一种新型电网事故处理仿真培训系统

对电力系统来说，调度员培训仿真系统(DTS)的建设十分重要，事实证明，它是培训调度员的最佳工具。文章首先概述国内外用于电网事故处理的模拟培训专家系统的研究现状，之后具体介绍作者所开发的仿真系统。该模拟培训专家系统从模拟各种类型故障的报警信息出发，训练调度员根据报警信息快速判断和处理故障的能力。该系统既可以人工设置故障案例，也可由系统自动随机产生故障案例。该系统还引入客户机／服务器模式，在图形化的基础上实现学员台／教员台的教学功能。     

网络模式的电网故障仿真培训系统

介绍了用于电网故障诊断和处理的模拟培训专家系统。该模拟培训专家系统从模拟各种类型故障的报警信息出发，训练调度员根据报警信息，快速判断和处理故障的能力。该系统既可以人工设置故障类型，也可由系统自动随机地产生故障类型。该系统引入客户机／服务务器模式，在图形化的基础上实现学员台/教员台的教学功能。     

调度员模拟培训专家系统

介绍了一个用于电网故障诊断和处理的模拟培训专家系统，该模拟培训专家系统从模拟各种类型故障的报警信息出发，训练调度员根据报警信息快速判断和处理故障能力，该系统既可以人工设置故障案例，也可由系统自动随机地产生故障案例，电网拓扑知识，保护配置知识和自动装置配置知识都采用框架知识表示法表达，并提供拓扑知识库和保护知识库管理系统；电网图形采用多页分层的方式显示，用户可在电网图形上改变电网的接线方式，设置各种     

摆杆式指针油位计缺陷导致油位异常的分析及处理

针对一台220kV变压器在运行期间频繁发出高油位报警信息的故障分析,发现了该故障造成的原因,进一步从理论角度分析并提出了相应的处理措施。     

地区电网设备异常和事故信号智能处理系统研究与设计

针对地区电网控制中心的大量二次报警信息只能靠人工经验进行处理的弊端,对现有EMS分析软件功能进行扩展,分别介绍了处理设备异常报警信息的分布式智能处理子系统和处理故障信息的故障诊断子系统、故障恢复子系统的结构、功能以及实现技术,设计并部分实现了设备异常和事故信号智能处理系统.该系统能大大缩短电网事故处理时间、避免调度操作错误,对于保障电网的安全、优质、经济和稳定运行起到了积极的作用.     

欧陆数字直流调速器故障检修三例

<正>我公司部分起重机械电力拖动系统采用欧陆590系列数字直流调速器控制直流电动机,经过几年的使用,发生了一些故障。下面介绍三例故障及检修方法,供参考。1案例一1.1故障现象一台D2LQ25型轮式起重机旋转系统采用欧陆590C调速器作控制器。操作时,电动机不转动,调速器没有输出电压且没有报警信息。1.2原因分析与检修     

变电检修仿真系统应用研究

变电设备检修仿真系统可模拟故障的现象、诊断和事故处理,是一种培训专家系统。通过模拟各种类型的故障,训练提高检修人员根据报警信息快速判断故障和处理故障的能力。     

水电机组振动监测与故障诊断系统研究

介绍了振动在线监测与故障诊断系统，该系统能及时发现机组振动异常并报警，并且能对事故发生时刻的数据信息自动捕捉和存贮。同时基于专家知识，对机组故障进行诊断分析，确定故障类型和原因。     

铁路自动配电开关分层式通信系统的实现

DKHK型铁路贯通/自闭线配电开关自动化系统是采用改进的故障定位算法来实现线路故障定位和报警,本文的研究是为了实现该系统的远距离通信问题。该通信系统采用2级通信,在每个区域中,由一个工控机组成最上层,中间层由几台PC104组成,每台PC104管理10台左右的下位机。上层工控机与PC104之间采用CAN总线协议,PC104和下位机之间采用RS485通信协议。在系统装置(FTU)数量大,分布地域广的基础上实现大量数据远距离传输的完整和准确、实时性高、按故障优先级别来传输信息。各通信设备之间独立运行,彼此之间只由通信网络联系,部分设备故障不影响其它设备的正常运行,也不会降低速度。     

