其影响情况下,首先基于Coffin—Manson方程,应用广义极大似然法有效地测定出各应变比下材料的随机应变-寿命关系．通过比较各应变比下疲劳寿命均值、对数疲劳寿命均方差和概率疲劳寿命,揭示出0Cr18Ni10Ti管道钢高可靠性时,应变比大于0有大约1．3-1．6的正面效应,小于0为负面效应现有平均应变效应研究仅考虑疲劳寿命均值可能给出错误评价;必须综合考虑均值、均方差和样本量3因素才能给出合理评价。     

1Cr_(18)Nl_9Ti钢的低周疲劳特性研究

通过对:Cr_(18)Ni_9Ti钢的低周疲劳循环试验,进行了试验结果的回归分析研究,给出了轴向总应变与循环寿命,以及总应变与循环至发生工程裂纹寿命的关系。     

Statistical model for the random cyclic strain–life relations of 1Cr18Ni9Ti pipe-weld metal under temperature of 240°C

Modeling of random cyclic strain–life (CSL) relations of engineering material should be a basis of strain-based fatigue reliability analysis. A statistical model for the relations of a nuclear engineering material, 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel pipe-weld metal under temperature of 240°C, is presented. In the model, a verified distribution, i.e. lognormal distribution, is used as an appropriate assumed distribution of the material fatigue life data. Based on the Coffin–Manson law, the relations are modeled by mean value- and standard deviation-cyclic curves of the logarithm of fatigue life. Then, fatigue analysis at an arbitrarily given probability can be made conveniently according to the normal distribution function. An approach for estimating the curves and their confidence bounds is developed by a linear regression technique. Different from the existent reliability analysis methods that considered the material constants in the law as independently random variables, present work treats them as dependently random variables from the fit of test data. Availability of the model has been indicated by an analysis of the material test data.     

Inelastic behaviour of steel under plasticity-creep interaction condition: An interim report of the Bench Mark project by the subcommittee on inelastic analysis and life prediction of high temperature materials, JSMS

Some of the interim results of the Bench Mark Project by the Subcommittee on the Inelastic Analysis and Life Prediction of High Temperature Materials, JSMS, is presented. The purpose of the present bench mark study is to review and evaluate the inelastic constitutive models relevant to material response under the plasticity-creep interaction.By specifying normalized and tempered steel at 600°C, sixteen bench mark problems of four categories are first established: (I) tensile stress-strain relations and creep curves, (II) material response under mixed modes of plastic and creep loading, (III) ratcheting and deformation under program loads, and (IV) cyclic deformation behaviour under the combination of different strain rates. Then, the outline of seventeen inelastic constitutive models of nine types discussed in this project is presented. Finally, the interim results of these bench mark tests are compared with the corresponding predictions of the constitutive models to evaluate their accuracy in simulating the actual behaviour of the material.     

Random cyclic stress–strain responses of a stainless steel pipe-weld metal II — a modeling

This paper pays special attention to an issue that there is a significant scatter of the stress–strain responses of a nuclear engineering material, 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel pipe-weld metal. Efforts are made to reveal the random fatigue damage character by fracture surface observations and to model the random responses by introducing probability-based stress–strain curves of Ramberg–Osgood relation and its modified form. Results reveal that the fatigue damage is subjected to, 3-D interacting and involved microcracks. The three stages, namely microstructural short cracks (MSC), physical short cracks (PSC) and long cracks (LC) subdivided by Miller and de los Rios, can give a good characterization of the damage process. Both micro- and macro-behaviour of the material have the character of three stages. The 3-D effects are strong in the MSC stage, tend to a gradual decrease in the PSC stage, and then show saturation after going to the LC stage. Intrinsic causes of the random behaviour are the difference and evolution of the microstructural conditions ahead of the dominant crack tips. The ‘effectively short fatigue crack criterion’ introduced by Zhao et al. in observing the material surface short crack behaviour could facilitate an understanding of the mechanism of interaction and evolution. Based on the previous obtained appropriate assumed distribution, normal model, for the cyclic stress amplitude, the probability-based curves are approximated by the mean value and standard deviation cyclic stress–strain curves. Then, fatigue analysis at arbitrarily given reliability can be conveniently made according to the normal distribution function. To estimate these curves, a maximum likelihood method is developed. The analysis reveals that the curves could give a good modeling of the random responses of material.     

