基于氧化锡铟纳米薄膜的圆形晶格光子晶体光纤折射率传感器

为了实现近红外波段的高灵敏度传感,设计并研究了一种基于表面等离子体共振的光子晶体光纤(Surface Plasmon Resonance Photonic Crystal Fiber,SPR-PCF)折射率传感器.该光纤横截面的空气孔排列方式是圆形晶格,呈现出向 日葵形状.光纤包层的外壁淀积了氧化锡铟(Indium T...     

A ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride-coated porous fiber based surface-plasmon-resonance-like gas sensor in the terahertz region

In this paper, a ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-coated porous polymer fiber based surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-like gas sensor is proposed theoretically in the terahertz (THz) region based on the total internal reflection (TIR). In such a sensor, the phase matching is achieved by changing the fiber parameters and the plasmon-like phenomenon at the interface between the ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layer and the gaseous analyte is discussed. Using a fullvector finite-element method, the core-mode loss of the fiber is calculated to measure the resolution of the sensor. The amplitude resolution is demonstrated to be as low as 1.45 × 10⁻⁴ RIU, and the spectral resolution is 1.30 × 10⁻⁴ RIU in THz region, where RIU means the refractive index unit.     

High-sensitivity photonic crystal fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance

In this paper, we propose a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) sensor based on the surface plasmonic resonance (SPR) effect for simultaneous temperature and refractive index (RI) measurement. The coupling characteristics and sensing performance of the sensor are analyzed using the full vector finite element method (FEM). The sensor provides two channels for independent measurement of RI and temperature. When operating independently, channel I supports y-polarized light with a sensitivity of up to 7 000 nm/RIU for detecting RI, while channel II supports x-polarized light with a sensitivity of up to 16 nm/°C for detecting temperature. Additionally, we investigate the influence of gold layer thickness on the sensing performance to optimize the sensor.     

MIM波导内嵌金属板结构Fano共振传感特性

基于法诺(Fano)共振传感特性,提出了一种金属-介质-金属(MIM)波导耦合矩形腔结构,目的是为了实现高灵敏度、高可靠性的折射率传感检测。通过耦合模理论和有限元数值模拟仿真,分析了矩形腔中有无内嵌金属板两种结构的Fano透射光谱特征,并且进一步优化了矩形腔内嵌金属板结构参数,最后阐明了结构参数对其传感特性的内在影响。结果表明,当入射光以TM模式入射到矩形谐振腔时,会形成两个Fano模式共振峰:第一种模式的品质因数(FOM)达9.4×10⁴,灵敏度为700nm/RIU;第二种模式的FOM达8.4×10³,灵敏度为1200nm/RIU。研究结果表明此结构设计实现了双Fano峰检测,同时各个模式品质因数都很高,这为高性能微纳光学折射率传感器的设计提供了一定的理论参考依据。     

Temperature and refractive index sensing characteristics of an MZI-based multimode fiber–dispersion compensation fiber–multimode fiber structure

We proposed an optical fiber sensor with simple multimode fiber (MMF)–dispersion compensation fiber (DCF)–multimode fiber structure based on Mach–Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) and researched its temperature and refractive index (RI) sensing characteristics. The sensing principle is based on the interference between core and cladding modes of DCF due to the large core diameter mismatch. Spectral analyses demonstrate that the transmission spectrum is mainly formed by the interference between the dominant excited cladding mode and core modes. The experimental results show that the proposed sensor has high temperature sensitivity of 0.118 nm/°C in the range of 20–250 °C and RI sensitivity of 66.32 nm/RIU within the linear sensing range of 1.33–1.39 RIU. Therefore, the characteristics of compact size, low cost, easy fabrication, high sensitivities, and good anti-interference ability make this sensor have extensive application prospects.     

Gold‐Nanocluster‐Based Fluorescent Sensors for Highly Sensitive and Selective Detection of Cyanide in Water

A novel, gold‐nanocluster‐based fluorescent sensor for cyanide in aqueous solution, which is based on the cyanide etching‐induced fluorescence quenching of gold nanoclusters, is reported. In addition to offering high selectivity due to the unique Elsner reaction between cyanide and the gold atoms of gold nanoclusters, this facile, environmentally friendly and cost‐effective method provides high sensitivity. With this sensor, the lowest concentration to quantify cyanide ions could be down to 200 × 10^?9 M , which is approximately 14 times lower than the maximum level (2.7 × 10^?6 M ) of cyanide in drinking water permitted by the World Health Organization (WHO). Furthermore, several real water samples spiked with cyanide, including local groundwater, tap water, pond water, and lake water, are analyzed using the sensing system, and experimental results show that this fluorescent sensor exhibits excellent recoveries (over 93%). This gold‐nanocluster‐based fluorescent sensor could find applications in highly sensitive and selective detection of cyanide in food, soil, water, and biological samples.     