静止同步补偿装置的智能化报警处理与故障诊断系统

清华大学与河南电力局合作开发了±２０Ｍｖａｒ静止同步补偿装置的智能化报警处理与故障诊断系统。该系统充分利用监测数据,采取智能技术实现了报警信息的自动处理和装置故障后的２定性一与定位,从而保证了装置本身和电力系统的安全运行,并为故障后的快速恢复奠定基础。中对其设计实现思想和实现技术做了说明。现场测试表明,它对提高装置运行性能和可靠性具有重要的作用。     

大型电力变压器故障树的构建及分析

故障树是表现一个系统各种故障间逻辑关系的有力工具，然而电力变压器的结构及故障复杂，给故障分析工作带来困难。本文提出以故障模式及影响分析(FMEA)为基础的故障树分析方法，并应用于大型电力变压器。通过FMEA的支持，不仅有助于构建复杂系统的故障树，还可为树的定量分析提供必要的底事件概率数据，为复杂系统的可靠性分析提供一种有效的方法。     

Industrial power system analysis with database access

This paper presents a useful software tool to analyze an industrial power system. The program has two main functions. One is to let the personnel of the industrial plant graphically set up and access the electrical database, such as filtering or searching information. The database can be included in the company documentation. Based on the database, the other is to graphically perform a load-flow analysis and short-circuit current calculation on a PC. Considering the structure and connection of transformers, a system analysis is performed with appropriate phase shifts. In addition, the unbalanced fault current calculation is generalized with all types of faults happening in a power system such as single-phase fault or multiphase fault, with or without faulted impedance, and bus faults or cable faults. Using the results of load-flow analysis as the prefault condition instead of preset voltage, one can obtain more accurate and practical results. Therefore, this program is very useful for industrial companies to analyze their electrical power system and train their electrical personnel     

电力电容器在线监测技术研究

传统的电力电容器检测通常为断电，离线进行，影响了生产。已有的电力电容器在线诊断技术集中于对电容量、介质损耗角的测量，检测结果滞后于故障的发生，且检测结果并不理想。主要针对电力系统中高压电力电容器的常见故障，对其故障中发生放电现象的机理进行了分析，得到电力电容器种种故障，通常伴随有放电现象的结论，指出放电现象为其故障初征兆。分析了对高压电力电容器进行在线监测其放电现象可行性，找到监测其放电信号的处理方法。完整设计了一种在线监测电力电容器放电新技术的理论。     

电力系统故障模拟与分析系统研究

电力系统故障模拟与分析系统是一套集故障模拟、录波、分析等功能于一体的微机应用软件包。利用该系统可在实验线路上设置数十种类型的简单故障或复故障,高速采集故障数据,并对故障数据进行波形分析与频谱分析。本文重点介绍了该系统的硬件和软件构成及实现方法。     

An Approach for Detecting and Locating Evolving Faults on Transmission Lines Based on Transient Traveling Waves

There has not been a satisfactory solution to identifying and locating evolving faults on transmission lines until now. This paper presents an integrated detection and location approach for evolving faults based on transient traveling waves. Evolving faults include two sequential faults, resulting in the change of fault phase. The feature aerial mode of captured current traveling wave only reflects the feature of the second fault occurrence, and is used for analyzing the second fault. By combining traveling wave and transient energy features, fault phase selection can be implemented at two stages: the initial fault occurrence, and the short period before fault clearance. The evolving faults can be determined according to the consistency of the two-stage phase-selection results. Subsequently, the positions of the two successive faults can be precisely acquired by individually implementing the double-ended traveling wave fault location on the initial fault phase as well as the feature aerial mode currents, respectively. Digital simulation studies based on the simulation software PSCAD/EMTDC demonstrate that the proposed method is feasible and effective.     

