基于FrFT的LFM相参脉冲信号多普勒频率变化率估计算法

线性调频信号(LFM)在雷达中广泛应用,精确获取观测LFM信号中的多普勒频率变化率信息是单站无源定位与跟踪系统的一项关键技术。该文提出了基于分数阶Fourier变换(FrFT)的多普勒频率变化率估计算法,在分数阶变换域上使信号能量聚集,消除调频率对参数估计的影响的同时充分提高了信噪比,进而利用保留的脉冲间相对相位关系获得了多普勒频率变化率的高精度估计。理论分析表明,该算法估计精度接近理论下界,数值仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

低信噪比下LFM- PRBC信号参数的快速估计

为了解决目前算法中线性调频-伪码( LFM- PRBC)信号参数估计计算量较大的问题,提出了一种快速估计算法。该算法采用解线调与分数阶傅里叶变换( FRFT)进行参数的估计。首先对信号进行解线调估计出调频斜率的粗略值,然后由调频斜率确定旋转角,通过FRFT估计出码元宽度的粗略值。根据延时再进行解线调估计出调频斜率的精确值,再通过FRFT估计出码元宽度的精确值与起始频率。该算法不仅计算量较低,同时具有很高的估计精度与很强的抗噪性,仿真实验验证了该算法的有效性。     

ISAR imaging of target with complex motion based on novel approach for the parameters estimation of multi-component cubic phase signal

Inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) imaging of target with complex motion is very important in the radar signal processing domain. In this case, the received signal can be characterized as multi-component cubic phase signal (CPS), and the high quality instantaneous ISAR images can be obtained by the parameters estimation approach. The match Fourier transform (MFT) has been proposed for the parameters estimation of linear frequency modulated (LFM) signal, and it has been used successfully in the field of ISAR imaging. In this paper, the third-order match Fourier transform (TMFT) is proposed as an extension of the traditional MFT for the parameters estimation of cubic phase signal, and the asymptotic statistical performance is analyzed theoretically with the derivation of asymptotic statistical results for the estimated parameters. Finally, the TMFT algorithm is used as a tool for the improvement of inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) images quality of target with complex motion, and the results of simulated and real data validate the effectiveness of the TMFT algorithm.     

一种改进的CPFSK信号频率估计方法

针对突发信号解调中多普勒频偏大的问题,提出了一种改进的连续相位移频键控信号(CPFSK)频率估计方法.首先接收信号平方运算使信号的调制指数加倍,再通过一次离散傅里叶变换(DFT),用搜索信号平方谱谱峰的方法实现突发信号频率估计.仿真实验表明,在低信噪比条件下,该算法的频率估计精度比经典的相位差频率估计算法提高了20%;该算法与广泛用于高动态突发信号的频率插值估计算法相比,同道干扰信道下信干比改善可达4 dB,DFT长度缩短约1/3.     

基于Quinn算法和相位差法的正弦波频率估计综合算法

Quinn算法是正弦波频率估计中应用广泛、计算量小且稳定性较好的算法,但是在低信噪比时当信号频率靠近离散傅立叶变换(DFT)的量化频率时,Quinn算法估计误差较大;而改变窗长相位差法在这种情况下具有较高的估计精度,但当信号频率位于两相邻离散傅立叶变换(DFT)的量化频率中心区域时,其估计误差很大.根据这两者特点,本文提出了一种基于Quinn算法和改进的改变窗长相位差法的正弦波频率估计综合算法,给出理论计算过程及相关误差公式.计算机蒙特卡罗模拟仿真实验和性能分析表明了本文算法在计算量增加不大的情况下,在设定频率范围内能够提高频率估计的精确度和稳定性,其均方误差接近克拉美罗限且具有较低信噪比门限,整体估计性能优于Quinn算法和改变窗长相位差法,具有工程实用价值.     

宽带自相关接收机中的一种频率估计方法

在宽带自相关接收机中,自混频后的信号为正弦信号,本文提出了一种综合算法估计正弦信号的频率.综合算法仅需进行一次FFT和两点DFT运算,其运算量大大低于最大似然估计法,而估计性能却比粗略DFT算法好得多.     

基于小波变换的MSK信号码速率盲估计

针对最小频移键控调制信号的码速率估计问题,提出一种基于Haar小波变换的MSK信号码速率盲估计方法。首先对接收信号作傅里叶变换得到信号频谱,对频谱频点分析粗估计信号的码速率,接着通过粗估计的码速率选取短时傅里叶变换窗函数长度和3个小波尺度,利用短时傅里叶变换得到信号瞬时频率变化,再利用小波的边缘检测特性对信号瞬时频率序列相位跳变点检测,最后对检测结果作频谱分析,估计频率得到MSK信号的码速率。仿真结果表明,高于信噪比门限时本算法可以对MSK信号码速率有效估计。     

