免浸酸铬鞣剂NPC—1的制备及应用研究

本文介绍了免浸酸铬鞣剂NPC－1的制备及应用，提出了免浸酸铬蓝温皮工艺。结果显示，该蓝湿皮粒面细致、革身丰满、收缩温度可达到98℃。     

海宁纳米级高吸收铬鞣助剂取得阶段性成果

近日，由海宁皮革研究院和陕西科技大学科瑞新材料研究所共同研发的“聚合物基蒙脱土纳米复合高吸收铬鞣助剂的制备及其在免浸酸鞣制工艺中的应用”项目在海宁宏昌皮革有限公司进行了中试实验。主要针对在铬吸收率、免浸酸鞣制工艺、无盐排放工艺、皮革湿热稳定性及皮革增强增韧等方面进行研究试验，接下来对皮革败色、废水及污泥中理化指标分析、...     

无盐浸酸与铬鞣

研究了高ｐＨ值铬鞣、无浸酸（助剂）铬鞣、常规浸酸铬鞣及无盐浸酸铬鞣４组鞣前准备条件不同情况下的铬鞣。结果发现无盐浸酸铬鞣后革结合铬（Ｃｒ２Ｏ３）量最大,最小的最高ｐＨ铬鞣。无盐浸酸铬鞣的革有合格的物理性能。     

浸酸铬鞣方法对铬鞣废液直接循环利用性能的影响

对比了常规浸酸、甲基磺酸浸酸、芳香族磺酸无盐浸酸三种浸酸方法对铬鞣效果的影响,研究了三种铬鞣废液直接循环利用过程中废液中铬含量、氯离子等的变化及其对铬鞣效果的影响.结果表明,与常规浸酸-铬鞣工艺相比,甲基磺酸和芳香族磺酸浸酸铬鞣均能使铬鞣废液铬质量浓度从1142 mg/L降低到153.5 mg/L以下;铬鞣废液被直接循...     

减少制革过程中总可溶固形物的改进技术

制革加工过程中产生的总可溶固形物（TDS）约有35％来自于浸酸工序，解决TDS处理难度问题，工厂工艺的革新是必需的。本文研究了两种方法，即浸酸废液循环再利用法及不浸酸铝铬结合鞣法。浸酸废液循环再利用法通过添加恰当的化工材料可使首批浸酸液用于随后的浸酸操作；而不浸酸铝铬结合鞣法使用明矾来降低溶液的pH值以取代传统浸酸方法。因此，浸酸液循环再利用法及不浸酸铝铬结合鞣法可用于克服废液中的TDS及铬带来的污染问题，同时还可获得经济回报。     

二氧化碳超临界流体条件下不同铬鞣条件坯革性能的比较

研究对比了二氧化碳超临界流体(SCF-CO2)条件下及常规条件下浸酸铬鞣、不浸酸铬鞣,及其所得坯革中铬的分布,得革率、坯革厚度以及油脂和孔率等变化情况,得出了在SCF-CO2条件下不浸酸铬鞣是可行的,其坯革面积得率比常规不浸酸铬鞣提高了4.09%;不仅如此,SCF-CO2条件下浸酸铬鞣坯革中的铬分布和孔率,比常规铬鞣所得坯革均有提高,铬在坯革中的分布均匀度几乎提高了3倍,孔率提高了1.27倍等研究成果。     

浸酸绵羊皮的加工

利用英国、北美、澳大利亚、新西兰等不同国家和地区的浸酸绵羊皮加工绵羊服装革、鞋面革和包袋革等不用革品种在我国沿海地区如广东、福建和胶东地区是较为普遍的，如何利用绵羊浸酸皮加工出上乘的相应革品种笔者有如下几点看法： 上乘的蓝湿皮是浸酸绵羊皮生产绵羊服装革、鞋面革等各种类型革的关键。 １．浸酸皮的回水： 进口浸酸绵羊皮一般贮存时间长、为了便于运输，多采用压缩包装。因此，皮极易产生折皱。若在鞣前不注重对折皱的处理，则很容易在鞣后使皮产生各种折痕，从而影响成革的质量和等级。 解决绵羊皮的折痕首先要高度重视浸…     

明矾在不浸酸铝铬结合鞣制工艺上的应用研究

为减少常规浸酸工序中的盐污染，采用单因素试验方法，研究用明矾进行山羊皮不浸酸铝铬结合鞣并取消浸酸工序的可行性，结果表明：5％明矾和5%BCS可使鞣制废液中的BOD5、COD分别减少55％和63％，完全削减了Cl^-的使用，大大节省了铬用量．铬吸收率更高达91％。成革的强度并无变化，但粒面紧实性与染色性能得到了很好的改善。     

