多功能语音人机接口模块的设计及实现

介绍了多功能语音人机接口模块的设计思想与组成架构,给出了键盘接口、RS232接口、语音录放及液晶显示等单元电路的设计实现方法,着重阐述了语音录放和液晶显示单元电路的设计与实现,并提供了经调试通过的关键程序代码.     

人机对话接口电路设计与实现

语音是人类交往的重要手段,当被应用在电子系统中关键的一点就是人机界面要良好.文中就语音或其他音频信号的人机交互设计了一种实用、良好的接口电路,该电路可以应用到不同的语音智能控制系统中.     

基于STM32的便携式入机界面系统

设计应用于全站仪测量计算的基于STM32处理器的便携式人机界面系统.采用了处理器IO口模拟总线时序和外挂SPI接口Flash存储字库的方法,将字库存储在外部的SPI接口Flash中,在使用时再从字库中查询调出,有效地减少了内部存储器的消耗.完成了基于ARM最新Cortex-M3处理器汉字显示系统的硬件电路设计和软件程序...     

Network control method and human-machine interface design for ISDNmultimedia terminals

A human-machine interface has been created for an integrated services digital network (ISDN) network control unit (I-NUU). I-NUI is a sophisticated terminal device that allows a voice communication channel and two data channels to be connected through an ISDN I-series interface. ISDN communication functions and network control operations were analyzed to determine the required characteristics of I-NCU. I-NCU features the minimum number of control buttons and a liquid crystal display. Visual and audible information are used to keep the operator fully informed about the state of the communication channels     

Fuzzy-associative-memory-based knowledge construction with anapplication to a human-machine interface

A fuzzy knowledge construction method is proposed for application to human-machine interfaces. This paper considers a human movement estimation system to be one of the interfaces. This estimation system transforms human physical movements into qualitative linguistic labels. For example, the degrees of magnitude and speed of the physical movement are represented by qualitative words. It is difficult to construct the transformation knowledge because the relation between the movements and the labels is fuzzy. This paper proposes a method of constructing the knowledge. This proposed method uses a fuzzy associative memory organizing units system and is applied to estimating human sports movements. Experimental results show that the proposed method is suitable for application to human-machine interfaces     

Design of a haptic arm exoskeleton for training and rehabilitation

A high-quality haptic interface is typically characterized by low apparent inertia and damping, high structural stiffness, minimal backlash, and absence of mechanical singularities in the workspace. In addition to these specifications, exoskeleton haptic interface design involves consideration of space and weight limitations, workspace requirements, and the kinematic constraints placed on the device by the human arm. These constraints impose conflicting design requirements on the engineer attempting to design an arm exoskeleton. In this paper, the authors present a detailed review of the requirements and constraints that are involved in the design of a high-quality haptic arm exoskeleton. In this context, the design of a five-degree-of-freedom haptic arm exoskeleton for training and rehabilitation in virtual environments is presented. The device is capable of providing kinesthetic feedback to the joints of the lower arm and wrist of the operator, and will be used in future work for robot-assisted rehabilitation and training. Motivation for such applications is based on findings that show robot-assisted physical therapy aids in the rehabilitation process following neurological injuries. As a training tool, the device provides a means to implement flexible, repeatable, and safe training methodologies.     

英语智能翻译人机界面系统设计与研发

语言翻译智能化是行业科技创新内容,也是英语专业领域研究的重点技术之一。人机界面系统是英语智能翻译器的核心构成,决定着英语语言翻译结构的准确性。本文分析了传统翻译存在的不足,总结智能翻译系统的功能特点,提出翻译人机界面系统设计与研发措施。     

光伏控制逆变一体机的人机接口模块设计

为了将光伏控制逆变一体机的运行参数实时显示出来,本文介绍了基于STC12C5A60S2,JLX12864液晶屏组成的光伏控制逆变一体机的人机接口模块。给出了液晶显示模块的硬件电路,分析了液晶显示控制的软件编程,并在硬件电路中增加了人体红外感应模块,实现液晶屏的背光控制。介绍了液晶模块与光伏控制逆变一体机之间的通信原理及通信软件编程,实现光伏控制逆变一体机工作数据的实时显示,并将数据存放于STC12C5A60S2单片机的EEPROM中,实现断电后的数据保护。此模块已成功应用于光伏控制逆变一体机设备并进行相关实验测试。实验结果表明,人机接口模块可以比较稳定地实时显示光伏控制逆变一体机的运行参数,具有一定的实用价值和参考价值。     

Performance analysis of a safety monitoring system under human-machine interface of safety-presentation type

This paper introduces a safety monitoring system equipped with a cold-standby console display under human-machine interface of safety-presentation type. We analyze probabilistically the performance of the safety monitoring system. A set of order relation is established for unconditional intensities of event modes of the safety monitoring system to show the effectiveness of equipping a standby redundant console display for acquiring plant safety under human-machine interface of safety-presentation type.     

