静电纺丝法制备聚碳酸酯基聚氨酯纳米纤维的研究

以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和四氢呋喃(THF)为混合溶剂配制聚碳酸酯基热塑性聚氨酯(PU)纺丝溶液,通过静电纺丝法制备PU纳米纤维。重点研究了纺丝溶液浓度、混合溶剂中DMF和THF的体积比、纺丝电压和纺丝溶液流速对PU纳米纤维形态、直径及其分散性的影响。结果发现,纺丝液浓度为12%,混合溶剂中DMF与THF体积比为1∶1,纺丝电压为10 kV,纺丝溶液流速为0. 8 m L/h时,通过静电纺丝法制得的PU纳米纤维粗细均匀,表面光滑,纤维之间无粘连现象,形成的纳米纤维膜空隙率高。     

静电纺丝工艺对二醋酸纤维素纳米纤维形貌及直径的影响

以质量比为2∶1的丙酮/N,N-二甲基乙酰胺混合溶液为溶剂配制二醋酸纤维素(CA)溶液,采用静电纺丝制备CA纳米纤维,探讨了CA浓度、纺丝电压、接收距离和溶液推进速度等工艺条件对CA纳米纤维形貌、直径及其分布的影响。结果表明:CA纳米纤维的直径随CA浓度增加而增大,随纺丝电压增大而减小;适当的接收距离和溶液推进速度可以获得直径较小且分布均匀的纤维;当CA质量分数为11%、纺丝电压为30 k V、接收距离为15 cm、溶液推进速度为0.010 m L/min时,纺丝效果好,纤维平均直径约130 nm,且直径分布较均匀。     

静电纺丝工艺参数对PMMA／富勒烯纤维形貌的影响

采用甲苯与二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）混合溶液做溶剂,以静电纺丝法制备了含有富勒烯（C60）的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）纤维,利用扫描电镜观察了纤维的形貌,分析了PMMA的质量分数、溶剂比、纺丝电压、收集距离等对纤维形貌及平均直径的影响。结果表明：PMMA溶液的浓度以及溶剂比对纤维的形貌起着主导作用,当二者变化时,纤维结构变化较大。纤维的平均直径随着PMMA浓废、纺丝电压的增大而增大;当甲苯/DMF体积比增大时,纤维平均直径先增大后减小;纤维形貌受收集距离的影响较小。     

静电纺丝热塑性聚氨酯纳米纤维的制备

将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）和四氢呋喃（THF）按体积比0：4、1：3、2：2、3：1、4：0混合作为溶剂,确定配比后,在不同浓度、电压下对热塑性聚氨酯（TPU）溶液进行静电纺丝。结果表明,DMF与THF的体积比对聚氨酯静电纺丝纤维的形貌、直径及其均匀性有明显影响,当混合溶液体积比为2：2,浓度为0．18g／mL,电压为26kV时,TPU纺丝液纺丝效果最佳,得到最理想的纤维;纤维直径随DMF含量的增多而减小,但当DMF含量过多时,纤维上容易出现液滴,纤维形貌变差;TPU纺丝液浓度增大,纤维直径增大;电压增大,纤维直径减小。     

聚醚砜的静电纺丝研究

采用聚醚砜(PES)的良溶剂二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)和非良溶剂丙酮(AC)为共溶剂体系,研究了溶剂组成、纺丝成形条件对静电纺丝PES纤维的形貌及纤维直径的影响。结果表明:DMF/AC的配比对于静电纺丝PES纤维形貌具有直接的调控作用,随着DMF/AC混合溶剂中AC用量的增加,纤维平均直径变大,纤维毡中串珠数目明显减少,纤维均一性变好;随着纺丝液浓度的升高,纺丝电压的增大,纤维的平均直径变大;接收距离的变化对纤维平均直径影响不大;PES最佳纺丝工艺条件为纺丝溶液质量分数13%,纺丝电压15 kV,接收距离10 cm,mDMF/mAC为8.5/1.5,在此条件下,可以获得纤维平均直径为96 nm的PES纤维毡。     

