非均相芬顿氧化技术处理垃圾渗滤液MBR出水试验

采用Cat-XHY作为非均相芬顿催化剂,研究其催化氧化降解垃圾渗滤液MBR出水的性能,考察了pH、过氧化氢投加量、催化剂投加量及反应时间对MBR出水中有机物的降解效果。试验结果表明：室温（25℃）下,Cat-XHY催化剂在pH=3、反应时间为2 h、双氧水投加量为废水质量的2%、催化剂投加量为废水质量的40%条件下对MBR出水COD去除率可达68.5%。同时,催化剂具有良好的重复利用性,在循环8次后COD去除率可达62.2%,催化剂质量损失率为0.038‰。     

平整废液芬顿试剂氧化试验研究

平整废液是带钢冷精轧过程中产生的一种废液,是一种较难处理的高浓度有机废水,其生化性较差,传统的生物处理难以奏效,对于此类废水,国内外尚无成熟的处理工艺。采用芬顿（Fenton）氧化工艺对某公司生产的平整液进行了试验研究,研究了初始pH值、硫酸亚铁投加量、H2O2投加量以及混凝pH值等因素对COD去除效果的影响。通过试验研究,确定了反应温度、初始pH值、FeSO4和H2O2投加量等最佳处理工艺条件。在最佳处理条件下,COD去除率可达56%,同时BOD5/COD由0.17提高到0.48,废水的可生化性得到明显改善,可以满足后续生化处理的进水要求。     

Fenton 絮凝工艺去除废水中的有机物试验

为了研究废水中有机物的去除问题,针对某企业含有机物废水进行了对比试验,采用了Fenton 絮凝联合工艺去除废水中的COD（化学需氧量）和浊度,考察了初始pH值、H2O2投加量、H2O2与Fe2+投加物质的量比、反应时间、絮凝剂投加量以及絮凝剂投加时的pH值对COD以及浊度去除效果的影响。结果表明,采用最佳工艺参数组合后,浊度去除率和COD的去除率分别为99.32%和97.27%。     

Fenton氧化-混凝工艺处理焦化废水的研究

采用Fenton试剂氧化-混凝沉淀法深度处理焦化生化处理二沉池出水,考察了H2O2投加量、Fe2+/H2O2(物质的量比)、PFS(聚合硫酸铁)投加量、pH值、反应时间对TOC和COD去除效果的影响,确定了适宜的反应条件。试验结果表明,TOC和COD去除率最高分别达到90.7%和72.7%,出水COD浓度达到GB 8978—1996《国家污水综合排放标准》一级。     

Fenton试剂预处理综合印染废水的实验研究

采用Fenton试剂预处理综合印染废水,改善其可生化性.结果表明,各影响因素的显著性大小顺序是n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)＞H2O2投加量＞反应时间＞起始pH值;当n(H2O2)/n(F2+)为5～10、H2O2投加量在1.3～2.5mmol/L、Fenton反应时间为20～30min、起始pH为3～5时,COD去除率能稳定在40%以下,而B/C能稳定在0.3以上.     

焦粉吸附深度处理焦化废水试验

 以高级氧化技术处理后的焦化废水为研究对象,用焦化厂干熄焦焦粉作为吸附剂,对焦粉吸附深度处理焦化废水高级氧化出水的方法进行了研究,考察影响吸附的因素如焦粉粒径、投加量、废水pH值、吸附时间等对焦化废水COD去除率和色度的影响。试验结果表明,当焦粉粒径为0.16 mm、1 L水中投加焦粉80 g、废水pH值为4、焦粉吸附时间为2 h,最终出水的COD去除率为37.4%,色度由进水的48倍降到23倍,工艺出水水质稳定,水质可以达到《辽宁省地方排放标准》(DB 21/1627—2008)的要求,为焦化废水的达标排放提供了一条技术可行、经济合理的新途径。     

Fenton法处理化学实验室有机废水

Fenton法具有氧化性强，操作便捷，反应迅速安全稳定等优点，对于高浓度有机废水有较好的实验效果。本文采用Fenton法对攀枝花学院化学实验室产生的有机废水进行处理，通过单因素实验，探讨了FeSO₄·7H₂O投加量、H₂O₂投加量、pH值、反应温度和反应时间等五个因素对有机废水COD去除率的影响。单因素实验结果表明：在pH值=3,H₂O₂投加量为2.0 mL/100mL,FeSO₄·7H₂O投加量为0.5 g/100mL,反应温度为50℃,反应时间为60 min, COD去除率达到最大为83%。在单因素的基础上，进行了正交实验，结果表明：四个影响因素对实验结果影响大小的顺序为：R2(pH)> R1(Fe²⁺/H₂O₂)>R4(反应时间)>R3(温度),四因素的最佳组合为：pH值=3,温度为50℃,Fe²⁺/H...     