Development a multi-loop modulation method on the servo drives for lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton

This paper proposed a multi-loop modulation method (MMM; 3M) on the servo drives applied for the lower limb rehabilitation exoskeleton (LLRE). This proposed 3M included the current, speed and position 3-loop with the auto-tuning, inertia identifier and external load torque observer. The controller gains by searching the optimal bandwidth and by identifying the inertia of the LLRE system were derived from the 3-loop auto-tuning. The controller gains could be instantly adjusted according to the system's oscillation during the LLRE gait motion. In particular, a concept of the phase margin (PM) was introduced in the calculation of the controller gain to ensure system stability. The proposed method could avoid system turbulence due to the excessive bandwidth. On the other hand, a torque observer and inertia identifier were adopted to compensate the external load. Compared the traditional parameter design method and traditional auto-tuning method with this proposed 3M in terms of tracking error and root mean square error (RMSE), the result showed that this proposed 3M provided better response and stability for gait tracking. Also, this proposed 3M could be adapted to variations in different loads.     

5-Link model based gait trajectory adaption control strategies of the gait rehabilitation exoskeleton for post-stroke patients

Many 4-DOF exoskeleton type robot devices have been widely developed for the gait rehabilitation of post-stroke patients. However, most systems run with purely position control not allowing voluntary active movements of the subject. The lack of intelligent control strategies for variable gait patterns has been a clinical concern of such kind exoskeleton man–machine systems. In this work, we establish a 5-link model for the usual 4-DOF gait rehabilitation exoskeleton type man–machine system and propose a gait trajectory adaption control strategy. A 4-DOF gait rehabilitation exoskeleton prototype is developed as a platform for the evaluation of design concepts and control strategies in the view of improved physical human–robot interaction. The experimental results with eight healthy volunteers and three stroke patients are encouraging.     

简化微处理器与温度传感器之间的接口

数字系统常常需要测量,控制和保持温度,而温度是一个模拟量,如果采用适当的技术和元件,将模拟温度量转化为数字量并不困难。本文介绍了几种简单的微处理器与传感器的接口电路。     

Open-loop control of the freely-swinging paralyzed leg

An experimental model has been used to study issues that are relevant to the use of electrical stimulation to help paralyzed individuals walk. Modulated stimulation sequences for the quadriceps muscles were manually selected using an iterative trial-and-error procedure to cause the knee angle to follow a specific movement pattern (desired trajectory). Four paraplegic subjects were tested before and after an eight-week program in which the quadriceps were exercised daily with electrical stimulation. It was found that 12.6 +/- 2.9 iterations were required to approximate the desired trajectory. The average error of the final match between the actual and desired trajectories was 2.1 degrees +/- 0.7. Repeated responses were extremely consistent; the average difference between successive trials was less than 1 degree in 81 percent of the trials. When the stimulation sequence was repeated every 3 s for 50 cycles, however, there was a progressive degradation in the response, even in exercised legs, that demonstrated the limitations of open-loop control. Stimulus modulation envelopes for all four subjects were similar in shape (although varied in amplitude) indicating that the iterative process can be shortened by starting with an "average" modulation envelope. Stimulation sequences achieved accurate matches of the desired trajectory on subsequent days when adjusted by a simple gain factor. The relevance of these results to multichannel control of walking is discussed.     

