L波段电离层闪烁与TEC监测系统研制

介绍了我们研制的一种L波段电离层闪烁和TEC监测仪,并给出初步观测结果.文中提出了基于载噪比计算S4的方法和一种新的用TEC的标准差定义的闪烁活动指数.与GSV4004型GPS电离层冈烁和TEC监测仪在同一地点的对比观测表明,本文研制的监测仪测量得到的数据可靠,能够有效地监测电离层振幅/相位闪烁和TEC扰动现象.     

GPS电离层闪烁实时监测系统的设计与实现

给出了一种用于电离层闪烁测量和显示的GPS电离层闪烁实时监测系统,它既能实时监测分析GPS信号的幅度闪烁和相位闪烁指数,也能自动存储闪烁发生时间段内的原始幅度和相位数据,用于对闪烁事件的详细分析.此外,对电离层闪烁的测量原理和闪烁指数的计算也作了详细讨论,这对利用我国北斗卫星信号测量电离层闪烁也具有指导意义.     

电离层闪烁对北斗增强系统影响的建模研究

电离层闪烁严重影响了北斗及其增强系统的性能.为了评估电离层闪烁影响下北斗系统的可用性,需建立闪烁影响下的北斗及其增强系统性能模型,并进行仿真分析.文章系统地建立了电离层闪烁影响下的卫星导航接收机模型、用户定位算法和系统性能模型,利用电离层闪烁模型给出电离层闪烁分布,利用建立的北斗系统性能影响模型,实现对电离层闪烁影响下北斗增强系统性能的可用性分析.利用上述方法,仿真分析了中国中低纬地区强电离层闪烁影响下北斗增强系统的可用性.结果表明:电离层闪烁将引起用户接收机测量误差的增大,对于中国低纬地区而言,强电离层闪烁影响下,存在系统可用性低于95％的性能严重影响区域,北斗系统性能受影响区域与电离层强闪烁的发生 区域具有密切关系.     

极区电离层闪烁特征初步分析

介绍了中国在极区的电离层闪烁观测研究工作,通过对Sodankyl(a)和Tromsφ两个观测站2004年3月至2008年9月期间的电离层闪烁观测数据的统计分析,给出了太阳活动低年该地区电离层闪烁的变化特征:随着太阳活动程度的降低,闪烁事件明显减少;由于极区与低纬地区电离层闪烁产生机制不同,极区闪烁形态主要表现为相位闪烁,幅度闪烁很少;极区闪烁不只是发生在地方时的晚上,白天也会有闪烁出现;并且,极区闪烁对季节没有明显的依赖关系,可发生在任何季节;但是,极区闪烁事件对地磁活动存在明显的响应.     

昆明站电离层闪烁形态与海口站的对比分析

对昆明站和海口站2004年1～12月的GPS电离层闪烁形态进行了对比分析.结果表明,昆明站的闪烁频率和强度均弱于海口站,其闪烁发生的时间比海口站晚大约一小时,昆明站将近90%的闪烁事件发生在观测站以南,仅个别事件发生在北向,而海口站闪烁事件发生在南向的不到70%.这充分体现了昆明站的地域特性及赤道异常区电离层不规则结构发展特性.     

电离层闪烁对卫星导航系统的影响与监测方法分析

针对电离层闪烁对卫星定位精度和完好性的影响问题,文章建立电离层闪烁模型,并仿真分析了电离层闪烁对导航接收机在信号接收、定位解算精度的影响,提出了监测方法,对导航减轻电离层闪烁影响具有一定参考作用。     

Analysis of ionospheric electron density distribution from GPS/METoccultations

The authors present results from analysis of GPS/MET occultation data obtained from the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research database. They have used high-rate occultation data to study the performance of an earlier 4D ionospheric electron content model-obtained tomographically with the use of the GPS constellation-with satisfactory results. In addition, they have processed UCAR level-one medium-rate occultation data by using the GIPSY package to obtain aligned phases. Under the assumption of local spherical symmetry, this phase information has been processed to yield ray-path bending angles through Doppler-shift analysis, which have then been used to yield profiles of electronic density via the Abel transform. These profiles give important information for preparing future tomographic work, although the limitations imposed by the working assumptions in this approach cannot be ignored     