Y2O3/WO3光催化降解污水处理厂综合废水的研究

采用复相催化剂Y2O3/WO3对阜阳市污水处理厂综合废水处理进行研究,实验结果表明,固定光催化剂配比m(WO3):m(Y2O3)=1.470:0.030、用量为0.400g,试液的pH=7.2,H2O2溶液用量为0.25mL,光照时间6h,综合废水的COD去除率达到82.7%,而相同条件下暗反应、空白实验反应综合废水COD去除率分别为18.5%、15.9%.该方法具有操作工艺简单,节省能源,所需设备少,处理彻底,氧化能力强,无二次污染等优点.     

铁氧体沉淀法处理工业含铍废水

采用碱沉淀与铁氧体沉淀相结合的工艺对含铍废水进行处理,考察了碱沉淀剂、铁氧体、沉淀反应pH、聚铝等对铍去除效果的影响。结果表明,在氢氧化钙投加量3.6kg/m3、铁氧体投加量0.05kg/m3、沉淀反应pH=8～9、聚铝投加量0.1kg/m~3的条件下,处理铍浓度为2 438μg/L的工业废水,出水铍浓度稳定低于2.7μg/L,铍去除率达到99.9%,出水满足国家污水综合排放标准要求。     

改性黏土的制备及吸附Zn2+的研究

实验室对富镁纤维状硅酸盐黏土进行酸改性和钾盐活化处理,并与聚合羟基铁离子进行聚合反应,制备了一种新型黏土复合絮凝剂.对重金属离子Zn2+的吸附性能试验结果表明:pH值对复合絮凝剂吸附Zn2+影响很大,当pH<2时,Zn2+去除率只有20%左右,当pH>6时,Zn2+去除率达到95%;初始浓度对Zn2+的去除率影响较大,去除率随着初始浓度的上升而下降;而温度、絮凝剂投加量对Zn2+去除率影响相对较小.改性后黏土矿物对Zn2+有较强的去除能力,常温下,当pH为6～8、投加量为0.3 g、500 r/min转速条件下快速搅拌5 min、100 r/min转速条件下慢速搅拌10 min、静置60 min时,Zn2+的去除率可达95%,该方法工艺简单且无二次污染.     

CaO—SiO2—Na2O—CaF2—Al2O3—MgO保护渣系的Al2O3吸收速率和粘度

采用CaO-SiO2-Na2O-CaF2-Al2O3-MgO渣系,通过测定熔渣的粘度和Al2O3吸收速率,研究连铸保护渣的Al2O3吸收速率与粘度及化学成分之间的关系。在一定条件下,当CaO/SiO2为1.2左右时,粘度达到最小值,Al2O3吸收速率达到最大值,分别为0.10?Pa*s、8.403×10-4?kg*m-2*s-1。随着渣中Na2CO3含量、CaF2含量和MgO含量的增加,粘度减小,Al2O3吸收速率增大。随着渣中Al2O3含量的增加,粘度增大,Al2O3吸收速率减小。粘度为Al2O3吸收速率的主要控制因素。随着熔渣粘度的增加,连铸保护渣的Al2O3吸收速率逐渐减小。     

Kinetics of reduction of ferric iron in Fe2O3-CaO-SiO2-Al2O3 slags under argon, CO-CO2, or H2-H2O

