关于焦作市矿区废弃地复垦工程措施的探讨

结合焦作市矿区的地质情况,从土壤重构、植被重建、配套工程、监测与监管四方面阐述了该矿区废弃地复垦工程采取的措施,以期通过土地复垦工作促进该区域经济的持续发展和生态的良性循环。     

生态脆弱矿区土地复垦与生态重建

本文分析了矿区开采所造成的土地破坏、水环境的影响,以及引发的一系列次生地质灾害。结合安太堡露天矿区的不同区域复垦时间和生态重建的效果,探讨了工程复垦与生态重建技术及其管理途径。     

某水泥建材石灰岩矿露天凹陷开采主要环境地质问题研究

主要介绍了湖南某水泥建材石灰岩矿矿区的地形地貌和地质特征,分析研究了石灰岩露天凹陷开采引发矿区及其周边地表水漏失、地下水位下降、地面塌陷、土地资源破坏和生态环境恶化等系列环境地质问题,提出了科学有序开采、控制开采标高、恢复地下水位、填埋塌陷坑洞、动态复垦土地等综合治理措施恢复矿区周边环境,为矿区今后可持续生产及类似矿区的绿色矿山建设提供借鉴。     

煤矿塌陷地土地复垦规划与设计研究

以山西省东沟煤矿塌陷区为研究区,介绍了该研究区土地复垦规划设计原则,从裂缝充填、土地平整、耕地配套设施等方面,阐述了塌陷地复垦工程设计措施,为同类工程设计提供了参考。     

矿山采空区地质环境三维恢复治理研究——以沙河市赵窑铁矿地质环境治理为例

矿产资源的开发带给社会财富的同时,也在很大程度上损害了人类的生存环境,矿区土地破坏、地质生态环境恶化日益严重。矿山地质灾害治理和矿区土地复垦已成为我国目前面临的两大任务,面对日趋紧张的人类与土地、环境的关系,这两大问题越来越受到国家的重视。文章通过对矿山开采引发的地质灾害的类型、成因进行调查分析,查明停采后潜在的地质灾害类型,提出了"三维"的科学治理模式,为其他同类的地质灾害治理和土地复垦提供理论支撑。     

矿区土地复垦与新农村建设研究

分析了目前我国矿区土地复垦所存在的问题,探讨了土地复垦与新农村建设的关系,指出在新形势下土地复垦应坚持的原则,以达到改善生态环境、增加农民收入的目的。     

矿区土地复垦与生态重建现状及对策

在阐述矿区土地复垦与生态重建意义的基础上，分析了我国矿区土地复垦和生态重建现状中存在的问题，并介绍了相关的对策，以实现经济、社会和生态的可持续发展。     

露天金属矿山土地复垦方向——宜耕宜林的探究

确保露天金属矿山土地复垦工作顺利进行,调整好矿山开发建设与生态保护的关系,达到矿山开发建设和保护生态环境双赢的目的,选取正确的复垦方向是必要的。依据对破坏土地的调查和预测、矿业活动对生态环境影响的分析、土地复垦的要求和破坏的土地进行适宜性评价,对于土地的复垦宜耕宜林方向进行探究,为矿区土地利用规划提供科学依据,为建设资源节约、环境友好型的绿色矿山服务。     

浅谈安丘市土壤利用情况及改良土壤的措施

现阶段农民用地存在着"短视"行为,集中体现在用地与养地上矛盾明显,突出表现在重用轻养,实行掠夺式土地经营通过改变农作物种植结构、栽培方式、施肥方式等,因地制宜采取相应的措施改良土壤性状,提高土壤肥力,增加作物产量。     

矿山土地复垦建设项目投资与管理研究

目前矿山土地复垦建设项目投资尚无相应标准,项目投资主要依据土地开发整理项目的预算标准编制。为此结合多年从事矿山土地复垦项目投资编制和审核的经验,解析矿山土地复垦项目投资,并结合案例阐释矿山土地复垦投资管理的重点和主要措施,为相关类似项目投资管理提供参考。     

煤矿区土地复垦中塌陷预测分析

首先分析了煤矿区地表塌陷原理,然后对煤矿区塌陷预测模型与方法进行了研究,并以河北省峰峰集团有限公司小屯煤矿为例,采用概率积分法进行了塌陷预测。结果表明,小屯矿扩大区拟塌陷破坏土地面积为560.95 hm2,为矿区土地复垦确定了复垦责任范围。     

基于可拓学的采煤塌陷区土地复垦适宜性评价

土地复垦适宜性评价是土地复垦项目决策的依据和前期工作的中心环节,但目前针对采煤塌陷区的适宜性评价尚不多见,同时由于传统的土地复垦适宜性评价方法都含有一定的主观因素,导致评价结果受到影响。因此本文提出基于可拓学的适宜性评价方法,根据采煤塌陷区土地复垦的特点,采用改进的层次分析法和模糊数学理论建立适宜性评价模型。通过塌陷区实例进行分析,得出了土地复垦的适宜性评价结果。研究结果表明该方法对于采煤塌陷区土地适宜性评价具有适用性和合理性,同时可以克服人为因素的影响,从而提高评价精度,充实了土地适宜性评价理论和实践体系。     

重塑矿山工业景观规划实验(之二)——兖矿集团兴隆庄煤矿采空区重建规划设计研究

我国能源结构以煤炭为主的格局短期内不会改变.煤炭生产造成地表塌陷的采空区日益扩大,极大地消耗着我国形势本已严峻的土地资源.一般来说,采空区的利用就是土地复垦、养鱼、绿化等.该文研究采取一定技术措施,利用煤矸石填筑采煤塌陷区作为建筑用地,造基建房,不仅可减少煤矸石污染、占地问题,同时解决采空区内村庄的就地安置难题,变采空区为居住用地,村民不用搬迁.一举多得,为解决兖州矿区的可持续发展、重建矿区生态环境提供了一条重要的技术途径.     