GPS tomography of the ionospheric electron content with acorrelation functional

The authors develop a minimization functional in order to regularize the inverse problem associated with three-dimensional (3D) ionospheric stochastic tomography. This functional is designed to yield, upon minimization, a solution which maximizes the frequency content of the solution below a certain cutoff, while keeping χ² constant. The authors show how this functional can be rewritten in terms of the correlation function of the image, thereby facilitating the algorithmic implementation of the method. They then implement this functional in a Kalman filter and obtain a smoothing algorithm that acts in both space and time. Finally, they use this technique to perform global scale Global Positioning System (GPS) tomography of the ionospheric electron content     

多站多路径GPS信号研究低纬电离层不均匀体

发展了GPS信号的多站多路径监测方法,对我国低纬地区电离层不均匀体特性进行了研究.多站观测统计分析表明,尽管太阳活动已下降到中等程度,但电离层闪烁现象在位于赤道异常区的海口、广州等低纬地区仍经常发生,尤其在二分季前后闪烁发生率明显增大,且闪烁强度较大;通过GPS信号的多站多路径监测还发现,电离层不均匀体在东经105°～120°间,北纬27°以南区域出现频繁,而且在北纬23°以北区域的不均匀体易衰减并首先消失,在北纬20°～23°间区域内则会持续较长时间;进一步分析其闪烁功率谱,计算出了不均匀体的东向平均漂移速度.     

冷链运输监测系统中的GPS与GPRS技术

为了实现对冷链运输过程的实时监测,提出了一种基于GPS和GPRS的远程监测系统.硬件采用Cortex-M3内核处理器STM32F103,设计了温湿度采集、射频传输、GPS、GPRS、存储卡等模块;软件是在μVision4及EW430编译环境下使用C编写,实现了系统初始化、无线自组网、GPS数据接收、GPRS数据收发、温湿度采集以及控制功能.实际应用表明,该系统安装简便、性能稳定,达到了设计要求.     

Performance of M-PSK in mobile satellite communication over combined ionospheric scintillation and flat fading channels with MRC diversity

Combined scintillation and terrestrial fadings occur in mobile satellite communication channels as the signal passes through the ionosphere and the lower atmosphere. This results in a product fading channel, which negatively affects the performance of the system. The challenge is to evaluate the performance of the system, in terms of the average bit error probability (BEP). In this paper, through the use of the moment generating function, we derive expressions for the average BEP and an upper bound for M-ary phase-shift keying (M-PSK) modulation with maximal-ratio combining (MRC) diversity over the product RicianxRician channel. The results are expressed as double summations in terms of the generalized hypergeometric function, which can be computed using standard commercial software. For a large Rician factor, the expression is simplified to a single summation. Numerical results are obtained from the derived expressions and compared with simulation results. They show very good agreement for various Rician factors and the number of diversity branches. The upper bound is also evaluated and shown to be reasonably tight.     

Real-time monitoring of the ionospheric state with the use of a 3D assimilation model

The 3D assimilation ionospheric model is improved to assimilate in real time the ionospheric total electron content (TEC) measurement data from the International GNSS Service (IGS) network of ground-based stations of the global positioning system (GPS). This model makes it possible to calculate the space-time electron-concentration distributions of electrons, concentration of the seven main ions, and the temperature and velocity of electrons and ions in the ionosphere at altitudes of 100–1000 km. The model calculations of the ionospheric TEC are compared to the TEC measured on slant paths with the use of two-frequency receivers of the ground-based IGS network of stations not included into the assimilation scheme. The model calculations of ionospheric electron-concentration height profiles are compared to the data measured by an incoherent-scatter radar. It is shown that the ionospheric parameters calculated without using experimental data are in worse agreement with the radar measurement data than the results obtained with the assimilation model of the ionosphere. The model-calculated electron concentrations are compared to the data from the FORMOSAT-3/COSMIC system of medium-Earth-orbit satellites.     