估计三种常用应力 -寿命模型概率设计 S-N曲线的统一方法

提出了适于三参数、Langer和Basquin三种常用应力－寿命模型称为广义极大似然法的估计概率设计S－N曲线及其置信限的统一方法。方法将概率设计S－N曲线表示为对数疲劳寿命均值和均方差曲线的广义形式。与现有常规和经典极大似然法方法不同,考虑所有试验数据的统计特征,应用最小二乘法先估计出均值曲线中的材料常数,然后利用极大似然原理和数学规划法估计出均方差曲线中的材料常数。有效性采用拟合相关系数、拟合误差均方差值和置信限综合评价。对反应堆不锈钢管道焊接头虚拟应力幅－裂纹萌生寿命数据及45＃碳钢成组法和极大似然法疲劳试验应力－寿命数据的分析说明了方法的有效性。一般来说,三参数模型的拟合效果最好,Langer模型次之,Basquin模型最差。本文方法的拟合效果好于现有方法,并尽量避免了现有方法受试验数据局部统计特征影响而可能给出偏于非安全估计的缺陷。     

Inelastic behaviour of 214Cr-1Mo steel under plasticity-creep interaction condition: An interim report of the Bench Mark project by the subcommittee on inelastic analysis and life prediction of high temperature materials,JSMS

Some of the interim results of the Bench Mark Project by the Subcommittee on the Inelastic Analysis and Life Prediction of High Temperature Materials, JSMS, is presented. The purpose of the present bench mark study is to review and evaluate the inelastic constitutive models relevant to material response under the plasticity-creep interaction.By specifying normalized and tempered $\text{2}\text{1}\text{4}\text{Cr-1Mo}$ steel at 600°C, sixteen bench mark problems of four categories are first established: (I) tensile stress-strain relations and creep curves, (II) material response under mixed modes of plastic and creep loading, (III) ratcheting and deformation under program loads, and (IV) cyclic deformation behaviour under the combination of different strain rates. Then, the outline of seventeen inelastic constitutive models of nine types discussed in this project is presented. Finally, the interim results of these bench mark tests are compared with the corresponding predictions of the constitutive models to evaluate their accuracy in simulating the actual behaviour of the material.     

不锈钢管道焊缝金属240℃循环变形行为的试验研究

基于增量步和成组法低周疲劳试验,研究了1Cr18Ni9Ti不锈钢管道焊缝金属在240℃下的循环变形行为。结果表明,材料为循环软化材料,具有轻微Non-masing行为特征。相同总应变范围的循环应力、应变（CSS）行为存在很大分散性,意味着任何外载,即使恒幅载荷也将导入一个随机应变载荷史,现有确定性方法可能导致偏于危险的设计分析,有必要引入概率方法表征材料的循环变形行为。基于验证的应力幅统计分布－正态分布,建议了概率Ramberg-Osgood CSS曲线的描述方法。文中试验结果分析验证了方法的有效性。     

N18合金薄壁管高温应变循环与疲劳行为研究

应用新型自研夹具对N18合金薄壁短管进行400℃下的单轴拉伸和等幅低周应变疲劳试验。试验结果表明：N18短管高温循环应力应变滞回线有良好对称性；等幅循环下短管试样在较低应变幅下表现出循环硬化特性，而在较高应变幅下表现出循环软化；在多级应变循环加载下短管试样应力幅在循环中均保持稳定，循环本构关系不受多级应变循环工况差异的影响；材料循环特性不符合Manson律。获得了用于N18合金在400℃高温下的几个寿命估算式。