影响麦汁煮沸强度的主要因素

<正>煮沸强度是麦汁煮沸过程的重要技术参数,其含义为麦汁煮沸时,每小时蒸发出的水分相当于混合麦汁的百分数。麦汁煮沸强度直接影响麦汁组分、浓度、色度及可凝固氮的含量。合理控制煮沸强度对啤酒的非生物稳定性及口感具有重要意义。本文将结合煮沸强度公式煮沸强度=[混合麦汁量(L)-最终麦汁量(L)]/[混合麦汁量(L)×煮沸时间(h)]×100%,以及生产实际对影响煮沸强度的各种因素进行     

低煮沸强度的麦汁轻柔煮沸工艺

以往认为煮沸强度要达到一定范围才能使麦汁煮沸满足要求,实践显示,只要运用合适的处理方法,低煮沸强度的麦汁同样可以满足要求.根据麦汁煮沸设备的特点,通过优化麦汁煮沸工艺,降低煮沸强度,可达到节能和提高质量的目的.     

麦汁分段煮沸工艺的应用探讨

在确保产品保质期和风味稳定性的前提下,采用新的煮沸工艺,减少麦汁蒸发量,是麦汁分段煮沸工艺的要点。1麦汁分段煮沸的过程原理麦汁动态低压煮沸需要增加二次蒸汽回收设备和调节系统,分段煮沸工艺在一般啤酒厂中不需要增加设备即可执行。本公司在电器设备论证后得到了实际应用,取得了较好的成绩。麦汁煮沸只有麦汁不良气味需要挥发,其他     

低压麦汁煮沸

节能是各个领域中的一个共同重要课题。啤酒工厂之40%的能量消耗在麦汁煮沸过程。探讨合理的麦汁煮沸,以节约啤酒厂的能耗,提高效益,具有重大的现实意义。目前,啤酒厂采用的麦汁煮沸有3大类型:(1)传统的常压煮沸;(2)麦汁釜外煮沸;(3)带能贮系统的低(表)压麦汁煮沸。本文对低(表)压麦汁煮沸做较详细的介绍,并与传统常压煮沸做比较。一麦汁常压煮沸系统常压麦汁煮沸系统由煮沸锅(带加热夹套或内加热器)、搅拌装置、排汽管等所组成。蒸发量每小时约10%。煮沸时间至少需90分钟。因为煮沸锅是敞口的,产生的二次     

麦汁煮沸时影响蛋白质凝聚的因素

麦汁煮沸的目的之一，是尽可能将麦汁中可凝固蛋白南凝聚并分离出来，以改善啤酒风味和非生物稳定性。文章从麦汁组成、煮沸强度、煮沸时间、煮沸方式，麦汁ｐＨ及酒花添加等方面分析了麦汁煮沸时影响蛋白质凝聚的因素。     

麦汁的低压动态煮沸

麦汁采用低压动态煮沸在保证麦汁煮沸效果的同时,可以节省麦汁蒸汽的消耗。     

优化麦汁煮沸过程控制的探讨

麦汁煮沸是糖化车间能耗最大的工序，进一步优化麦汁煮沸过程，提高产品质量和设备利用率，降低生产成本，在传统麦汁煮沸的基础上提供有利条件，将麦汁煮沸时间缩短到最少。     

节约一次性能源技术在啤酒酿造中的应用

在啤酒酿造过程中，麦汁煮沸是消耗能潭最多的阶段。低压煮沸和高温麦汁煮沸在麦汁煮沸期间具有较低的热负荷，从而进一步减少了能源消耗。本文主要讨论了麦汁煮沸的环境和减小热女荷的可能性。对近年来的麦汁煮沸系统，即低压动态煮沸和低热负荷与挥发物去除（蒸汽、膜厦真空去除）相结合的煮沸系统，给与了特别的关注。     