PVP,PEOX和PVAL纤维的电纺制备和表征

采用溶液静电纺丝法制备了聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、聚氧化乙烯(PEOX)和聚乙烯醇(PVAL)纤维,研究了溶液浓度、外加电压和接收距离等参数对纤维形貌和直径的影响。结果表明,在选定的参数范围内,三种聚合物纤维的平均直径随溶液浓度的增大而增大,当PVP/乙醇溶液浓度为40%,PEOX溶液浓度为6%和8%,PVAL溶液浓度为8%和10%时,制得的三种纤维具有较好的形貌且其平均直径均小于1 μm。外加电压不高于30 kV时,PVP纤维的平均直径随外加电压的增大而增大,PEOX和PVAL纤维的平均直径随外加电压的增加先增大后减小。随着接收距离的增大,PVP纤维的平均直径先减小后增大,PEOX和PVAL纤维的平均直径先增大后减小。三种纤维所需的工艺参数水平不相同,其中,PVP纺丝所需溶液浓度高于PEOX和PVAL,PEOX纺丝所需外加电压和接收距离高于PVP和PVAL。     

醋酸丁酸纤维素溶液性质及其静电可纺性研究

研究了醋酸丁酸纤维素(CAB)的静电可纺性,主要探讨了纺丝液的浓度、纺丝电压、固化距离和溶剂对CAB静电纺丝的影响。试验结果表明:在质量体积百分比为10%￣50%范围内,随着CAB的浓度的增加,经历从颗粒到珠节最后再到形成纤维;纺丝电压的增加和固化距离变大均导致纤维直径变小。醋酸-丙酮混合溶剂的体积比在2∶18和13∶7范围内是CAB静电纺丝的合适溶剂。     

磁场辅助静电纺PAN纳米纤维有序度的研究

采用磁场辅助静电纺丝法制备了有序聚丙烯腈(PAN)纳米纤维,分析了PAN/二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)溶液浓度、纺丝电压、注射速度、磁铁间距和溶剂DMF及DMF与二甲基亚砜(DMSO)混合溶剂等因素对PAN纤维有序度的影响。结果表明:随着PAN/DMF溶液中PAN浓度增大,PAN纤维有序度逐渐增大;注射速度对纤维有序度影响不明显;随着纺丝电压和磁铁间距增大,PAN纤维有序度先增大后减小;DMSO的加入,使溶液可纺性降低,不利于纤维有序排列;对于PAN/DMF溶液体系,适宜的磁场辅助静电纺丝的工艺参数为PAN质量分数12%,纺丝距离12 cm,电压14 k V,注射速度0.5 m L/h,磁铁间距2.5 cm,纺丝得到的PAN纳米纤维的有序度为92%。     

气流-静电纺丝法制备苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚超细纤维

采用75%四氢呋喃(THF)和25%N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)的混合溶液作溶剂,通过气流-静电纺丝法制备了苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物(SBS)超细纤维。利用扫描电镜(SEM),研究了溶液浓度、电压、接收距离(喷丝孔到接收板的距离)、喷丝孔内径对静电纺纤维的直径和形貌的影响。研究发现:溶液浓度对电纺纤维的直径和形貌有非常重要的影响,当溶液浓度由10%增加到18%时,电纺纤维平均直径随之成线性增加;当电压由23.8kV增加到33.8kV时,纤维平均直径先减小后增加。最佳工艺条件为:溶液质量分数为14%,电压为28.8kV,接收距离为20cm,喷丝孔内径为0.27mm,所得SBS电纺超细纤维平均直径为429nm。     

聚ε-己内酯/聚乙二醇共混纳米纤维的静电纺丝研究

采用四氢呋喃和无水乙醇为溶剂,利用静电纺丝法制备了聚己内酯(PCL)/聚乙二醇(PEG)共混纳米纤维。研究了共混配比、溶液浓度、无水乙醇的加入以及电纺电压、接收距离等工艺参数对纤维形态和性能的影响。测试结果表明:聚乙二醇和聚己内酯以一定比例共混后改善了聚己内酯纤维毡的亲水性和细胞相容性;随着纺丝原液浓度增加,电纺产品由高分子微/纳米液滴结构渐变为珠状结构较少的平滑纤维,平均纤维直径逐渐增大;一定范围内,纤维平均直径随电压的上升而增大,但与接收距离关系不大;此外,加入无水乙醇后,共混溶液电导率增加,有利于喷射流的劈裂,减少了珠状结构的数量。     

