基于贝叶斯网络的态势估计研究

作为一种知识表示和进行概率推理的框架,贝叶斯在具有内在不确定性的推理和决策问题中得到了广泛的应用.分析了使用贝叶斯网络进行态势估计知识表示问题,提出了构建贝叶斯网络进行态势估计的步骤,分析了态势估计系统事件的层次.最后,给出一个具体的实例,演示了使用贝叶斯网络进行态势估计的过程.     

多实体贝叶斯网络在态势估计中的应用研究

介绍了多实体贝叶斯网络(MEBN)理论,给出了实体片断及多实体规则形式化的定义,分析了在态势估计中使用多实体贝叶斯网络进行知识表示和态势推理的问题.给出一个具体的实例,演示了使用多实体贝叶斯网络进行态势估计的过程.     

贝叶斯网络在战术态势估计中的应用

战场态势估计是指挥决策的基础,如何进行合理的态势估计是当前战场指挥系统中最重要的组成部分;作为一种知识表示和进行概率推理的框架,贝叶斯网络在具有内在不确定性的推理和决策问题中得到了广泛的应用;因果推理是态势估计中的一个重要环节,用贝叶斯网络找出态势假设和事件之间的潜在关系,正是态势估计所需完成的功能;根据态势与事件之间不同的连接关系建立态势估计的贝叶斯网络模型,介绍贝叶斯网络推理算法和步骤,并给出实例仿真;结果表明,将贝叶斯网络用于态势估计,能够进行推理得到完整的战场态势信息,为决策提供依据。     

态势估计贝叶斯网络的面向对象知识表示方法

知识表示是大规模贝叶斯网络的一个难题。论文以Koller提出的面向对象贝叶斯网络为基础,讨论态势估计贝叶斯网络的面向对象知识表示方法,并以关系数据库实现网络的存储与访问。     

基于变参数动态贝叶斯网的态势评估

针对态势估计系统建立过程中不确定性的知识表示问题,探讨了采用变参数动态贝叶斯网络进行态势评估的方法的必要性和可行性,构建了一种自适应变参数动态贝叶斯网的态势评估系统,提出了基于变参数动态贝叶斯网络的态势评估优化算法,利用数据挖掘技术实现了态势评估变参数的学习;实验结果表明该方法可以通过实时数据动态地修改、完善评估知识库及模型库的信息,使评估模型自适应战场形势的变化,以获得更准确评估结果.     

基于贝叶斯网络的博弈融合态势评估方法

贝叶斯网络作为一种知识表示和进行概率推理的方法,在不确定性推理决策问题中得到了广泛的应用.针对态势评估系统需要对大量不确定性知识进行处理的情况,利用贝叶斯网络技术,结合博弈论的思想,提出了一种博弈融合态势评估的新算法,并以一个实例来说明该算法计算过程的可行性,指出了贝叶斯网络在实际应用中存在的问题.     

贝叶斯网络在态势估计中的应用

战场态势分析是指挥决策的基础,如何进行合理的态势估计是当前战场指挥系统中最重要的组成部分。该文介绍了贝叶斯网络推理算法,分析了态势估计问题的本质特征和推理模式。提出了将贝叶斯网络用于态势估计,建立态势估计推理模型,该模型能够进行融合推理得到完整的战场态势信息,为决策提供依据。     

动态贝叶斯网络在战术态势估计中的应用*

针对战术态势估计的特点和要求,分析和建立了应用于态势估计的动态贝叶斯网络模型。该模型以离散变量集为研究对象。由于该动态贝叶斯网络满足Markovian特性和平稳特性,降低了网络的复杂度。相比较于贝叶斯网络模型,该动态贝叶斯网络模型考虑了时序因素,将前时刻的态势因素作为当前时刻态势估计的证据的一部分,并能对下一时刻的态势进行预测。文中采用集树（junction tree）算法,利用相关的贝叶斯网络推理软件进行了实验,实验结果表明基于动态贝叶斯网络的估计结果较贝叶斯网络的估计结果好,验证了该模型的有效性。     

直升机任务效能评估系统的态势估计方法研究

现代战争环境越来越复杂,态势瞬息万变,针对战场的复杂性和信息的不确定性,迫切需要实时的,准确的信息来辅助指挥员进行决策.为此阐述了态势估计的内容和实现方法,并应用贝叶斯网络技术建立了态势估计模型,对当前战场态势进行了初步评估,通过对已建立的网络模型进行态势推理,演示了应用贝叶斯网络进行态势估计的过程,为直升机任务效能评估系统提供了有利高效的估计结果,为指挥者提供了有效的决策信息.     