基于多通道的跳频信号欠采样频率估计

为实现跳频信号频率跟踪估计,本文提出一种基于多通道的跳频信号欠采样频率估计方法。基于快速傅里叶变换（FFT）,提出了一种3谱线方程的频率校正算法,提高了基于中国余数定理的频率估计方法对短序列信号的频率估计精度,与现有的两种基于离散傅里叶变换（DFT）的频率校正算法相比,序列补零数量灵活。给出了一种频率估计检错机制,可以提高算法可靠性。仿真结果表明,本文所提频率估计算法的精度优于现有算法,增加序列补零数量可进一步提高算法的估计精度和信噪比阈值,降低误差平台;检错机制在-23 dB至8 dB信噪比范围内的准确率高于95.5%。      

An Integral Transform and Its Applications in Parameter Estimation of LFM Signals

This paper proposes a new transform called simplified linear canonical transform (SLCT) that provides a new method for parameter estimation of linear frequency-modulated (LFM) chirp signals embedded in additive white Gaussian noise. The proposed transform is a linear transform and has a more succinct form as compared with the fractional Fourier transform (FRFT). The discrete SLCT with fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm provides a computationally fast choice for LFM signal detection or parameter estimation. Using SLCT and a clean technique, all the components of Multi-LFM signals can be estimated seriatim. Simulations illustrate that the proposed algorithm is more effective than existing ones.     

采用局部特征尺度分解的跳频信号参数盲估计算法

针对现有跳频信号参数盲估计算法存在时间分辨率和频率分辨率矛盾这一问题,提出了一种基于局部特征尺度分解的跳频信号参数估计新算法。该算法将跳频信号迭代地分解成若干个内禀尺度分量并进行降噪处理,然后对其最大瞬时幅度进行小波变换和傅里叶变换即可估计出跳频信号的跳变时刻和跳频周期,最后根据得到的跳变时刻和跳频周期可以进一步估计出跳频频率集。该算法不受时频不确定性原理的影响,能够在未知先验知识的条件下估计出跳频信号的跳周期、跳变时刻和跳频频率集。最后通过仿真验证了算法的有效性。      

星载AIS信号的频偏估计

星载自动识别系统(AIS)中信号存在严重的多普勒频偏,影响信号的正确解调,而传统的基于快速傅里叶变换(FFT)的频偏估计算法其估计范围无法满足需要.为此,提出了一种改进的自相关-FFT频偏估计算法,通过构造辅助函数以确定信号频偏的正负号,在此基础上对基于FFT的频偏估计算法进行改进,从而扩大频偏估计范围,实现对大的多普勒频移的估计.仿真和实验结果均表明,改进算法的频偏估计范围扩大为原来的2倍,具有很高的估计精度,十分接近修正后的克拉美罗界,且算法简单、易于实现.     

在OFDM系统中采用余弦变换的信道估计

提出在OFDM通信系统中采用余弦变换(DCT)实现信道内插估计,同时讨论离散傅氏变换(DFT)、离散哈特莱(DHT)、Hadamard变换等数学方法用于采用导引信号下的信道估计。无需知道信道阶数、噪声功率、多谱勒频移等信道统计特性仍能达到较好的信道估计性能,计算简单。仿真结果表明,余弦变换算法的信道估计在多径干扰、多谱勒频移较大时,仍能正常工作,性能稳定,达到较好的信道估计效果。     

基于局部多项式傅里叶变换的语音盲源分离

频域的语音信号盲源分离多采用短时傅里叶变换以及Wigner-Ville分布(WVD)求信号的功率谱,而短时傅里叶变换对于多分量信号的频率分辨率受窗函数影响很大,WVD是一种非线性时频变换,处理多分量信号受交叉项影响很大。局部多项式傅里叶变换(LPFT)不仅提高了频率估计精度而且大大减少了时频分布中交叉项的影响。将语音信号表示为多分量的多项式相位信号,对语音信号作二阶LPFT,求得其局部多项式傅里叶变换谱(LPP),并构造时频矩阵,采用联合近似对角化算法求得能使信号功率谱矩阵近似对角化的一个酉矩阵,通过信号的白化以及酉矩阵来估计源信号,有效地分离出了原始信号。仿真结果表明,在噪声环境下可以将两个不同的语音信号进行分离。     

高斯白噪声背景下的LFM信号的分数阶Fourier域信噪比分析

目标大机动运动使雷达回波表现为频率和调频率参数均未知的LFM信号。未知参数LFM信号的检测和估计采用分数阶Fourier变换来实现受到越来越多的关注,为此本文着重分析其分数阶Fourier变换的信噪比。首先推导出时限线性调频信号的分数阶Fourier变换模平方,给出了在分数阶Fourier域的峰值点与未知参数的关系,然后研究了附加白噪声LFM信号在分数阶Fourier域的统计特性,确定了其信噪比,并与理想情况(即参数频率和调频率参数已知)下线性相位匹配滤波器的输出信噪比进行了比较。     