The rates of reduction of ferric iron in Fe₂O₃-CaO-SiO₂-Al₂O₃ slags containing 3 to 21 wt pct Fe₂O₃ under impinging argon, CO-CO₂, or H₂-H₂O have been studied at 1370 °C under conditions of enhanced mass transfer in the slag using a rotating alumina disc just in contact with the slag surface. For a 6 wt pct Fe slag at a stirring speed of 900 rpm the observed reduction rates by 50 pct H₂-H₂O were a factor of 2 to 3 times higher than those by 50 pct CO-CO₂ and more than one order of magnitude higher than those under pure argon. The observed rates were analyzed to determine the rate-controlling mechanisms for the present conditions. Analysis of the rate data suggests that the rates under 50 pct H₂-H₂O are predominantly controlled by the slag mass transfer. The derived values of the mass-transfer coefficient followed a square-root dependence on the stirring speed for a given slag and, at a given stirring speed, a linear function of the total iron content of the slags. The rates of oxygen evolution during reduction under pure argon were shown to be consistent with a rate-controlling mechanism involving a fast chemical reaction at the interface and relatively slow mass transfer in the gaseous and the slag phases. The rates of reduction by CO-CO₂ (pCO=0.02 to 0.82 atm) were found to be likely of a mixed control by the slag mass transfer and the interfacial reaction. A significant contribution of oxygen evolution to the overall rates was observed for more-oxidized slags and for experiments with relatively low values of pCO. Assuming a parallel reaction mechanism, the estimated net reduction rates due to CO were found to be of the first order in pCO, with the first-order rate constants being approximately a linear function of the ferric concentration. This article is based on a presentation made in the “Geoffrey Belton Memorial Symposium” held in January 2000, in Sydney, Australia, under the joint sponsorship of ISS and TMS. The original symposium appeared in the October 2000 Vol. 31B issue.     

Al2O3La2O3Y2O3/Cu复合材料的电弧侵蚀特性研究

采用喷射沉积和内氧化法制备出Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu复合材料,研究该材料在直流20 V/20 A的工作条件下触点的电弧侵蚀特性,并与Al₂O₃/Cu材料进行了对比分析.利用电子天平、扫描电镜等方法分析电弧侵蚀后触点的质量变化和表面微观结构.结果表明,通过添加Y₂O₃、La₂O₃稀土氧化物颗粒,可有效降低触头材料的材料转移量.Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu材料的抗熔焊性和抗烧损性优于Al₂O₃/Cu材料的性能.在直流阻性负载条件下Al₂O₃La₂O₃Y₂O₃/Cu阳极触头表面形成凹坑,阴极触头表面形成凸起,触点表面显示出浆糊状凝固物和喷发坑等电弧侵蚀形貌特征.      

CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3转光玻璃的合成及荧光性质

X射线衍射研究表明CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3体系的玻璃化温度在1025℃附近.荧光光谱和ESR谱研究表明,在CaO-La2O3-B2O3-Eu2O3玻璃体系中存在着Eu2+和Eu3+两种价态离子. 316, 360, 379, 394, 413, 462和532nm锐线激发峰和592,616和650红区发射峰分别对应Eu3+的f-f激发跃迁和5D0-7FJ (J=1,2,3)跃迁发射;351nm和427nm宽带激发峰和蓝区发射分别对应Eu2+的5d-4f激发跃迁和发射.     

Effects of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2- Coating on Electrochemical Performance of LiCoO2 Cathode

Conventional cathode material （LiCoO2） was modified by coating with a thin layer of La2O3/Li2O/TiO2 for improving its performance for lithium ion battery. The morphology and structure of the modified cathode material was characterized by SEM, XRD, and Auger electron spectroscopy. The performance of the cells with the modified cathode material was examined, including the cycling stability, the diffusion coefficient under different voltages, and the C-rate discharge. The results showed that the cell composed of the coated cathode material discharged at a large current density, and possesses a stable cycle performance in the range from 3.0 to 4.4 V. It was explained that the rate of Li ion diffusion increased in the cell while using La2O3/Li2O/TiO2-coated LiCoO2 as the cathode and the coating layer may act as a faster ion conductor （La2O3/Li2O/TiO2）.     

