溶液聚合法合成低分子反式-1,4-聚异戊二烯蜡

以加氢汽油为溶剂，采用负载型TiCl4／MgCly-Al(i-Bu)，体系催化异戊二烯聚合，高压氢气调节相对分子质量，溶液聚合法合成出了低相对分子质量反式-1，4-聚异戊二烯蜡(LMTPIW)，并分别探讨了氢气压力和聚合温度对LMTPIW的相对分子质量、聚合物组成以催化效率的影响。结果表明：氢气压力由0．8MPa增加至4．0MPa，LMTPIW的特性粘数由0．391dL／g下降至0．1951dL／g，相应数均相对分子质量从1500降至1000以下，常温下汽油可溶物的质量分数由49．3％逐渐上升至77．6％，相对分子质量分布变窄。随聚合温度的升高，LMTPIW的相对分子质量有所增大，分布加宽。氢气压力及聚合温度的上升均使体系催化效率下降，但仍可保持在2500g／gTi以上。     

聚合条件对合成聚1-丁烯热塑性弹性体的影响

以1-丁烯(B t)为原料,负载钛(简称Ti)-三异丁基铝(简称Al)为催化体系,用本体聚合法合成了聚1-丁烯(PBt)热塑性弹性体(TPE)。考察了聚合条件对PBt TPE的影响,并用差示扫描量热法对聚合物进行了分析。结果表明,随着氢气压力的升高,单体转化率、催化效率呈下降趋势;随着Al/Ti(摩尔比)的增加,转化率和催化效率先升高后降低;随着Ti/Bt(摩尔比)的增加,转化率和催化效率逐渐升高;随着聚合温度的升高,转化率和催化效率先升高后降低;在氢气压力为0.2 MPa、Al/Ti为300、Ti/Bt为2×10-5、反应温度为30℃的聚合条件下,合成出转化率为80.0%的PBt TPE。随着氢气压力的升高,聚合物的特性黏数([η])和全同立构质量分数都呈下降趋势,氢气压力能较好地调节聚合物的相对分子质量;随着Al/Ti的增加,[η]逐渐下降,全同立构质量分数变化不明显;随着Ti/Bt的增加,[η]先升高后降低,最后趋于平稳,而全同立构质量分数略有降低后趋于平稳;随着聚合温度的升高,[η]和全同立构质量分数都呈下降趋势。反应温度为40℃时,PBt TPE的结晶度最高,为20.3%。     

低相对分子质量反式聚丁二烯的合成及表征

采用负载钛催化体系溶液淤浆聚合法,以氢气为相对分子质量调节剂,合成了低相对分子质量的反式—1,4—聚丁二烯(LMTPB),通过IR,DSC表征了其结构及结晶状态。结果表明,随着氢气压力升高,LMTPB的相对分子质量降低;当氢气分压超过3MPa时,聚合物的特性黏数降至0.5dL／g,相对分子质量在2000以下。随氢气压力提高,反式—1,4—结构摩尔分数下降,但仍保持在86％以上,结晶度和熔点降低,溶解性提高。LMTPB是由相对分子质量大小和微观结构不同,结晶类型、结晶度和熔点不同的级分组成的混合物。     

负载钛催化体系催化合成低相对分子质量聚丁烯-1

以氢气为相对分子质量调节剂,采用自制的TiCl4/MgCl2-Al（i-Bu）3负载钛催化体系,合成了聚丁烯-1热塑性弹性体（PBt-TPE）。在3L釜中考察了Al/Ti、Ti/Bt、氢气压力及聚合温度对单体转化率、相对分子质量、乙醚中不溶物含量及结晶度的影响。结果表明：氢气压力能够有效调节聚合物的相对分子质量,随聚合温度的升高,聚合物转化率和相对分子质量先升高后降低;乙醚中不溶物含量呈降低趋势。     

高性能宽相对分子质量分布／多峰聚乙烯的研制

以SiO2为载体、TiCl4为主催化剂、无机镍化合物及有机N杂环化合物为添加剂制备了Ziegler—Natta催化剂,在单反应釜中催化乙烯或乙烯／1-己烯聚合合成了宽相对分子质量分布聚乙烯及乙烯／1-己烯的共聚物。考察了不同的镍化舍物、N杂环化舍物、聚合温度、单体压力及1-己烯的用量对聚合行为的影响。当m（SiO2）：m（NiCl2）=10：1,添加少量2-氯吡啶,AL／Ti=100（物质的量比,在80℃己烷溶剂中,H2压力为0．28MPa,催化剂具有高的催化效率,达3．5kgPE／gcat。聚合物的MWD为15．8。当1-己烯加入量为15mL时,催化剂催化效率为3．7kgPE／gcat,聚合物的MWD为16．9。     

3-羟基丙醛加氢制1,3-丙二醇反应条件的考察

以丙烯醛水合产物3-羟基丙醛（HPA）水溶液为原料,在Ni／SiO2／Al2O3催化剂作用下与高压氢气反应生成1,3-丙二醇（1,3-PDO）。实验结果表明：1,3-PDO收率随温度的升高而提高,但反应温度不宜超过70℃;随氢气压力的升高而提高,在4．0～7．0MPa范围内呈线性升高关系;随空速的增加而降低,在2．25～6．75h^-1范围内呈线性下降关系。正交实验得到较佳反应条件为：反应温度为50℃、压力为7．0MPa、空速为2．25h^-1,其中空速为最主要影响因素。     

球形MgCl2载体催化剂催化乙烯聚合

考察了球形MgCl2载体催化剂在乙烯聚合过程中的催化性能和动力学行为,分析了聚合过程的传热、传质和温度、聚合压力对催化剂行为的影响。聚合温度在30～80℃和乙烯压力在0．12～0．72MPa时,随着温度和压力的提高,聚合活性增加,聚合物堆密度由0．27g/cm^3降低至0．22g/cm^3。     

反式丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚物相对分子质量及其分布的调节

采用负载钛催化剂经溶液聚合法合成了反式-1,4-丁二烯-异戊二烯共聚橡胶(TBIR),研究了聚合条件、氢气调节及塑炼对TBIR相对分子质量及其分布的影响.特性黏数和门尼黏度的测试结果表明,聚合条件对TBIR的相对分子质量略有影响;氢气分压对TBIR相对分子质量的影响较明显,其在0.01～0.06 MPa内变化可使TBI...     

制造高品质的PTT

这种可用做生产纤维原料的PTT的制法为：采用不少于1个反应器，以熔融态进行连续聚合，再将制得的熔融聚合物通过用加热到230～285℃的管子，以0．3～100m／min的速度进行传输，管子可在聚合时或聚合后期加热。例如：用上述方法将DMT与1，3-丙二醇进行连续聚合可达30天来制取聚合物，设备未被堵塞，其特性黏度为1．0dL／g，杂质颗粒数为20个／g，色值L和b分别为85和4。     

氢气在煤液化油中溶解度的测定

建立了一套测定高温高压下气体溶解度的实验装置,经检验准确可靠．利用此装置和平衡液相取样法,在25rC～350℃,2MPa～10MPa的温度和氢气压力范围内,测定了氢气在煤液化低温分离器油中的溶解度．结果发现,在实验测定范围内,氢气在低温分离器油中的溶解度分别随温度和氢气压力的升高而几乎都呈线性增大,温度350℃,氢气压力9．515MPa时达到最大值0．3381mol／kg;氢气溶解度和其压力关系并不严格遵守亨利定律．     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。