An iterative algorithm for single-frequency estimation

An algorithm for the estimation of the frequency of a complex sinusoid in noise is proposed. The estimator consists of multiple applications of lowpass filtering and decimation, frequency estimation by linear prediction, and digital heterodyning. The estimator has a significantly reduced threshold relative to existing phase-based algorithms and performance close to that of maximum likelihood estimation. In addition, the mean-squared error performance is within 0.7 dB of the Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) at signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) above threshold. Unlike many autocorrelation and phase-based methods, the proposed algorithm's performance is uniform across a frequency range of -/spl pi/ to /spl pi/. The computational complexity of the algorithm is shown to be favorable compared with maximum likelihood estimation via the fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm when significant zero-padding is required.     

Phase Noise Correction Based on TPS Symbols for the Chinese DTTB System

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, phase noise (PHN) from oscillator can severely reduce the performance by causing: common phase error (CPE) and inter-carrier interference (ICI). The impact of PHN on received signal can be characterized by the circular convolution of the transmitted signal and the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) of PHN signal in frequency domain. Digital television/terrestrial multimedia broadcasting (DTMB), announced as the Chinese digital television terrestrial broadcasting (DTTB) standard, adopted the time-domain synchronous OFDM system (TDS-OFDM) system which has 36 continuous transmission parameter signaling (TPS) symbols in frequency domain which be used for PHN suppression. Based on a linearized parametric model for PHN, least squared (LS) estimation and fast Fourier transform (FFT) approaching method for PHN correction are proposed in this paper. The effects of the PHN on channel estimation in both TDS-OFDM system and conventional cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM) are also investigated. Simulations show that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the PHN and improve the symbol error rata (SER) of TDS-OFDM systems over both additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) and broadcasting multipath channel. In practice, the FFT-approaching method can be applied to the DTMB receiver-chip design directly with low implementation cost.      

基于分数傅里叶四阶中心矩的尺度差/时差估计

针对大瞬时宽带线性调频信号的时差/尺度差在低信噪比下估计精度下降和算法运算量大的问题。本文利用时频轴旋转、魏格纳分布和模糊函数的关系推导出分数阶傅里叶四阶中心矩和尺度差的关系式,通过寻找两路信号的分数阶傅里叶四阶中心矩在角度域的位置,即可获得尺度差的估计值。将估计的尺度差对一路信号进行伸缩,并计算伸缩后信号与另一接收信号的时域相关,根据相关峰的位置估计出时差,并对本文算法抗噪性进行定性推导。仿真结果表明,相比于分数阶傅里叶尺度变换时差/尺度差估计算法,本文算法提高了在低信噪比下时差/尺度差估计精度,并对算法抗噪性定量分析得出本文算法抗噪性更好。      

基于Gabor变换的超声回波信号时频估计

 在无损检测中,超声回波往往是一个重叠较严重,含有噪声的多回波信号。根据Gabor变换时频分析的特点,该文提出一种基于Gabor变换的超声回波信号时频估计方法。该文建立回波信号与Gabor变换分析窗函数相似度(即距离)模型,通过模型相似度最小化问题转化为求解回波信号Gabor变换系数模的最大值来估计回波信号的传播时间(TOF)和中心频率(CF),最后推导它们的克拉美-罗界(CRLB)以评价算法的性能。Monte Carlo仿真和实验结果表明该文提出的算法,无论对低信噪比的单回波信号或重叠的多回波信号都能达到较高的精度,而且估计的均方误差在高信噪比时,达到CRLB,即使在低信噪比,也接近CRLB。     

一种适用于线性调频信号参数估计的快速DCFT算法

基于FFT和FQPT算法,本文提出一种快速、高效的适用于脉冲噪声环境的修正DCFT算法。该算法较精确地估计线性调频信号的调制斜率和初始频率,且运算量较原DCFT算法有较大幅度降低。计算机仿真表明了算法的有效性。     

The “Harmonic” Rejecting Correlation Function

A classical problem in signal processing is accurate estimation of fundamental frequency/periodicity of periodic signals at low SNR. Typically, researchers address the estimation problem, assuming that the signal environment is a sum of sinusoids in white Gaussian noise. If the signals and noise are pulsed, the situation is much more complex since normal FFT based methods result in spectra which are sums of harmonic structures. Sorting radar signals can be especially difficult since there may be many pulsed signals present in a low SNR impulsive noise environment. In this paper, a method equivalent to integration along a hyperbola on the Wigner distribution is presented. This transform, which is closely related to both the Fourier transform and the correlation function, has the property that a periodic signal produces an expected non-zero complex-valued bulge at only the fundamental. The phase, magnitude and position of the correlation bulge are sufficient to characterize the time-domain pulse train. Finally, a simple super-resolution method is presented which may be used to refine the fundamental frequency/period estimate.