Electrospinning of polycarbonate urethane biomaterials

Polycarbonate urethane (PCU) nano-fibers were fabricated via electrospinning using N,N- dimethylformamide (DMF) and tetrahydrofuran (THF) as the mixed solvent. The effect of volume ratios of DMF and THF in the mixed solvent on the fiber structures was investigated. The results show that nano-fibers with a narrow diameter distribution and a few defects were obtained when mixed solvent with the appropriate volume ratio of DMF and THF as 1∶1. When the proportion of DMF was more than 75% in the mixed solvent, it was easy to form many beaded fibers. The applied voltage in the electrospinning process has a significant influence on the morphology of fibers. When the electric voltage was set between 22 and 32 kV, the average diameters of the fibers were found between 420 and 570 nm. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images showed that fiber diameter and structural morphology of the electrospun PCU membranes are a function of the polymer solution concentration. When the concentration of PCU solution was 6.0 wt-%, a beaded-fiber microstructure was obtained. With increasing the concentration of PCU solutions above 6.0 wt-%, beaded fiber decreased and finally disappeared. However, when the PCU concentration was over 14.0 wt-%, the average diameter of fibers became large, closed to 2 μm, because of the high solution viscosity. The average diameter of nanofibers increased linearly with increasing the volume flow rate of the PCU solution (10.0 wt-%) when the applied voltage was 24 kV. The results show that the morphology of PCU fibers could be controlled by electrospinning parameters, such as solution concentration, electric voltage and flow rate.     

不同溶剂对静电纺聚乳酸纳米纤维形态结构的影响

以聚乳酸（PLA）为原料,分别用三种不同的溶剂制得三种纺丝液并采用静电纺丝法,制备了聚乳酸纳米纤维。探讨了溶剂、电压、溶液质量分数对纤维形貌和直径的影响。结果表明,溶剂是决定PLA超细纤维形成的关键因素,三氯甲烷（CHC l3）与二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）混合溶剂（体积比为9∶1）是PLA静电纺丝较为理想的溶剂。在PLA质量分数为6%、极距15 cm、电压25 kV,流量2.5 mL/h的工艺条件下,可制备直径为1 200 nm左右的PLA纤维。     

Process Optimization and Empirical Modeling for Electrospun Poly(D,L‐lactide) Fibers using Response Surface Methodology

Summary: Ultrafine fibers were spun from poly(D ,L ‐lactide) (PDLA) solution using a homemade electrospinning set‐up. Fibers with diameter ranging from 350 to 1 900 nm were obtained. Morphologies of fibers and distribution of fiber diameters were investigated varying concentration and applied voltage by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Average fiber diameter and distribution were determined from about 100 measurements of the random fibers with an image analyzer (SemAfore 5.0, JEOL). A more systematic understanding of process parameters of the electrospinning was obtained and a quantitative relationship between electrospinning parameters and average fiber diameter was established by response surface methodology (RSM). It was concluded that the concentration of polymer solution played an important role in the diameter of fibers and standard deviation of fiber diameter. Lower concentration tended to facilitate the formation of bead‐on‐string structures. Fiber diameter tended to increase with polymer concentration and decrease with applied voltage. Fibers with lower variation in diameter can be obtained at lower concentration regardless of applied voltage. Fibers with uniform diameter and lower variation in diameter can be obtained at higher concentration and higher applied voltage. Process conditions for electrospinning of PDLA could be chosen according to the model in this study.

Contour plots of average fiber diameter as a function of concentration and applied voltage.     

AgNPs-醋酸纤维素纳米纤维的制备与抗菌性能

采用静电纺丝的方法,并结合紫外还原技术,成功制备了Ag纳米颗粒(AgNPs)-醋酸纤维素(CA)纳米纤维。重点研究了溶剂和AgNO3浓度对纤维形貌和AgNPs的分散性及粒径的影响。结果表明:丙酮、DMAc和水(质量比为7∶2∶1)的混合溶液是纺制AgNPs-CA纳米纤维的合适溶剂,在该溶剂体系下,静电纺丝状况较好,AgNPs的尺寸和分布也较理想;随AgNO3添加量的增加,纳米纤维的直径降低,纤维上AgNPs的数量增加;当AgNO3质量分数为0.5%时,AgNPs-CA纳米纤维对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠埃希菌都具有很好的抗菌效果。     

Optimization of the electrospinning conditions for preparation of nanofibers from polyvinylacetate (PVAc) in ethanol solvent