基于表面等离子体共振的高灵敏度光纤微流控芯片

设计了一种可嵌入基于表面等离子体共振(SPR)光纤传感器的微流控芯片,可用于溶液浓度的测量。采用具有良好化学惰性的有机聚合材料聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为芯片主体的制作材料,在芯片中微流控通道内采用镀有60 nm金膜的多模光纤-光子晶体光纤-多模光纤(MMF-PCF-MMF)传感结构来激发SPR效应。当注入微流体通道的溶液浓度发生变化时,由于光纤传感部分外部折射率的变化引起SPR谐振谷移动,故该芯片可用于测量溶液浓度。本芯片微流控通道直径为0.2 mm,最高检测灵敏度可达8240.6 nm/RIU,具有便于实时测量、高灵敏度、高可靠性、溶液用量少等特点。     

2D Colloidal Array of Glucose‐Conjugative Conductive Microparticles for a Pressure‐Mediated Chemiresistive Sensor Platform

A platform is introduced for pressure‐mediated chemiresistive glucose sensing based on a 2D array of glucose‐conjugating silver nanowire (AgNW)‐deposited conductive microparticles (AgCMPs). Glucose‐conjugating AgCMPs, as transducers of the sensors, are fabricated by decorating the surface of monodisperse polyurethane elastomeric MPs with AgNWs by layer‐by‐layer deposition. Then, the AgNWs are covalently bonded to 4‐mercaptophenylboronic acid (4‐MPBA) to endow them with chemiresistive glucose sensing property against the applied pressure. The 4‐MPBA‐functionalized AgCMPs are positioned with high accuracy on a hole‐patterned stencil film placed between electrodes. Using this sensor system, it is shown that the current induced by the application of constant pressure to the sensor film at a given supply voltage varies linearly with the glucose concentration before and after critical glucose bridging concentration. Notably, the AgCMP‐based chemiresistive sensors could detect glucose over a wide concentration range from 0.56 × 10^?6 m to 56 × 10^?3 m with remarkable sensitivity and selectivity.     

填充混合液体的光子晶体光纤温度传感研究

为获得高灵敏度光子晶体光纤温度传感,在实心光子晶体光纤（PCF）空气孔中填充氯仿和酒精等高折射率热敏液体的混合物。理论上采用有限元法分析了温度对光纤模场面积和限制损耗的影响。通过调节液体的混合比,使损耗对温度的灵敏度达到最大值,实现了高灵敏度PCF温度传感。实验表明,填充液体的长为4mm的PCF温度传感器,灵敏度经检测...     

Extraordinarily Sensitive and Low‐Voltage Operational Cloth‐Based Electronic Skin for Wearable Sensing and Multifunctional Integration Uses: A Tactile‐Induced Insulating‐to‐Conducting Transition

Electronic skin sensing devices are an emerging technology and have substantial demand in vast practical fields including wearable sensing, robotics, and user‐interactive interfaces. In order to imitate or even outperform the capabilities of natural skin, the keen exploration of materials, device structures, and new functions is desired. However, the very high resistance and the inadequate current switching and sensitivity of reported electronic skins hinder to further develop and explore the promising uses of the emerging sensing devices. Here, a novel resistive cloth‐based skin‐like sensor device is reported that possesses unprecedented features including ultrahigh current‐switching behavior of ≈10⁷ and giant high sensitivity of 1.04 × 10⁴–6.57 × 10⁶ kPa^?1 in a low‐pressure region of <3 kPa. Notably, both superior features can be achieved by a very low working voltage of 0.1 V. Taking these remarkable traits, the device not only exhibits excellent sensing abilities to various mechanical forces, meeting various applications required for skin‐like sensors, but also demonstrates a unique competence to facile integration with other functional devices for various purposes with ultrasensitive capabilities. Therefore, the new methodologies presented here enable to greatly enlarge and advance the development of versatile electronic skin applications.     

