新型松香基功能表面活性剂的合成及性能

以歧化松香为原料,重结晶提纯得到脱氢枞酸,经酰氯化、酯化、磷酸化、成盐等反应合成四种可分解型的松香基酯表面活性剂（I、II、SAA-III 、SAA-IV）。用红外光谱（FT-IR）和核磁共振（NMR）对四种可分解型松香基酯进行结构表征,并对化合物的临界胶束浓度（CMC）、表面张力（γ）、泡沫性能（FP）和乳化性能（EP）等性能进行研究。四种松香基表面活性剂均具有良好的表面性能：I、II、SAA-III 、SAA-IV的CMC值分别是4.69×10-3 mol/L 、5.15×10-3 mol/L 、2.65×10-3 mol/L和1.71×10-3 mol/L ,对应的γcmc值分别为48.2 mN/m、41.4 mN/m、34.6 mN/m和33.2 mN/m,松香磷酯类化合物的表面性能优于松香酯类化合物;乳化体系（石蜡/水）中分出 10 mL 水的时间分别为11 s、128 s、90和98 s;初始起泡高度分别为16 mm、18.5 mm、18 mm和23 mm,5 min后泡沫高度变化依次为6 mm、4 mm、4 mm和11.5 mm;松香酯化合物II具有优异的乳化性能,而松香磷酯化合物SAA-IV具有优异的起泡性能,但稳泡性弱。松香基酯类表面活性剂I、II的亲水性较弱,浊点温度约在90 °C,而松香磷酯表面活性剂SAA-III、SAA-IV的Krafft点温度约在40°C,且浊点和Krafft点均随碳链的增加而增大。以表面活性剂SAA-III为例,研究了其分解性能,表明其在pH为3和11时,温度140 °C和180 °C时均具有分解性能,表明其是一种可作为提供磷酸根的有机磷源。     

甘氨酸酯衍生物低聚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂的研究

以氯乙酸乙二醇双酯、氯乙酸三羟甲基丙烷三酯、氯乙酸季戊四醇四酯和长链叔胺为原料 ,异丙醇为溶剂 ,合成了 3种甘氨酸酯衍生物低聚季铵盐阳离子表面活性剂 (SAA1、SAA2、SAA3) ,用IR谱、1HNMR谱表征了其结构 ,研究了其水溶液性质。结果表明 ,SAA1、SAA2、SAA3的CMC分别为 9 1× 10 -4 、6 4× 10 -4 和 1 2× 10 -4 mol/L ,低于相应的单季铵盐[H2 5C12 N(CH3 ) 2 CH2 COOC2 H5]+ Cl-(SAA0 )的CMC(8 9mmol/L) ,瞬时泡高分别为 16 2、16 7和 16 3mm ,高于SAA0的瞬时泡高 (15 7mm)。     

马来松香聚甘油酯的合成及性能研究

马来松香与聚甘油反应,合成了一种非离子表面活性剂马来松香聚甘油酯(PGMRE)。对产品结构进行了红外光谱分析,测定了产品的表面物理化学性能,合成产品临界表面张力为39 9mN/m～46 0mN/m,临界胶束浓度在9 4×10-4mol/L～2 3×10-3mol/L数量级,钙皂分散指数是9 0%～26 7%,与松节油之间的界面张力为8 0mN/m～13 9mN/m,对松节油乳化力为38s～100s,泡沫性能是11mm～65mm,润湿力为70s～102s。系统研究了甘油聚合度对产品表面物理化学性能的影响。并与聚甘油硬脂酸酯(PGSE)和聚甘油异硬脂酸酯(PGISE)的表面物理化学性能进行了比较。结果表明PGMRE是一种性能优良的非离子表面活性剂,可作为乳化剂、破乳剂和缓蚀剂等使用。     

改性松香基非离子表面活性剂的合成及性能

以松香和聚甘油为原料,合成了一种松香基非离子表面活性剂,得到不同甘油聚合度的产物。得到的松香基非离子表面活性剂的表面物化性能为:表面张力44 2～49 6mN/m;临界胶束浓度8 0×10-4～25 6×10-4mol/L;钙皂分散指数13 5%～21 5%;界面张力11 7～18 9mN/m;乳化力44～85s;泡沫性能6～46mm;润湿力87～121s。并对甘油聚合度和产物表面性能的关系进行了考察。     

脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺硫酸酯盐的物化性能

用滴体积法测定了纯化脂肪酸单乙醇酰胺硫酸酯盐(MSN)系列产品水溶液的表面张力,发现当MSN疏水基碳数(n)由10增至16时,其表面过剩浓度(Γm)由2.37×10-6mol/m2增至2.88×10-6mol/m2,临界表面张力(γCMC)由28.79 mN/m降至23.86 mN/m,降低表面张力20 mN/m所需浓度的负对数(pC20)由3.53升为5.54,临界胶束浓度(CMC)由1.40×10-3mol/L降为0.52×10-3mol/L。在所测定的温度(25℃)下,logCMC=-2.13-0.07n;在胶束化过程中,TΔS0m ic对ΔG0m ic的贡献比ΔH0m ic大,MSN胶束化的主要驱动力是熵变。     

