Formation of austenite in steels

Conclusions On heating of steel austenite is formed in two stages: a) a diffusionless transformation, leading to the formation of low-carbon austenite; 2) subsequent saturation of the austenite with carbon [8]. In this case the austenite forms first in those places where, for whatever reason (the existence of an interface, differences in concentration, lattice defects), the free energy is larger, which facilitates the nucleation of austenite.Kharkov Highways' Institute. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 9, pp. 2–5, September, 1968.     

Isothermal decomposition of austenite in high-speed steel

Conclusions Isothermal transformation of austenite at 700–800°C in steels R18 and R6M3 is accompanied by precipitation of M₆C. The alloying and phase cold working of the phase formed (determined from the lattice constant and line broadening), and also the alloying of the phase, decrease with increasing holding time.DeceasedAll-Union Scientific-Research Tool Institute. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No.3, pp. 73–75, March, 1971.     

Distribution of residual austenite in quenched tool steels

Special Planning, Design, and Technology Office of the Casting and Forging Industry, Kharkov. Translated from Metallovedenie i Termicheskaya Obrabotka Metallov, No. 5, pp. 24–25, May, 1993.