基于单模光纤传输的单模-无心-单模光纤型表面等离子体共振传感器（特邀）

光纤表面等离子体共振(SPR)传感器结合了光纤传感器的微型化、可在线传输、易操作和SPR生物检测技术的高灵敏、高选择性、免标记等优势,是当前免疫学生物传感器的研究热点。但传统多模光纤SPR传感器的信号在远距离传输中易损耗、失真。文中提出了一种单模-无心-单模光纤型SPR传感器,能有效减小信号传输中的损耗与失真,且适合与当前的光纤网络衔接。为了消除传感器中的干扰信号,改变无心光纤的芯径,采用去除背景干扰,高斯拟合等方法,最终选取了具有芯径为61.5 μm无心光纤的此类传感器,并从中提取出了有效的SPR光谱信号。传感器的灵敏度为1153.40 nm/RIU,分辨率为1.70×10?4 RIU。此类光纤生物传感器的成功开发,为智慧医疗、远程医疗提供了一种新的思路。     

Design and analysis of a refractive index sensor based on dual-core large-mode-area fiber

We present a novel co-axial dual core large-mode-area (LMA) fiber design for refractive index sensing. In a dual-core fiber there is resonant coupling between the two cores, which is strongly affected by the refractive index (RI) of the outermost region. The transmittance of the fiber, therefore, varies sharply with the refractive index of surrounding medium. This characteristic of the proposed structure has been utilized to design a RI sensor. We have analyzed the structure by using the transfer matrix method. Our numerical results show that the proposed sensor is highly sensitive with the resolution of 2.0 × 10⁻⁶ around n_ex = 1.44376. Effect of design parameters on sensitivity of the proposed sensor has also been investigated.     

单芯光子晶体光纤边孔SPR折射率传感特性研究

为了实现高灵敏的表面等离子体共振（SPR）折射率传感,提出一种基于大纤芯的单芯光子晶体光纤SPR传感结构,采用全矢量有限元方法对其传感特性进行了数值仿真和分析。结果表明,该结构具有比较宽的折射率传感范围（1.36~1.55）,同时具有较高的传感灵敏度,平均传感灵敏度达12139nm/RIU;在折射率1.36~1.42区域,线性传感灵敏度为5646.4nm/RIU,线性度为0.9317;而在折射率1.42~1.57区域,传感灵敏度达到15326.8nm/RIU,线性度为0.98738,传感特性出现明显的线性分段情况。该研究结果为实现高灵敏的光子晶体光纤SPR传感器提供了重要的理论依据。     

Bioinspired Artificial Sensory Nerve Based on Nafion Memristor

Bioinspired artificial haptic neuron system has received much attention in the booming artificial intelligence industry for its broad range of high‐impact applications such as personal healthcare monitoring, electronic skins, and human–machine interfaces. An artificial haptic neuron system is designed by integrating a piezoresistive sensor and a Nafion‐based memristor for the first time in this paper. The piezoresistive sensor serves as a sensory receptor to transform mechanical stimuli into electric signals, and the Nafion‐based memristor serves as the synapse to further process the information. The pyramid‐structured sensor exhibits excellent sensitivity (6.7 × 10⁷ kPa^?1 in 1–5 kPa and 3.8 × 10⁵ kPa^?1 in 5–50 kPa) and durability (>7000 cycles), while the memristor realizes fundamental synaptic functions under low power consumption (10–200 pJ) and remains stable for over 10⁴ consecutive tests. The integrated system can detect tactile stimuli encoded with temporal information, such as the count, frequency, duration and speed of the external force. As a proof‐of‐concept, English characters recognition with high accuracy can be achieved on the system under a supervised learning method. This work shows promising potential in bioinspired sensing systems owing to the high performance, excellent durability, and simple fabrication procedure.     