烷基硼酸二乙醇胺酯表面活性剂的合成及表面活性的研究

以二乙醇胺同硼酸为原料合成硼酸二乙醇胺酯,然后与十二酸甲酯及溴代十二烷合成了十二酰胺硼酸二乙醇胺酯(RNOB)和N-十二烷基硼酸二乙醇胺酯(RNB),并利用红外、元素分析和核磁对其结构进行了表征,采用了表面张力法确定了RNOB和RNB的临界胶束浓度(cmc),考察了盐度、pH对cmc的影响。结果表明:RNOB与RNB的cmc和γcmc分别为4×10-4mol/L和1 2×10-4mol/L;33 3mN/m和31 5mN/m。pH=10时,RNOB-0 1mol/LNaCl和RNB-0 1mol/LNaCl溶液的cmc比不含NaCl的小。RNOB-0 1mol/LNaCl和RNB-0 1mol/LNaCl的cmc随着PH值的下降而增加,对RNOB-0 1mol/LNaCl溶液,在pH=4时由于水解使γcmc下降。     

非甾体抗炎药布洛芬的含量测定

用氧化剂存在时布洛芬产生的极谱催化波提高分析灵敏度,用线性单极扫描谱法实现快速测定。在0.08mol/L HAc-NaAc(pH=4.2)支持电解质中,布洛芬于-1.06 V处产生一极谱波,当氧化剂K2S2O8存在时,K2S2O8氧化布洛芬羰基还原中间体自由基,使布洛芬再生,产生布洛芬的极谱催化波。其催化波的二次导数峰电流ip″与浓度在4.0×10-8~5.0×10-7mol/L范围内呈线性关系(r=0.9980,n=8),检测限为2.0×10-8mol/L。该方法可用于药物制剂中布洛芬含量的测定。     

松香聚乙二醇柠檬酸酯表面活性剂的合成及性能研究

以松香为主要原料 ,与聚乙二醇、柠檬酸反应 ,合成一种新型表面活性剂。探讨了该表面活性剂的表面张力 (νc Mc) ,临界胶束浓度 ( Cc Mc) ,泡沫性 ,乳化性 ,润湿性等。结果为 :νc Mc35 .2× 1 0 -3 N/m;Cc Mc0 .5 62 3mol/L,HLB值 1 1 .6,泡沫力 (高度 1 73mm) ,乳化力 ( v H2 O5 5 .8m L) ,润湿性 1 0 5 s,结果表明是一种性能优良的非离子表面活性剂     

双磷酸酯表面活性剂的合成与性能

以三氯氧磷、二元醇(酚)、正十二醇为原料,合成了4种双十二烷基双磷酸酯(HDP,DGDP,BDP,PDP)。产物经无水乙醇重结晶提纯后,通过IR、1HNMR、质谱和电位滴定进行了结构表征。25℃时,它们的电离常数分别为:2.76×10-5mol/L(HDP),3.940×10-4mol/L(DGDP),1.595×10-4mol/L(BDP),4.255×10-3mol/L(PDP)。20℃时,它们的临界胶束浓度分别为:3.5×10-4mol/L(HDP),9.0×10-4mol/L(DGDP),1.1×10-3mol/L(BDP),1.3×10-3mol/L(PDP);在临界胶束浓度处的表面张力分别为:30.38 mN/m(HDP),34.49 mN/m(DGDP),35.31 mN/m(BDP),36.14 mN/m(PDP)。差热分析表明,4种产物的分解温度分别为:231℃(BDP),251℃(HDP),227℃(PDP),249℃(DGDP);初熔温度分别为:87℃(BDP),80℃(HDP),97℃(PDP),72℃(DGDP)。     

脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠盐的纯化

二步溶剂结晶法纯化了脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠盐表面活性剂。将每10 gα-磺酸脂肪酸甲酯工业品用NaOH的无水乙醇溶液中和至pH=7.0,再加入无水乙醇定容至80 mL,60℃过滤,得到的滤液加无水乙醇定容至80 mL,在10℃结晶2 h,所得晶体中α-磺酸脂肪酸甲酯钠盐、α-磺酸脂肪酸二钠盐和脂肪酸钠皂的质量分数分别由74.38%、16.30%和8.83%改善为94.74%、1.12%和4.01%。同时,黑色的脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠盐工业品纯化为浅黄色的晶体,收率为48.03%。纯化前后脂肪酸甲酯磺酸钠盐在30℃时的临界胶束浓度由6.47×10-3mol/L降低到6.68×10-4mol/L,c20由2.14×10-4mol/L降低到9.48×10-5mol/L。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。