鞣后湿操作过程中不浸酸铬鞣革的铬释放研究

通过与常规铬鞣革对比,研究了不浸酸铬鞣革鞣后湿操作中的铬释放情况,同时还研究了不同复鞣剂对不浸酸铬鞣革鞣后铬释放的情况。试验结果表明:不浸酸铬鞣革在鞣后湿加工过程中铬释放总量为2 012.83mg/L,与常规铬鞣革相比减少了30.67%;尤其是中和过程中脱铬量仅为常规铬鞣革的32.55%;丙烯酸类复鞣剂、氨基树脂类复鞣剂可以明显降低不浸酸铬鞣在鞣后湿加工过程中的铬释放,其中大分子丙烯酸复鞣剂复鞣过程中铬释放量减少了79.93%。总之,不浸酸铬鞣剂可以与皮胶原蛋白牢固结合,从而降低皮革在鞣后湿操作过程中铬的释放量。     

无盐浸酸及助剂的研究

本文从裸皮在酸性条件下的膨胀原理出发，研制浸酸助剂，使裸皮在酸性条件下不膨胀而达到无盐浸酸的目的。试验研究发现，浸酸助剂可包括两个组分：一是用于封闭氨基、抑制酸膨胀：另一组分是助渗剂，以保证前者渗透均匀、深入，避免在表面收敛过强。根据试验确定了两组分的比例，结果表明，使用２５％～２７％的浸酸助剂（以碱皮重计），不仅可以免去食盐的使用，而且可以较好的分散纤维，同时增加铬的吸收，减少中性盐及铬的排放。使用浸酸助剂不改变常规工艺，制造的蓝湿革皮也不改变铬鞣革的特征。     

Dialdehyde Starch Hydrazones: Preparation and Properties of Cationic Dispersions

Cationic dialdehyde starch (DAS) dispersions have been prepared in water at 15% concentration by a new cooking procedure. A stable fluid form of cationic DAS, a wet- and dry-strength agent for paper, should facilitate commercial use. Cationic DAS dispersions of pH 3.0 stored in polyethylene containers at 25°C or below were unchanged after 6 months; other storage conditions were also evaluated. An unexpected benefit of the new preparative conditions was a 40% reduction of cationizing agent, betaine hydrazide hydrochloride, without loss of effectiveness. Further savings may be possible by blending cationic DAS with unmodified starch; wet- and dry-strength improvements were maintained in paper with a blend containing 33% unmodified starch and 67% cationic DAS.     

Starch Xanthide in Pilot Paper Machine Trials

Starch xanthate, an inexpensive water-soluble derivative of starch, was oxidatively converted to the insoluble xanthide and evaluated on a pilot paper machine as a wet- and dry-strength additive for unbleached kraft paper. Pilot data are compared with data reported previously that were obtained in laboratory evaluations. Differences observed in xanthide effectiveness on scale-up from laboratory to pilot evaluations are described, and the variables responsible identified.     

Carbamoylethyl Wheat Flour as a Wet- and Dry-Strength Agent for Paper

Unbleached kraft paper exhibiting a ten- to fifteenfold increase in wet-tensile strength accompanied by substantial increases in burst, dry-tensile strength and folding endurance was obtained from the use of hypochlorite-treated carbamoylethyl wheat flour as a wet-end additive. Results with bleached kraft pulps were less spectacular but still good. Such variables as pH of the carbamoylethyl wheat flour (CEWF) paste before hypochlorite treatment, pulp type and freeness, drying and curing temperature of the treated paper and the amount of CEWF influence strength properties of paper. A pH of 2 was optimum for treatment of aqueous CEWF pastes with hypochlorite. Unbleached kraft pulp having a Canadian Standard freeness (CSf) of about 500 ml produced paper exhibiting the best overall strength properties. Maximum wet- and dry-tensile strength was imparted to unbleached kraft handsheets dried at 105°C for 15 min. Strength properties increased as level of addition increased from 0.25 to 5%. Addition of CEWF at a 2% level to unbleached kraft furnishes gave handsheets exhibiting wet- and dry-tensile strength as high as 3340 and 10,510m, respectively, as compared with corresponding values of 240 and 6980 m for the control. Hypochlorite-treated CEWF was comparable to carbamoylethyl starch in imparting wet-strength properties to unbleached kraft paper.     