Design and control of an exoskeleton for the elderly and patients

Recently, the exoskeletal power assistive equipment, which is a kind of wearable robot, has been widely developed to help human body motion. The exoskeleton for elderly people and patients, however, has some limitations due to the weight and volume of the equipment. In this paper, a tendon-driven exoskeletal power assistive device, exoskeleton for patients and the old by the Sogang University (EXPOS), is proposed as a feasible solution. In case of EXPOS, the caster walker carries heavy items such as motors, drivers, controllers, and batteries so that the weight and volume of the wearable exoskeleton are minimized. The tendon-connecting motors and pulleys of hip and knee generate the assistive power according to the requirement of the users. In this paper, the design concepts of the EXPOS, sensing techniques, and control methods are discussed.     

Surface waves at a plane interface between vacuum and plasma with the magnetostatic field normal to the interface

The characteristics of the surface waves sustained by a plane interface which separates semi-infinite regions of vacuum and magnetoionic medium are investigated for the case in which the magnetostatic field is normal to the interface. It is found that plane surface waves exist if the gyromagnetic frequency is less than the plasma frequency and in the range of frequencies lying between the gyromagnetic frequency and1/sqrt{2}times the upper hybrid resonant frequency. The phase velocity of the surface waves is always less than the velocity of electromagnetic waves in free space, and it decreases monotonically with the increase in the frequency and goes to zero at1/sqrt{2}times the upper hybrid resonant frequency.     

The relationship between the surface EMG and force transients in muscle: Simulation and experimental studies

The surface electromyogrmn (EMG) is an easily measured signal which when quantified by present techniques is a reliable measure of whether a muscle is active, a fairly reliable measure of steady state force and a rather unreliable measure of force transients in muscle. There is a real need for a reliable indicator of dynamic changes in muscle activity for the control of prosthetics, in diagnosis of neuromuscular diseases, in studies of the motor control system and in fundamental studies of muscle mechanics. This paper outlines the principles underlying the development of force and the EMG in muscle. The EMG is a poor estimate of muscle force since it is the result of the linear superposition of biphasic action potentials which result in an interference pattern. This in turn is dependent on the details of the firing intervals for each motor unit, whereas the force is quite insensitive to these details. Experimental results for the human biceps brachii are described in which it was not possible to obtain a consistent estimate of muscle active state from the EMG. An extensive computer simulation was used to explore the relationship between EMG and force under a variety of assumptions. The conclusion is that it is technically impossible to obtain consistent estimates of muscle force (or active state) unless a filter with a time constant of 300 ms is applied to the rectified EMG. This is inconsistent with the estimation of active state for voluntary contractions with observed rise time constants of 30-70 ms. It is susgested that the only solution is to repeat an experiment many times and average the rectified EMG. Unfortunately, in practice it is difficult to repeat certain aspects of voluntary muscular contractions.     

Redundancy resolution of the human arm and an upper limb exoskeleton

The human arm has 7 degrees of freedom (DOF) while only 6 DOF are required to position the wrist and orient the palm. Thus, the inverse kinematics of an human arm has a nonunique solution. Resolving this redundancy becomes critical as the human interacts with a wearable robot and the inverse kinematics solution of these two coupled systems must be identical to guarantee an seamless integration. The redundancy of the arm can be formulated by defining the swivel angle, the rotation angle of the plane defined by the upper and lower arm around a virtual axis that connects the shoulder and wrist joints. Analyzing reaching tasks recorded with a motion capture system indicates that the swivel angle is selected such that when the elbow joint is flexed, the palm points to the head. Based on these experimental results, a new criterion is formed to resolve the human arm redundancy. This criterion was implemented into the control algorithm of an upper limb 7-DOF wearable robot. Experimental results indicate that by using the proposed redundancy resolution criterion, the error between the predicted and the actual swivel angle adopted by the motor control system is less then 5°.     

PC机与DSP串行通信接口设计

详细讨论了全数字感应电机变频调速实验系统中PC机与DSP之间的通信接口设计，提出利用多线程技术实现上位机串口监视，利用虚拟菜单解决DSP侧的参数接收。     

力学传感器与单片机的接口设计

本文介绍一种力学传感器与单片机硬件平台的连接方法,用以实现力学信号的采集、信号的低干扰传输以及模拟信号的数字转化等一系列功能。具体介绍了硬件设备及元件特点,并阐述了硬件的连接方法以及嵌入式系统的编程控制思路。最后通过整个平台的搭接和调试验证了此接口设计的可行性和工作性能。此方法可以应用于力学信号的数字化动态采集,并向PC机等终端设备进行数据的传输,从而完成力学信号的动态描绘和特征分析。