电网动态稳定实时监测系统

主要介绍电网动态稳定实时监测系统监测原理、组成及功能，提出利用GPS同步时钟，同步 测量功角和异地母线相位的方法，并通过所研制的厂站端监测装置和通信系统将状态和工况 参数实时传送到调度端装置，从而实时监测机组和电网的动态和暂态行为，直接监测稳定性 ，并可用于稳定控制。     

基于故障场景的区域电网安全稳定控制系统测试方法

分析和阐述了区域电网安全稳定控制系统测试的特点，指出策略验证是整个系统测试的核心内容。针对目前孤立的测试仪无法模拟互联电网内部各节点之间相互影响的动态过程这一情况，提出了一种新的区域电网安全稳定控制系统测试方法。该方法利用稳定计算录制的故障场景数据在稳定控制系统中的实时回放，以验证控制策略逻辑的正确性，特别适用于大电力系统复杂故障场景下对稳定控制装置动作行为的分析和测试。在RCS-992A区域稳定控制装置中的应用验证了所提出的测试方法的有效性。     

关于电网稳定断面实时监视软件的设计及应用

设计了一种利用网络拓扑技术实时监视电网稳定断面运行方式的在线 应用软件。根据电网不同的运行方式，自动选择合理的控制断面及其限值，并实时计算断面 功率。如果满足运行方式的稳定断面重载或越限，可及时发送报警信息，使调度员能及时了 解断面的运行状况并采取正确措施，消除电网安全运行隐患，确保电网的安全稳定运行。     

大电网安全可靠运行4级梯度预警预控方法

采取系统、综合、在时间轴上延伸扩展的防御措施是避免大规模停电事故发生的重要途径之一。现有的预警和预防性控制系统大都集中关注于电网运行在线、实时、动态的安全稳定分析和事故防范措施，然而从电网运行生产的全过程出发能更好地实现综合防御的思想。提出一种4级梯度预警预控方法，即运用系统工程的思想在电网运行生产过程的4个重要环节，针对各自的特点开展预警分析和预防性协调控制。以此方法建立的预警预控系统的核心内容是周计划、日计划、操作前和实时4个时间递进环节上的安全稳定分析和有针对性的控制措施。介绍了大电网安全可靠运行4级梯度预警预控系统在河南电网的具体设计实施和关键技术。     

水轮机组快速自动准同期控制研究及其电站应用

本文介绍了一种用于水轮发电机组快速行动准同期控制的方法，它采用频差控制和相角控制的复合控制方案，可使机组与电网的频差和相差信号在同期点附近周期摆动，提供每分钟多达6到9次的并网机会。文中还分析了复合控制器参数与同步控制系统控制器参数之间的关系，给出了实验室内动态实时仿真与电站运行结果。     

暂态功率的积分用于TCSC的稳定控制

结合东北伊敏--冯屯含TCSC输电工程和电网稳定控制的实际情况，提出了一种较准确、动态响应快的暂态功率算法，可以用于电网暂态稳定控制中功率的计算。暂态功率算法采用三相信号，并且消除了其中的负序部分，波动大大减小。由暂态功率积分得到转速差，结果与实际值十分接近。数字仿真和动模实验说明，与离散傅里叶变换法及基于α-β分析的瞬时有功算法相比，暂态功率算法更适于电网暂态稳定控制。     

基于广域测量技术的电网实时动态监测系统应用

基于同步相量技术的广域动态监测系统，可以在时空坐标下监测电力系统动态运行特性，弥补了现有SCADA系统和故障录波系统的不足，为实现全网实时控制、提高大电网安全稳定性和传输能力提供了新的途径。文中较详细地介绍了江苏电网广域实时动态监测系统的基本原理、体系结构、功能设计及工程应用情况。     

水轮机调速器与电网负荷频率控制:（三）区域电网交换功率控制仿真研究

在现代电力系统中，要很好地维持电网频率稳定在一定范围内，实现整个互联电网有功功率的瞬间平衡，各区域电网必须调整好各自内部的有功平衡，同时，还要维持联络线上的计划交换功率，需要通过监测联络线潮流和电网频率来决定合适的发电控制。文中对在控制性能评价标准（CPS）考核下的区域电网交换功率控制进行了初步的仿真和实时试验研究。     