改性PAE湿强剂的合成与应用

用改性剂M改性聚酰胺多胺环氧氯丙烷（PAE）树脂，制备了五组不同的PAE树脂，做了一系列的抄纸试验。通过对试验的分析确定了#4制备方案是最佳方案。其加入量为0．5％时，湿强效果对苇浆达到28．05％，对桉木浆达到50．18％；改性PAE树脂对阳离子松香胶有很好的增效作用，可以在中性和弱酸性条件下施胶．     

A Dynamic Test for Kinetic Models of Chemical Changes During Processing: Ascorbic Acid Degradation in Dehydration of Potatoes

A method was developed for kinetic-model parameter estimation using data obtained from processes with known dynamic stress paths. The utility of the method was demonstrated for the case of modeling of ascorbic acid degradation during air drying of potatoes. Potato discs were dried under a variety of conditions using a laboratory-scale tray-dryer with wet- and dry-bulb temperature control. Ascorbic acid concentration was monitored as a function of time along with average moisture content and temperature. These data obtained under dynamic conditions were used to estimate optimal parameters in a kinetic model describing the rate of degradation of ascorbic acid as a function of temperature, moisture content, time, and ascorbic acid concentration.     

Dressed in Blue: The Impact of Woad on English Clothing,c. 1350–c. 1670

Abstract

This paper seeks to explore the changing importance of blue colours, blue dyes and woad in particular in England in the late Middle Ages and early modern period. It does so by considering six themes — the popularity and fashionability of blue; blue and its significance within the Order of the Garter; blue as a colour worn by the lower social groups and its association with poverty and livery; colour symbolism of blue; blue and court entertainments; blue and the liturgy — but it will start with a review of blue colours and blue dyes.     

复合酶与制革常用酶软化蓝湿革的研究

以自行研制的复合酶和制革常用的AS1 3 98酶、胰酶、 1 66酶、 5 3 7酶为软化剂 ,研究了酶软化对蓝湿革纤维结构、铬含量、收缩温度 ,以及最后得到的成革的外观、手感、面积和物理性能的影响 ,并进行比较。研究结果表明 :这几种酶软化蓝湿革对最终的铬含量和收缩温度没有不利影响 ,复合酶和 5 3 7酶软化后的蓝湿革的纤维编织 ,较未经软化的蓝湿革要松散 ,其余 3种酶软化对蓝湿革的纤维结构没有明显的影响。这几种酶中 ,复合酶的软化效果最好 ,用其软化蓝湿革 ,可以得到粒面细致均匀 ,手感明显比空白样柔软的成革 ,成革的伸长率也显著提高 ;其次是 5 3 7酶 ,而经AS1 3 98酶、胰酶、 1 66酶软化的蓝湿革制得的成革的粒面较粗 ,手感与未经软化的试样比较无明显差别 ,伸长率下降。无论用何种酶软化蓝湿革 ,都会降低最后所得成革的抗张强度和撕裂强度     

大豆蛋白复合纤维/PTT微胶囊分散染料/酸性染料一浴一步法染色

采用微胶囊分散蓝2BLN和酸性深蓝5R对大豆蛋白复合纤维/PTT混纺织物进行一浴一步法染色,探讨了染色温度、pH值和染料用量对微胶囊分散蓝2BLN与酸性深蓝5R对大豆蛋白复合纤维/PTT混纺织物一浴一步法染色后染色织物的表观色深K/S值的影响,同时用单分散染料和单酸性染料对大豆蛋白复合纤维/PTT混纺织物染色作为对比,测定了不同染色工艺对染色织物牢度的影响。结果表明:当染料总用量为2%(owf),染色pH值为5,95℃条件下保温30 min时,可使大豆蛋白复合纤维/PTT混纺织物获得较高的K/S值,染色织物的水洗牢度和摩擦牢度均在3～4级。     

刍议南通传统蓝印花布及其在现代社会的价值

南通蓝印花布是我国传统的民间手工艺品,有着悠久的历史.南通传统蓝印花布由于花纹清新、蓝白分明、朴素美观,广受人们喜爱.介绍了南通传统蓝印花布这一民间工艺品的历史渊源,并从工艺特点、图案的题材和寓意等方面进行了深入阐释,在此基础上,对南通传统蓝印花布的现代社会价值进行了分析,指出唯有创新才能延续其具有深厚文化底蕴的人文价值,只有设计创新才能使其具有更好的商业价值和发展前景.     

青花纹饰元素在革制品设计领域的运用

对青花瓷、青花元素进行梳理与分析,并简要讨论了青花瓷在唐、元两代的起源和发展;通过对青花元素在服饰品设计领域的案例分析,指出青花元素在国内外应用概况与设计难点;重点探讨了青花元素在鞋类设计领域与不同元素、材料、工艺的结合运用,并展望了青花元素在服饰领域的发展趋势,指出青花与革制品设计的结合应是传统与现代交融,复古与时尚并存的态势。