糖化煮沸锅伞置及冷凝水管溢流麦汁的改进

1现状分析我公司煮沸锅全容积63m3,有效容积42m3,目前单锅热麦汁产量36吨以上,满锅时煮沸麦汁达38．5吨,煮沸锅顶部空间38％,低于设计要求煮沸锅顶部空间不低于全容的40％,因此,煮沸时麦汁上升到入孔门上沿,从冷凝管处溢流麦汁,平均每锅损失麦汁200公斤左右。车间采取从冷凝管处加阀控制,煮沸时关闭阀门,防止麦汁从冷凝管溢出,     

啤酒厂的节能——介绍现代麦汁煮沸的几种方法

近十年来,随着化石燃料的大幅度涨价,节约能源问题备受各方关注。啤酒厂的麦汁煮沸约消耗总热量的40%而伴有峰荷,为此导致研制节能的麦汁煮沸新工艺。新的节能装置同时消除由蒸汽带出的恶味,从而减少空气污染。七十年代,导向应用能量守恒的第一踏板是麦汁外加热器。近五年来的进展是蒸汽机械再压缩、麦汁连续高温煮沸和麦汁低压煮沸等。煮沸锅的外加热器和新型的内加热器,仅只考虑适用于传统的麦汁煮沸工艺,因为它们不影响麦汁的质量。而通过蒸汽机械再压缩用来加热,则是更进一步的无需改变生产过程的方法,煮沸强度可任由选择。使用该装置,若仅计煮沸阶段,节能可达90%,     

浅谈麦汁加压煮沸

介绍了一种新颖的麦汁煮沸方法———低压煮沸法。阐述了低压煮沸的工艺条件及其流程，探讨了煮沸温度、时间、压力对煮沸效果的影响     

A new proposal for the quantification of homogeneity in the wort boiling process

For an efficient wort boiling process, a homogenous wort treatment is important. In this publication a new method for quantifying wort homogeneity is proposed. A differential equation for wort heating was formulated, which was validated by temperature measurements during the heating process. The ratio between calculation and measurements quantifies wort homogeneity. Knowing this parameter leads to a better prediction of the different reactions and processes of wort boiling. Copyright © 2015 The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

麦汁的成分及煮沸过程中物质的变化

麦汁的煮沸是啤酒发酵中最重要的工序,麦汁煮沸前后无论是物理性质还是化学成分变化极大,这对啤酒发酵风味影响很大,阐述了麦汁煮沸前后化学成分变化,对啤酒发酵合理控制有很大的启发作用。     

The Impact of Low Heat Load and Activated Carbon Treatment of Second Wort on Beer Taste and Flavour Stability

There is a vast repository of knowledge regarding improving beer taste stability via wort boiling. However, as far as we are aware, there are few reports dealing with taste stability improvement in terms of quality characteristics by boiling, under proper conditions, the first wort and second worts separately. In this study, more than 50 brews in a pilot scale brewing facility were conducted to investigate suitable boiling conditions for first and second worts. When the second wort (i.e., the last 10% of the total filtered wort) was kept under a low heat load atmosphere (78°C), casted to the boiling first wort, and then re‐boiled for 10 min, the produced beer exhibited no significant differences compared to that of the general beer in terms of taste stability. However, when an adsorbent (bentonite, silica gel, activated carbon or PVPP) was individually added to the second wort and the same boiling procedure was performed, the oxidized flavour of the forced aged beer, treated with activated carbon, significantly decreased, compared to that of the general brew (level of significance α = 0.01). The data from the chemical analysis and fermentation behavior are presented.     