基于强度检测的HiBi-PCF-FLM温度不敏感应力传感器

提出一种基于强度检测的高双折射光子晶体光纤环镜(HiBi-PCF-FLM,highly birefringent photonic crystal fiber loop mirror)温度不敏感应力传感器。利用PCF对温度的不敏感性,把一小段HiBi-PCF传感光纤插入到FLM中,可实现温度不敏感应力传感。利用应力作用引起FLM透射光谱移动的特性,由DFB激光作为入射光源,使用光功率计检测经过FLM后的透射光强度,实现基于强度检测的应力传感。当输入波长为1547 nm时,作用于PCF应力与经过FLM后透射光强度的关系可拟合为二次函数,其与实验数据的拟合度高达0.9995。     

Rapid Detection of the Biomarkers for Carcinoid Tumors by a Water Stable Luminescent Lanthanide Metal–Organic Framework Sensor

Serotonin (5‐hydroxytryptamine, HT), a neurotransmitter, and its main metabolite 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid (HIAA) are biomarkers for carcinoid tumors. They can be quantitatively detected by a new luminescent sensor based on a water stable lanthanide metal–organic framework (Ln‐MOF). This Ln‐MOF features a (3,4)‐connected topology containing 1D channels occupied by lattice water molecules. Luminescent studies reveal that high luminescence quenching efficiency occurs upon the addition of HT and HIAA. The Ln‐MOF also displays excellent sensitivity with fast response within 1 min, good reusability, and detection limits as low as 0.66 and 0.54 × 10^?6m for HT and HIAA, respectively. In addition, the sensing function exhibits excellent selectivity even in the presence of other neurotransmitters and the main coexisting species in blood plasma and urine.     

A new photonic crystal fiber gas sensor based on evanescent wave in terahertz wave band: design and simulation

In this paper, we present the design of a new photonic crystal fiber （PCF） gas sensor for evanescent-field sensing in terahertz （THz） wave band. This sensor can be used to identify the gas, and its size is very large, so that it is beneficial to fill it with the test substance. Based on simulation, we demonstrate that the gas sensor using PCFs with four noncir- cular large holes in the cladding has high sensitivity and low loss, the confinement loss is less than 0.007 dB/m, and the bending loss is very small. The new PCF gas sensor can detect kinds of gases, for example, if test gas is water va- por, it has obvious absorption peaks in THz band, and the sensitivities of gas sensor are 64% and 73% at 1.097 THz and 0.752 THz, respectively. Due to the ultra-low loss and high sensitivity of the model, the novel steering-wheel structured fiber is very suitable for evanescent-field sensing and the detection of chemical and biological products.     

基于MSM结构的表面等离子体共振光纤折射率传感器

基于表面等离子体共振(SPR)效应,设计了一种基于多模-单模-多模(MSM)结构的光纤折射率传感器。采用光纤熔接的方式构成MSM结构,并且在单模光纤的表面涂覆二氧化钛/银(TiO2/Ag)复合膜构成传感单元。利用FDTD Solutions仿真分析了单模光纤长度与金属膜厚度对传感器性能的影响。结果表明:单模光纤长度越长,共振深度越深;TiO2/Ag复合膜中Ag膜厚度为50nm,TiO2膜厚度为20nm时,传感器性能最优,在1.33~1.41环境折射率范围内,传感器的灵敏度约为6 875nm/RIU。实验结果表明该光纤折射率传感器结构制作工艺简单、灵敏度高。     

Coupling characteristics of the high-polarization dual-core photonic crystal fiber with mixing air holes

A high-polarization dual-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with mixing air holes is designed. The full-vector finite element method and coupled-mode theory are used to investigate the birefringence, coupling length, dispersion characteristics, normalized power and extinction ratio of this fiber. Numerical investigations demonstrate that by changing the structural parameters of the fiber, the birefringence is up to 1.48×10-2 at 1.55 μm, the coupling lengths are 79 μm and 94 μm for x-polarized and y-polarized modes, the fiber has two zero dispersion points, and the dispersion is very flat at the ultra-wide waveband scope from 0.7 μm to 1.7 μm.     

Dynamic Pressure Sensing Study Using Photonic Crystal Fiber: Application to Tsunami Sensing

The present work aims at the study of dynamic pressure sensing using photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for tsunami detection. A distinguishing feature of this work is the use of a PCF sensor for tsunami detection. High-pressure sensitivity along with the negligible temperature sensitivity of the sensor makes it work in a harsh environment like the ocean bottom. First, numerical analysis for various dynamic pressure responses has been carried out and then it is followed by simulation specifically for the case of tsunamis. Results demonstrate that temperature variation in the ocean bottom has very little effect on tsunami detection. The study shows that a PCF-based sensor has the potential to be deployed in the existing tsunami detection systems with the added advantage of simple design.