基于极波模量时差的高压直流输电线路自适应单端保护

针对目前高压直流输电线路单端保护在远端高阻接地故障时灵敏性下降可能造成保护拒动的问题,提出了一种基于极波模量时差的自适应单端保护方案。通过分析高压直流系统的边界作用和极波中耦合的线模和地模的传播特性,得到在区内故障和区外故障时不同的极波波形特征。文中分析了传统单端保护在远端高阻接地故障时灵敏性下降的原因,利用故障极波线模和地模时差内的极波波形斜率和幅值变化量,构造了自适应分段保护判据。基于PSCAD/EMTDC软件的仿真结果表明,所提保护方案能够有效地检测区内外故障,特别是在远端高阻接地故障时仍然保持足够的灵敏性。     

Active fault‐tolerant control for near space vehicles based on reference model adaptive sliding mode scheme

In this paper, an adaptive sliding mode (ASM) scheme is proposed for fault identification and fault‐tolerant control of near space vehicles (NSVs). First, the attitude dynamic model is introduced, and a baseline controller based on reference sliding mode scheme is designed in the case of no faults. Then fault parameterizations with actuator dynamics is presented for several classes of faults: lock‐in‐place, float, hard‐over, and loss of effectiveness. On the basis of adaptive observer design, fault parameters can be accurately estimated on‐line. Furthermore, an ASM fault‐tolerant controller is designed for both cases of actuator dynamic faults and control effector damage. Finally, simulation experiments show that the proposed ASM scheme is able to quickly and accurately identify faults and reconfigure the controller, resulting in excellent overall system performance. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于Hilbert和CA-VMD的风电机组叶轮不平衡故障电信号特征提取方法

针对风电机组叶轮系统故障的非线性、非稳定性和耦合性使早期微弱故障特征频率处于强背景噪声下难以提取的问题,并考虑到传统故障信号采集方法存在的局限性,从电信号入手,提出了一种基于希尔伯特变换和变分模态分解相关性分析(CA-VMD)的风电机组叶轮系统不平衡故障的电信号特征提取方法。首先,针对传统频域分析方法直接对故障电信号进行分析而无法提取故障特征频率的问题,引入Hilbert变换解调出故障调制信号;然后,针对强背景噪声下早期微弱故障特征难提取的问题,引入变分模态分解将故障调制信号分解,并通过相关性分析剔除噪声分量;最后,重构故障调制信号并提取故障特征频率,提高了原始故障信号的信噪比。通过仿真分析,证明了所提方法的有效性。     

单相脉宽调制整流器传感器故障诊断与容错控制

单相脉宽调制(PWM)整流器通常采用网侧电流与直流侧电压双闭环控制系统结构,一旦其检测系统中的传感器发生故障,将导致反馈值出现偏差,影响系统的控制效果与运行安全。设计一种准确可靠的单相PWM整流器网侧电流与直流侧电压传感器故障诊断与容错控制方案。采用解析冗余的方法实现故障诊断,基于单、双极性两种调制方法的开关函数取值设计了系统滑模观测器与状态估计器;将传感器采集值与观测器估计值作差并归一化建立系统残差,故障诊断单元通过比较残差与阈值定位故障传感器并迅速采取容错控制策略,以观测器的估计值代替故障传感器的测量值实现控制系统重构。通过仿真与实验模拟了三种传感器故障,验证了所提出故障诊断与容错控制方案的有效性与可靠性。     

Multifault calculation method for dynamic stability study of electric power systems

For the fault condition in dynamic stability study, balanced faults have mainly been utilized. Recently, however, with the progress of system protective control technologies such as the multiphase reclosing system for a faulted transmission line, the needs for stability software which would be able to calculate simultaneous faults without any restrictions on fault types, total numbers or location, have been increasing. This report presents the newly developed multifault calculation method based on symmetrical components which is able to calculate simultaneous faults without any restrictions on combination of fault types, and total numbers or location. Fault types consist of balanced/ unbalanced ground fault, short-circuit fault, line-out of transmission lines, and short-circuit of series condenser. The proposed method also allows for calculation of faults at an arbitrary location on the line without any topological changes of each symmetrical network even if the faults include line-end faults with ensuring outages. An example was shown to clarify the validity of the proposed method. Moreover, transient stability limits under the various fault conditions also were discussed.