麦汁煮沸节能技术探讨

啤酒生产过程的热能消耗除CIP和热水制备外，主要耗能集中在醪液升温、麦汁升温以及麦汁煮沸等工段。实现麦汁煮沸工段节能降耗的技术措施有：回收煮沸乏汽节能，包括采用乏汽冷凝器回收乏汽和采用乏汽压缩机节能；采用新型煮沸系统节能，可采用Merlin煮沸系统节能，或采用柔和煮沸系统节能，或采用Stromboli煮沸系统节能。     

麦汁混浊原因及主要解决措施

麦汁产生混浊的原因主要有原料（麦芽、大米、玉米、酒花）质量、原料粉碎度、糖化工艺、过滤条件（入醪刀速、阀门开度、耕糟刀高度）、煮沸条件（煮沸强度、麦汁pH、煮沸时间）、回旋沉淀效果等。解决麦汁混浊的主要措施：包括提高麦芽、辅料以及酒花的质量;控制麦芽和辅料的粉碎度;控制糖化工艺、麦汁过滤洗糟和麦汁煮沸条件及沉淀冷却效果。（孙悟）     

The effects of three mash separation systems on the isomerisation of hop alpha-acids

This study investigates the effects of wort composition from three lautering systems on hop utilisation at different hop boiling and dosing times. A response surface methodology was applied with 60 single tests at a 5 litre scale. The parameters, which were varied, were lautering system, boiling time without hops, boiling time with hops and α-acid dosage. It was shown that the wort composition from the different lautering systems requires different boiling times or enables the reduction in boiling time with hops. Although the pH and original gravity of the lauter tun and mash filter worts were similar, different boiling times were necessary to achieve the same concentration of iso-α-acids. Further, there were variations in fatty acid composition of the worts. In order to be able to assess the effects on a larger scale, six brews were performed in a 10 hL pilot brewery. The utilisation of hop bitter substances differed despite the same boiling time and the same α-acid dosage in relation to the total quantity of wort. In addition, no significant losses of hop bitter substances were observed in the wort from a continuous mash filtration system due to the process related higher dosage of α-acid. Both sets of experiments showed that the boiling times depend on the wort composition and increased as follows: novel continuous mash filtration system < mash filter < lauter tun. The results lay the foundation for calculating the optimal parameter settings for each brewery to optimise the hop isomerisation rate. © 2020 The Authors. Journal of the Institute of Brewing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of The Institute of Brewing & Distilling     

Simultaneous Determination of Mono‐, Di‐, and Trihydroxyoctadecenoic Acids in Beer and Wort

Monohydroxy, dihydroxy‐, and trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids in beer and wort were simultaneously determined using gas chromatography after a solid extraction method. These three acids were detected at ppm levels in the wort. The monohydroxyoctadecenoic acids were not detected after wort boiling, but the dihydroxy‐ and trihydroxyoctadecenoic acids were transferred through wort boiling, fermentation and lagering into the finished beer. During the mashing using a laboratory mash bath, they gradually increased to about twice the levels those at mashing‐in. The amounts of dihydroxyoctadecenoic acid and trihydroxyoctadecenoic acid in commercial beer samples varied from 0.6 to 1.6 ppm and 6 to 15 ppm, respectively.     

糖化过程中二甲基硫的形成及控制

研究了糖化过程中二甲基硫（DMS）及前体的变化，糖化工艺参数对定型麦汁中DMS及前体的影响。结果表明；在浸出法糖化过程中，二甲基亚砜（DMSO）在洗糟之前其含量基本不变，硫甲基蛋氨酸（SMM）含量逐渐上升，DMS的含量逐渐下降，随着辅料比的增大，定型麦汁中SMM和DMSO的含量逐渐下降；煮沸温度越高，时间越长，强度越大，麦汁SMM分解得越彻底，采用抽真空喷淋工艺能消除大部分回旋沉淀过程中产生的游离DMS。     

啤酒麦汁外煮沸的研究

麦汁煮沸是啤酒糖化的重要工序,它对啤酒的胶体稳定性及风味稳定性起重要作用。本文介绍了麦汁外煮沸新技术及其试验结果。同时对其关键设备外加热器的设计问题进行了探讨,为今后推广应用提供了设计数据。