密集多径信道下IR—UWB信号同步捕获方法

超宽带(UWB)信号的快速同步捕获是UWB通信系统中的关键问题．本文提出一种分步同步捕获方法，首先采用两种次最优的最大似然估计算法进行粗搜索，然后在粗搜索获得的有限范围内利用最大值／阈值检测进行精估计．该方法提高了密集多径信道下极窄脉冲形式UWB信号(IR-UWB)的捕获性能，并有效降低了计算复杂度和处理时间．文中还根据IR-UWB信号接收特点，从捕获能量的角度定义了捕获概率．通过仿真评估了捕获能量对系统性能的影响，并对算法性能和参数选择进行了分析．     

基于能量检测的UWB数据包联合捕获方法

针对非相干UWB系统的数据包捕获问题,提出了一种联合信号捕获、误码率性能优化与包同步字检测的捕获方案.在信号捕获后发送导频序列实时估计信噪比,并搜索积分窗口长度,以获得最低误码率.给出了数据包捕获模型的合适性能指标,分别采用串行搜索与跳K步搜索策略,结合7位与13位巴克码为包同步字进行数据包捕获,仿真结果表明,三者联合的方案能够在保持一定包捕获性能的同时获得较好的误码率性能.     

基于多天线辅助估计的高精度UWB快速捕获算法研究

本文提出了一种基于多天线辅助估计的UWB(超宽带)快速捕获算法,利用UWB信号的循环平稳特性,将接收信号与它自身延迟一个信息位产生的模板相关,应用最大似然方法就可得到一个粗略的同步时间估计,在充分利用线性天线阵空间分集增益的情况下,这种估计相当准确。在此基础上继续进行精确同步,直到捕获任一符号位的第一帧第一个到达脉冲。文中采用流图法给出了本算法平均捕获时间的闭式解。理论分析和计算机模拟表明,该算法与同等硬件复杂程度和同等捕获精度的其他捕获方法相比可明显地缩短平均捕获时间。     

一种适合PPM-UWB信号的时移TDT同步捕获算法

指出TDT(timingwithadirtytemplate)盲同步捕获算法只适于PAM调制(脉冲幅度调制)UWB系统,而不能在PPM调制(脉冲相位调制)UWB系统中应用。提出了一种TS-TDT(time-shift-TDT)盲同步捕获算法,解决了PPM调制UWB系统快速同步捕获问题。该算法通过两条相关支路分别计算接收信号的延迟互相关值而获得同步信息,无需训练序列。理论分析和仿真实验结果表明,该算法结构简单,同步精度灵活可变,性能良好。     

分布式MIMO-OFDM系统的同步捕获算法

该文提出了一种分布式多输入多输出正交频分复用(MIMO-OFDM)系统初始信号检测和同步捕获算法。该算法设计了导频符号,采用谱分析方法实现可靠的初始信号检测、粗定时和粗频偏估计,并在快速傅里叶变换(FFT)之后进行精确地频偏和定时估计。仿真结果表明,该算法在低信噪比多径瑞利信道条件下具有很好的性能。     

基于遗传算法的UWB信号非相干捕获方法

 本文针对动态信噪比环境超宽带（UWB, Ultra WideBand）信号的非相干捕获,提出了一种基于遗传算法的信号捕获方案.以遗传算法结合在线估计接收信噪比,搜索积分窗口长度与定时位置的参数组合,实现系统要求的比特错误概率.该方法解决了传统捕获方案在未知信噪比条件下积分长度无法择优选取以及捕获门限难于设定的问题.仿真结果表明,基于遗传算法的二维参数捕获方法与传统Look and Jump by K steps算法相比有效的提高了未知信噪比条件下的系统捕获性能,拓展了UWB非相干系统的应用范围.     

无线传感网下低能耗快速物理层主机同步

在无线传感器网络通信中,物理层同步捕获是制约节点复杂度和功耗的重要环节.为了进一步减少标签节点的同步捕获时长和反馈功耗,在脉冲主机同步算法的基础上,提出了相位误差估计同步捕获算法.标签节点采用对称双极性锯齿相关波形,锯齿信号相关输出由于具备与相位误差间的线性关系,所以可获得更好的稳定性和捕获速度.对这种基于发射端主机(锚节点)的同步捕获性能进行了理论分析,并通过仿真验证了理论分析的正确性,同时比较了与原算法在非理想信道下的捕获性能.     