基于VC++的GPS软件接收机设计

由于GPS软件接收机具有需要硬件资源极少、可移植性强、开发新算法成本低等诸多优点,成为了新一代GPS接收机研制的热点.完成了基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)算法的卫星信号的捕获算法、基于混合载波跟踪环的载波跟踪和码跟踪算法、卫星星历数据的提取及卫星状态解算算法和伪距测量算法等算法的仿真验证,介绍了基于VC++的GPS软件接收机的设计方法和过程.该软件接收机可以输出各个通道跟踪到卫星信号的载波频率、伪码频率及伪距,卫星星历及卫星状态,接收机的位置、速度信息以及各种DOP值等诸多信息.最后,给出了所开发的GPS软件接收机在实际GPS数字中频信号下的定位结果.结果表明,该软件接收机的定位误差在20 m以内.该GPS软件接收机系统采用纯软件的方法实现了硬件GPS接收机数字中频信号后的所有功能,算法修改灵活,可为进一步研究GPS接收机的各种算法提供一种方便快捷的仿真平台.     

The combined use of satellite differential Doppler and ground-based measurements for ionospheric studies

The use of satellite differential Doppler measurements to study latitudinal variations ofF-region electron density is described. It is shown that the ambiguity in the total phase path length may be resolved employing either incoherent scatter radar measurements or vertical-incidence ionosonde data, together with some assumptions concerning east-west gradients at the latitude of the observing station. Sample results are given showing the location of the midlatitude trough of electron density observed at Millstone Hill through observations of the U.S. Navy Navigation Series satellites.     

Development of a piezopolymer pressure sensor for a portable fetalheart rate monitor

A piezopolymer pressure sensor has been developed for service in a portable fetal heart rate monitor, which will permit an expectant mother to perform the fetal nonstress test, a standard predelivery test, in her home. Several sensors are mounted in an array on a belt worn by the mother. The sensor design conforms to the distinctive features of the fetal heart tone, namely, the acoustic signature, frequency spectrum, signal amplitude, and localization. The components of a sensor serve to fulfill five functions: signal detection, acceleration cancellation, acoustical isolation, electrical shielding, and electrical isolation of the mother. A theoretical analysis of the sensor response yields a numerical value for the sensor sensitivity, which is compared to experiment in an in vitro sensor calibration. Finally, an in vivo test on patients within the last six weeks of term reveals that nonstress test recordings from the acoustic monitor compare well with those obtained from conventional ultrasound     

GPS制导武器的应用与发展

阐述了GPS制导武器在现代战争中的应用与发展,较为详细地论述了GPS精确制武器在现代战争中的主导地位以及未来发展前景。     

The development of a series of ionospheric satellites

The Alouette-ISIS series of satellites is described, with attention being paid to the engineering and management constraints that were present during the conceptual stages, and it is shown how each succeeding mission meets more fully the objectives of the program. The lessons learnt during the development of this series are finally applied to the conceptual design of ISIS-C, the last satellite in the program.     

On the use of GPS receivers in railway environments

This paper presents the electromagnetic interference effects on the performance of locomotive onboard Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers due to the railway environment. The evaluation of the maximum tolerated interferences around a train is presented by taking into account European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization and the International Electrotechnical Commission normative, Mobile Radio for Railway Networks in Europe, and experimental results. These interference levels are used to study the performance of a hardware GPS receiver operating at different modes and considering the possible levels of GPS signal L1 at the earth surface. From the obtained results, it is possible to conclude the reliability of a low-cost GPS receiver for train positioning even if the train equipment has been designed at the threshold of the current normative.     

The use of GPS for vehicle stability control systems

This paper presents a method for using global positioning system (GPS) velocity measurements to improve vehicle lateral stability control systems. GPS can be used to calculate the sideslip angle of a vehicle without knowing the vehicle model. This measurement is combined with other traditional measurements to control the lateral motion of the vehicle. Noise estimates are provided for all measurement systems to allow the sensors to be accurately represented. Additionally, a method to calculate the lateral forces at the tires is presented. It is shown that the tire estimation algorithm performs well outside the linear region of the tire. Results for the controller and force calculations are shown using a nonlinear model to simulate the vehicle and the force calculations are validated with experimental measurements on a test vehicle.     

A universal chart for use in relating ionospheric absorption to phase path and group path

The absorption of a radio wave in the ionosphere can be approximated byA = frac{omega}{c}frac{1}{2}intfrac{Z(mu' - mu)}{1 + g} cos alpha ds, where the integral is along the ray that exists when the normalized collision frequencyZ = 0, mu'andmuare the group and phase refractive indices, respectively, andalphathe angle between the wave normal and ray direction. Graphs are presented from whichgcan be obtained for any values of the ionospheric plasma parametersXandY.