CaO含量对CaF2-Al2O3-CaO-Ce2O3渣系中Ce2O3行为的影响

在Fe-Cr-Al合金中添加微量的稀土元素可显著改善合金的使用性能, 文中以电渣重熔生产Fe-Cr-Al合金所用稀土渣为研究对象, 根据离子-分子共存理论(IMCT)建立了1 823 K时CaF₂-Al₂O₃-CaO-Ce₂O₃四元渣系热力学质量作用浓度模型.结果表明:当渣系中CaO和Al₂O₃的质量百分数之比维持在1:1, 即w_CaO /w_Al2O3=1时, 随着Ce₂O₃含量增加, 渣中铈铝酸盐Ce₂O₃·Al₂O₃质量作用浓度(活度)显著增加, 但炉渣物相种类没有变化.渣系中Ce₂O₃含量分别在10 %, 20 %, 30 %, 40 %时, w_CaO /w_Al2O3值对组元活度的影响各不相同但有共同特征, 表现在处于约1.0~1.8时, CaO活度增加最迅速, Ce₂O₃活度增加, Ce₂O₃·Al₂O₃活度下降, 说明渣中CaO含量增加促进了Ce₂O₃·Al₂O₃分解而导致Ce₂O₃活度增加, 选取渣系进行熔融和X射线衍射实验, 用jade 5.0软件分析物相, 实验结果与计算一致.      

Synthesis of ZrO2-HfO2-Y2O3-Sc2O3 Nano-Particles by Sol-Gel Technique in Aqueous Solution of Alcohol

Zirconium dioxide is a significant material withgood physicochemical characteristics . It is used inmanyfields such as energysources ,material and envi-ronment . Cubic phase zirconium dioxide doped withyttria (YSZ) is alreadyin wide use in solid oxygenfu-…     

Water and solute activities of the solution systems of H2So4-Cuso4-H2O and Hci-Cuci2-H2O

The activities of water, α(H₂O), in the solution system of H₂SO₄-CuSO₄-H₂O were determined by an isopiestic method and those in the solution system of HCl-CuCl₂-H₂O by a transpiration method, both at 298 K. The activities of H₂SO₄ and H⁺ in the solution system of H₂SO₄-CuSO₄-H₂O were also determined at 298 K by the emf method. The water activities in both systems obeyed the Zdanovskii rule relatively well. The α(H₂O) experimentally determined in the sulfate system showed a satisfactory agreement with those calculated from the Robinson-Bower equation, assuming the complete dissociations of H₂SO₄ and CuSO₄, whereas a good agreement between the calculated and experimentally determined α(H₂O) for the chloride system was obtained when the formation of Cu(II) chloro-complexes was taken into consideration. The mean activity coefficients, γ_±, of solutes, including H₂SO₄, HC1, and CuCl₂ in these solution systems, were calculated at 298 K by the McKay-Perring method using the activity data. The γ_±(H₂SO₄) values in the solution system of H₂SO₄-CuSO₄-H₂O were in good agreement with those determined by the emf method. On the other hand, the γ_±(CuSO₄) were calculated at the same temperature based upon the Gibbs-Duhem equation using both measured α(H₂O) and calculated γ_±(H₂SO₄) values, because of solubility limitations.     

SnCl2－HgCl2－K2Cr2O7容量法测定的矿石中TFe时HgCl2用量的选择

为了保持应用已久的有汞测铁经典方法中的许多优点而减轻HgCl2对环境的污染的缺点,对方法中HgCl2的用量由5m^[1]减少为2ml进行理论上的探讨,并以试验结果加以论证。     

CaO--TiO2--Fe2O3三元系中Ca3TiFe2O8的生成机理

钒钛磁铁矿是烧结矿重要的原料之一,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈作为钒钛烧结矿中矿物被发现之后,其生成机理尚不明确.本文采用X射线衍射分析、元素能谱分析和TG-DSC分析相结合的方法,研究了Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成机理以及不同温度、CaO与TiO₂含量下Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成规律.实验结果表明,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈由Ca₂ Fe₂O₅和CaTiO₃反应生成,即CaO和Fe₂O₃反应生成Ca₂ Fe₂O₅;其后,与CaTiO₃反应生成Ca₃TiFe₂O₈.反应时间越长,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈的生成量越大,但反应温度对Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成的影响并不明显.另外,还发现CaO含量越高,Ca₃TiFe₂O₈越易于生成,而且等摩尔Fe₂O₃和CaO下只要存在TiO₂,就会有Ca₃TiFe₂O₈生成.