改进的MB-OFDM UWB 信道估计算法

在MB-OFDM UWB 系统中,传统的信道估计方法没有充分利用信道长度这一信息,估计信道长度常大于实际长度,造成了性能损失。针对这一缺陷,提出一种新的信道估计算法。首先利用LS 算法估计出信道,然后通过信号能量估计(SEE)方法估计出信道长度。算法有效地降低了估计维数,因此提高了LS 算法的估计性能,同时对各算法的性能进行了分析比较。最后利用实验仿真证实了算法的有效性和分析的正确性。     

超宽带通信系统中同步算法研究

超宽带通信技术近年来受到广泛关注,其中同步问题系统性能的关键因素。研究了超宽带通信系统的定时同步问题,提出了一种粗同步与细同步相结合的同步算法,以TH-UWB-PAM信号系统为例,首先利用脏模板理论进行粗捕获,完成帧一级的同步,然后在捕获的基础上利用滑动相关完成细同步,通过对加性高斯白噪声（AWGN）和超宽带（UWB）多径信道进行了同步算法性能仿真,实验结果表明了该同步算法的可行性,能够获得复杂度和同步性能的良好折中,且在一定信噪比条件下能获得良好的同步精度。     

基于超宽带脉冲信号的时/频域信道估计

针对脉冲超宽带(UWB)系统提出两种基于超宽带脉冲信号的信道估计算法-时域最大似然(ML)信道估计和频域子空间信道估计算法.文中从理论上详细推导信道估计算法的基本原理,通过计算机仿真验证相同环境下两种算法的性能.最后,由仿真结果对两者进行了性能比较分析,分析结果对于新型时/频域UWB接收技术的研究具有指导意义.     

DS-UWB系统中利用辅助序列的MAX/TC准则同步算法研究

DS-UWB系统是否能够获得快速可靠的信号同步是系统设计的一项重要指标。该文在最大值选择/过门限(MAXimum selection/Threshold Comparison,MAX/TC)准则DS-UWB系统同步捕获算法的基础上,提出一种采用辅助序列的MAX/TC准则改进型同步捕获算法,算法利用辅助序列信息判断本地伪随机序列发生器相位更新方向,能够较大程度降低系统伪随机序列同步捕获时间;通过对改进算法进行较为详细的理论分析,并且在超宽带室内信道环境中进行仿真实验,结果表明,采用该文算法可以在保证系统同步捕获性能的同时有效缩短平均同步捕获时间。     

On equal-gain combining for acquisition of time-hopping ultra-wideband signals

The acquisition of ultra-wideband (UWB) signals is a potential bottleneck for system throughput in a packet-based network employing UWB signaling format in the physical layer. The problem is mainly due to the low received signal power and the fine time resolution which forces the acquisition system to process the signal over long periods of time before getting a reliable estimate of the timing of the signal. Hence, there is a need to develop more efficient acquisition schemes by taking into account the signal and channel characteristics. In this paper, we investigate two approaches, the square-and-integrate and the integrate-and-square, which collect the energy in the multipaths by performing equal-gain combining (EGC) to improve the acquisition performance. We define the hit set as the set of hypothesized phases which can guarantee adequate system performance after acquisition, and also study the effect of the EGC window length on the acquisition performance.     

基于SOA增益饱和效应生成UWB信号的研究

光纤传输超宽带信号(UWB over fiber)的提出解决了UWB传输距离短的问题,成为国内外研究的热点课题,如何在光域中生成UWB是该系统的关键技术之一。对称形UWB(doublet)与常用的单周期高斯脉冲信号(monocycle)相比,在低频部分的功率谱密度较低,在UWB系统中有更好的性能。为此提出了利用半导体光放大器(SOA)的增益饱和效应生成对称形UWB信号的方法,并进行了仿真实验,得到了符合美国联邦通信委员会(FCC)标准的中心频率为8.3GHz,相对带宽约为142%的对称形UWB信号,验证了该方法的可行性。     

DTR-DS-BPSK超宽带通信系统的同步算法研究

分析了采用差分传输参考(differential transmitted reference)-直接序列扩频-二进制移相键控(DTR-DS-BPSK)方案的超宽带(ultra-wideband,UWB)通信系统的原理及其实现方案,在此基础上,提出了一种适用于DTR-DS-BPSK UWB通信系统的同步方案,并利用Matlab对该方案在室外环境下的捕获性能进行了仿真,从而为室外环境下超宽带通信系统的相关设计提供了依据.     