The use of natural processes in reclamation — advantages and difficulties

The damage to soil and vegetation caused by mining, unless prevented by careful planning, is usually extreme, because the original ecosystems have had to be grossly disturbed or buried by the mining process. Radical reconstruction is therefore required. In nature this takes place by the well-known processes of primary succession, without human assistance. In the interest of economy and the maintenance of our natural resources, reclamation should attempt to involve the same processes. But primary succession on raw substrates can take several centuries to complete. This paper attempts to analyse what seem to be the factors that limit the processes involved and how they can be overcome by ameliorative treatments. It examines in particular how long this amelioration will take and how much it is likely to cost. Knowing this we are then be able to include a natural approach in land reclamation effectively.     

Ecological restoration of mineland with particular reference to the metalliferous mine wasteland in China: A review of research and practice

Despite a principal contributor to the rapid economic growth, the mining industry in China produced a large amount of wasteland and caused water pollution and soil erosion as well as other environmental damages. In 2002, this industry generated 265.4 Mt tailings, 130.4 Mt gangue and 107.8 Mt smelting slags. The degraded land associated with mining is estimated to be 3.2 Mha by the end of 2004, deteriorating the land shortage of China. Restoration of mine wasteland began in late 1970s but the restoration process was sluggish. The overall restoration rate (the ratio of reclaimed land area to the total degraded land area) of mine wasteland was some 10-12% with a higher rate for coal mine spoils but a lower rate for metal-mined derelict land. From 1994 to 2004, 149 research papers were published about the restoration of China's mining wasteland, of which 70 were on metal-mined land and 61 on the non-metal-mined land. Although 37 institutions in China were involved in the restoration research, only a few remained active and productive. Metal-mined derelict land is often more metal toxic and deficient of macronutrients and is tougher for revegetation. Many substrate amelioration techniques were proposed and tolerant plant species were tested for use of reclamation of the metal-mined tailings. Five hyperaccumulator species have been reported in China for the potential use in phytoremediation. However, these accomplishments were all at laboratory or small-scale field demonstration stage and still far from the practical use in reality. To accelerate the restoration and utilization of mine wasteland, several recommendations are put forward in this review. Above these suggestions, the commitment and efficiency of the government at all levels are vital.     

焦作矿区煤矸石资源化利用途径分析

以焦作矿区煤矸石为研究对象,采用XRF、XRD研究了煤矸石的化学组成和矿物组成,用HR—ICP—MS、AFS分析了微量元素的含量。结果表明,煤矸石主要化学成分为SiO2和Al2O3,以及Fe2O3、CaO、MgO、Na20、K2O、Ti2O等,矿物组成为石英、高岭石、白云母、方解石及埃洛石。最后,对焦作矿区煤矸石在制备建筑材料、微量元素利用及农业生产等方面的应用进行了评价。     

Ash disposal – mine fires – environment: an Indian dilemma

 The paper discusses the problems of ash disposal from coal combustion in two large coal-mining regions in India. Compared with the United States, India produces some three times the amount of coal ash per million metric tonnes of domestically produced coal, 95% of which is sluiced into gigantic slurry ponds located near urban areas and occupying vast amounts of premium land. The Jharia Coalfield produces some 30 million tonnes/year of ash and contains the world's largest complex of underground coal-mine fires, occupying an aggregate surface area of about 10 km² above which the land surface is extremely degraded. Similarly, the Singrauli Coalfield suffers from the environmental effects of open-cast mining, spoil heaps and an enormous coal combustion ash disposal problem. Ash haulback is proposed as an efficient, cost-effective way of removing significant quantities of ash from the surface/pond disposal and placing it in open-cast and underground mines. In addition to contributing to the control of mine fires and subsidence, it is suggested that this would have numerous beneficial effects in terms of the reclamation of poor-quality/degraded land for sustainable, productive use and the reduction of harmful emissions and substances in populated areas. Received: 26 October 1999 · Accepted: 27 April 2000     

土结相互作用的地基沉降和结构内力计算方法

基础不均匀沉降将在上部结构内产生附加内力,而且地基变形也是随施工过程逐渐累积的过程．然而,常规计算方法既没有充分考虑上部结构、基础、地基之间的共同作用,也没有反映施工过程对结构内力的影响．针对上述问题,笔者推导了施工过程中地基变形和结构内力的计算公式,提出了考虑土结相互作用并模拟施工过程的实现方法．为研究地基变形和结构内力提供了手段,对采动区土地复垦及抗变形建筑物的设计、施工,防止或减轻地基变形对建筑物的损坏等具有重要现实意义．     

采煤塌陷复垦地上房屋地基不均匀沉降的防治

针对建造在采煤塌陷复垦地上的砖砌体不均匀沉降引起的墙体裂缝形式,对其预防方法及采取的治理措施进行了分析探讨,以保证房屋的正常安全使用。