基于WWW技术的电网实时信息系统

基于WWW技术的电网实时信息系统使电力企业内部网(Intranet)用户能够及时准确 地了解电力生产和电网运 行的动态情况。系统接收SCADA/EMS发送的实时数据和历史数据， 经过加工处理，通过Internet浏览器显示 为动态的电网接线图、曲线和数据表格，用户也可 以动态查询历史数据。系统开发使用了CGI，Java等WWW 技术。     

OPS-1在线预决策的暂态稳定控制系统

介绍了于1999年12月初在陕西东部电网投入试运行的OPS-1在线预决策的暂态稳定控制系统的总体结构和技术要点。该系统实时测量当地电网电气量，自动选择外部网典型方式数据，针对预想故障集进行最佳控制策略的快速搜索计算，在线刷新控制策略表，对系统运行方式变化和电网发展具有强适应性，并以最小控制代价带来显著经济效益。该系统是暂态稳定性定量分析技术EEAC和成熟的区域稳定控制装置FWK的有机结合，是国内安全稳定控制技术的新产品。     

地下厂房施工过程的三维非线性数值模拟分析

根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。     

Evaluation of freshwater mussel relocation as a conservation and management strategy

The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects.     

基于模型试验的河床砂砾石层基本特性研究

为了经济可靠地确定深厚覆盖层的基本特性参数,以大渡河双江口水电站坝基河床砂砾石层基本特性研究为工程背景,进行大尺寸模型试验,研究河床砂砾石层的旁压模量和动探击数随密度、级配以及上覆压力的变化规律。根据室内模型试验结果,结合现场旁压试验及钻孔试验成果,推断出坝址区河床砂砾石相关层位的密度,并依此进行砂砾石室内力学试验,获得设计所需力学参数。研究成果可为深厚覆盖层基本特性测试提供新的方法。     

基于BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型的隧道围岩位移预测

在隧道工程施工中,围岩位移预测起着很重要的作用。将BP神经网络-马尔科夫链模型引入到隧道围岩位移预测中来,通过对训练样本的学习,利用BP神经网络实现了对位移时间序列的滚动预测,同时得到了实测值与预测值的相对误差;在此基础上利用马尔科夫链对相对误差进行修正,有效地提高了预测结果的精度。并将该模型应用于某公路隧道拱顶下沉位移时序预测中,结果表明该模型具有精度高、科学可靠的特点,为隧道围岩变形的预测提供了新的途径。     

Short communication. Pipelines as a refuge for freshwater snails

In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment.     

浙江省水域调查录入系统的设计和应用

浙江省水域调查录入系统将调查数据与电子地图相整合,对分类水域数据进行统计计算,并对输入数据进行合理性和完整性检查,得到调查范围内现有水域的详细数据,实现了水域调查数据输入、计算、统计和查询的数字化管理,提高了工作效率和工作质量,为各地下阶段水域保护规划编制和水域管理工作提供了数据支持。对该系统的设计原则、功能和技术设计等作了介绍。     

基于CT-连续加荷水泥乳化沥青混凝土细观损伤规律研究

利用CT技术对水泥乳化沥青混凝土的细观损伤过程进行实时扫描观测,获得了混凝土试件在连续加荷下的CT图像。通过采用直观分析法、CT数分析法、CT数与损伤变量关系3种方法分析表明,水泥乳化沥青混凝土的破坏过程可分为压密、扩容、裂纹扩展、破坏4个阶段,同时混凝土在受压过程中具有韧性,在极限荷载之前各断面处于压密和微扩容的强化阶段,极限荷载之后混凝土从损伤到破坏发展比较平稳。     

Automated system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash from electric precipitator hoppers

A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system, configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered. __________ Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008).     

The flood pulse advantage and the restoration of river-floodplain systems

The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed.     

浅谈天湖水电站水轮机运行故障及处理措施

简述天湖水电站投运以来各种故障的表现形式，分析其原因，提出了相应的处理方法及措施，并对合理利用国内外设备提出建议。