Time Reversal Based Timing Acquisition for Ultra-Wideband Wireless Communications: Numerical and Experimental Study

A novel timing acquisition method is proposed for ultra-wideband (UWB) wireless communications in dense multipath environments. This method is based on the time reversal technique that employs the temporally reversed channel probing waveforms rather than initial source pulses as the carrier to send the timing preambles. The temporally reversed channel probing waveforms are obtained by simply flipping the channel probing waveforms along the time axis. With the proposed method, the UWB system does not require complicated algorithms to estimate the physical channel at both transmitters and receivers and is capable of recovering the starting time of the transmitted symbols quickly with a very small number of training preamble bits. This is because the focusing properties of the time reversal technology greatly compress the time delay spread of the received preamble pulses and enhance the received pulse energy. A single-input-single-output pulsed UWB radio system is presented to demonstrate the proposed method. Both numerical and experimental results illustrate that the time reversal based timing acquisition method not only speeds up the timing acquisition, but also improves the accuracy of the timing acquisition.     

Coarse Acquisition Performance of Spectral-Encoded UWB Communication Systems in the Presence of Narrow-Band Interference

It is known that a major practical implementation challenge of ultra-wideband (UWB) receivers is the design of the coarse acquisition stage. Due to the fine time resolution of UWB signals, the acquisition stage has to acquire a large number of low-energy multipath components, with no or little knowledge of the state of the channel. In addition, the complexity further increases with the presence of narrowband interference due to the proposed spectral overlay. Our goal in this paper is to evaluate the affects of the lack of a priori knowledge of the channel state and the presence of narrowband interference during acquisition. Maximum-likelihood and maximum a posteriori procedures for estimation in the presence of narrowband interference are formulated, and two different interference mitigation techniques are evaluated. In particular, this paper considers UWB communication systems that use spectral encoding as both the multiple access scheme and the interference suppression technique. The qualitative results are, however, believed to be valid for any UWB system implementation. It is shown that the acquisition performance strongly depends on the amount of a priori knowledge of the channel state at the receiver, and on whether or not interference suppression is employed.      

Smart UWB System Based on STC and TR Techniques for BER Performance Enhancement and Interference Rejection

In this research, a novel smart UWB system is introduced. The proposed system is based on using an adaptive maximum ratio combining (MRC) Rake receiver. The proposed adaptive Rake receiver uses Genetic algorithm (GA) to adaptively select the delays of the fingers of the Rake receiver depending on the channel impulse response. It adaptively selects the delays that will allow the Rake receiver to capture most of the energy in the multipath components with minimum complexity. This adaptive Rake receiver is referred to as a GA Rake. The adaptive GA Rake is applied to a single-input single-output and space time coding (STC) multi-input single-output UWB systems. The performance of those systems using a GA Rake is compared to their performance when using a conventional MRC-Rake receiver and showed a great enhancement in performance with less receiver complexity. Also, in this paper, the smart UWB system using STC is modified by using the time reversal (TR) pre-coding technique. The modified system is referred to as a TR smart UWB system. This modification leads to more enhancements in performance and more reduction in receiver complexity over the smart UWB system. Moreover, this paper also shows the ability a TR smart UWB system in combating interference from other UWB systems.     

On the asymptotic performance of threshold-based acquisition systems in multipath fading channels

The asymptotic performance of timing acquisition systems having fixed dwell time in multipath fading channels is investigated. The detrimental effect of the multipath channel fading on the acquisition performance is isolated by considering the asymptotic performance as the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases. It is found that for any threshold such that the average probability of false alarm is less than a given tolerance, the channel fading results in a lower bound on the asymptotic average probability of miss which is nontrivial for a variety of fading scenarios. A threshold-based direct-sequence spread-spectrum signal acquisition system is considered and it is found that the detrimental effect of channel fading on asymptotic acquisition performance, albeit nontrivial, is not very significant. The asymptotic acquisition performance of two threshold-based acquisition schemes for ultra-wideband (UWB) signals with time-hopping (TH) spreading are also evaluated and compared. For both schemes, the detrimental effect of the channel fading on the asymptotic acquisition performance turns out to be significant.     

基于ML和相关器的超宽带系统同步捕获的实现

超宽带(UWB)以其传榆速率高、抗多径和抗干扰能力强等优点,在短距多址无线通信中良好的应用前景而引起广泛研究.文章提出了一种基于ML的UWB同步接收方案,采用相关器与ML估计准则结合在一起实现同步.仿真结果表明:捕获的导频序列M越长和估计的支路数越多,误码率就越低.