In order to fabricate polyvinylacetate (PVAc) fiber by electrospinning, we have been examined electrospun polyvinylacetate (PVAc) under various conditions after dissolving it in ethanol solution. As the concentration of spinning solution increased, the diameter of the electrospun PVAc fiber increased. At the concentration lower than 10 wt.%, beads were formed while over the 25 wt.%, distinct fiber was not observed. At the tip-collector distance (TCD) of 7.5 cm or less, the jet of spinning solution was unstable and the fiber diameter decreased. On the other hand, at the TCD of 10 cm or more, the strength of electric field became too weak and the fiber diameter increased. As the flow rate of spinning solution increased, the fiber diameter increased and at the flow rate of 300 μl/min or more, it increased sharply. For 15 wt.% PVAc, the fiber diameter decreased as the applied voltage increased. At a high-applied voltage, however, charge acceleration caused the spinning solution not to be separated and thus the fiber diameter increased. As a result of dissolving PVAc in ethanol and electrospinning it in the following conditions, a fiber with the diameter of about 700 nm was spun: the concentration of 15 wt.%, the TCD of 10 cm, the spinning solution flow rate of 100 μl/min, and the applied voltage of 15 kV.     

Electrospinning of hydroxypropyl cellulose fibers and their application in synthesis of nano and submicron tin oxide fibers

Synthesis of hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) fibers via electrospinning has been demonstrated, for the first time, in this investigation. The HPC solution in two different solvents, anhydrous ethanol and 2-propanol, has been utilized with two different tip-to-collector distance (10 and 15 cm) for synthesizing HPC fibers by varying applied voltage within the range of 10–30 kV. It has been shown that, nano (<100 nm) and submicron (>100 nm) HPC fibers can be obtained under the described electrospinning conditions. Average HPC fiber diameter and its bead formation tendency appear to be a function of nature of the solvent and the applied voltage. Characteristic features of electrospinning of HPC fibers appear to be in consonance with the established mechanism of polymer fiber formation via electrospinning. Use of electrospun HPC fibers in synthesizing and depositing highly porous network of nano and submicron tin oxide (SnO₂) fibers on microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) device has been demonstrated.     

气流-静电纺丝法制备聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯纳米纤维

采用50%苯酚和50%1,1,2,2-四氯乙烷的混合溶液为溶剂,通过气流-静电纺丝法制备了聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)纳米纤维。利用扫描电镜(SEM),研究了聚合物分子质量、溶液浓度、电压、接收距离(喷丝孔到接收板的距离)对电纺纤维形态结构的影响。结果表明:随着聚合物分子质量和溶液浓度增加,纤维平均直径也随之增加;纤维平均直径随电压的增加而减小;随接收距离的增加,纤维平均直径先减小后增加。最佳工艺条件为:聚合物特性黏度为0.818 dL/g,溶液质量分数为15%,电压为32 kV,接收距离为23 cm,所得PET电纺纳米纤维平均直径为85 nm。     

电纺法制备聚丙烯腈基纳米碳纤维

用电纺法制备了聚丙烯腈（PAN）纳米纤维,用场发射扫描电镜（FESEM）对其形态进行了研究,讨论了不同工艺参数对纤维直径和分散形态的影响。结果发现,纤维直径随着浓度的增加而增大,随着电压升高而减小,接收距离和溶剂类型对纤维直径的影响不大。将形态最好的纤维在240℃下进行活化处理,然后将活化处理过的纤维在氮气氛中煅烧,用FESEM观察了煅烧的纤维直径及形态的变化,红外（IR）分析了纤维化学结构的变化,证实了经900℃煅烧后的纤维为碳纳米纤维。     

The morphology of electrospun polystyrene fibers

Electrospinning is a process of electrostatic fiber formation which uses electrical forces to produce polymer nanofibers from polymer solution. The electrospinning system consists of a syringe feeder system, a collector system, and a high power supplier. The important parameters in the morphology of electrospun polystyrene fibers are concentration, applied voltage, and solvent properties. Higher concentrations of the polymer solution form thicker fibers and fewer beads. When the concentration is 7 wt%, electrospun fibers have an average diameter of 340 nm, but as the concentration of PS increases to 17 wt%, the fiber diameter gradually thickens to 3,610 nm. The fiber morphology under different solvent mixture ratios and solvent mixtures has also been studied.