实现态势估计的一种模板匹配算法

态势估计可归为一个多假设动态分类问题。如何找到态势假设和发生事件间的关系，是态势估计系统需要解决的问题。本文讨论了基于模式的态势知识库的建立，给出了一种基于模板匹配的知识推理算法，并运用专家系统工具CLIPS实现了事件／活动、军事计划的模板表示及推理，表明了使用模板匹配的方法求解态势估计问题的可行性。     

贝叶斯网在态势评估中的应用

作为一种知识推理和进行概率推理的框架,贝叶斯网络在具有内在不确定性和决策问题中得到了广泛的应用。因果推理是态势评估中的一个重要环节,用贝叶斯网找出态势假设和事件之间的潜在关系,正是态势评估所需完成的功能。根据态势与实践之间不同的连接关系建立了态势评估的贝叶斯网络模型,并分别介绍了相应的信息传播算法,最后一个实例来说明该网络的计算过程。     

贝叶斯网络推理的研究与分析

贝叶斯网络是人工智能中不确定知识表示和推理的有力工具。介绍了贝叶斯网络的概念,给出一个实例,分析了贝叶斯网络推理的方法和过程。     

Complex Probabilistic Modeling with Recursive Relational Bayesian Networks

A number of representation systems have been proposed that extend the purely propositional Bayesian network paradigm with representation tools for some types of first-order probabilistic dependencies. Examples of such systems are dynamic Bayesian networks and systems for knowledge based model construction. We can identify the representation of probabilistic relational models as a common well-defined semantic core of such systems.Recursive relational Bayesian networks (RRBNs) are a framework for the representation of probabilistic relational models. A main design goal for RRBNs is to achieve greatest possible expressiveness with as few elementary syntactic constructs as possible. The advantage of such an approach is that a system based on a small number of elementary constructs will be much more amenable to a thorough mathematical investigation of its semantic and algorithmic properties than a system based on a larger number of high-level constructs. In this paper we show that with RRBNs we have achieved our goal, by showing, first, how to solve within that framework a number of non-trivial representation problems. In the second part of the paper we show how to construct from a RRBN and a specific query, a standard Bayesian network in which the answer to the query can be computed with standard inference algorithms. Here the simplicity of the underlying representation framework greatly facilitates the development of simple algorithms and correctness proofs. As a result we obtain a construction algorithm that even for RRBNs that represent models for complex first-order and statistical dependencies generates standard Bayesian networks of size polynomial in the size of the domain given in a specific application instance.     

基于贝叶斯网络的军事工程毁伤评估模型研究

应用贝叶斯网络理论在解决不确定性事件方面的推理优势,提出了基于贝叶斯网络的军事工程毁伤评估新方法。根据军事工程毁伤评估的系统特征与要求,提出了分解、转换、综合的系统建模规则,并引入贝叶斯网络原理,建立了运用贝叶斯网络进行军事工程毁伤评估系统建模的分析框架;在确定军事工程毁伤评估网络节点变量的基础上,以仿真计算数据为样本,确定网络结构和网络参数,寻找隐含的概率依赖关系和知识表达,构建军事工程毁伤评估置信模型。通过实例验证了用贝叶斯网络进行军事工程毁伤评估与推理的有效性。     

A framework for the analysis of dynamic processes based on Bayesian networks and case-based reasoning

Bayesian networks are knowledge representation schemes that can capture probabilistic relationships among variables and perform probabilistic inference. Arrival of new evidence propagates through the network until all variables are updated. At the end of propagation, the network becomes a static snapshot representing the state of the domain for that particular time. This weakness in capturing temporal semantics has limited the use of Bayesian networks to domains in which time dependency is not a critical factor. This paper describes a framework that combines Bayesian networks and case-based reasoning to create a knowledge representation scheme capable of dealing with time-varying processes. Static Bayesian network topologies are learned from previously available raw data and from sets of constraints describing significant events. These constraints are defined as sets of variables assuming significant values. As new data are gathered, dynamic changes to the topology of a Bayesian network are assimilated using techniques that combine single-value decomposition and minimum distance length. The new topologies are capable of forecasting the occurrences of significant events given specific conditions and monitoring changes over time. Since environment problems are good examples of temporal variations, the problem of forecasting ozone levels in Mexico City was used to test this framework.     

A Bayesian network approach to assess and predict software quality using activity-based quality models

ContextSoftware quality is a complex concept. Therefore, assessing and predicting it is still challenging in practice as well as in research. Activity-based quality models break down this complex concept into concrete definitions, more precisely facts about the system, process, and environment as well as their impact on activities performed on and with the system. However, these models lack an operationalisation that would allow them to be used in assessment and prediction of quality. Bayesian networks have been shown to be a viable means for this task incorporating variables with uncertainty.ObjectiveThe qualitative knowledge contained in activity-based quality models are an abundant basis for building Bayesian networks for quality assessment. This paper describes a four-step approach for deriving systematically a Bayesian network from an assessment goal and a quality model.MethodThe four steps of the approach are explained in detail and with running examples. Furthermore, an initial evaluation is performed, in which data from NASA projects and an open source system is obtained. The approach is applied to this data and its applicability is analysed.ResultsThe approach is applicable to the data from the NASA projects and the open source system. However, the predictive results vary depending on the availability and quality of the data, especially the underlying general distributions.ConclusionThe approach is viable in a realistic context but needs further investigation in case studies in order to analyse its predictive validity.     

Using Bayesian Networks to Manage Uncertainty in Student Modeling

When a tutoring system aims to provide students with interactive help, it needs to know what knowledge the student has and what goals the student is currently trying to achieve. That is, it must do both assessment and plan recognition. These modeling tasks involve a high level of uncertainty when students are allowed to follow various lines of reasoning and are not required to show all their reasoning explicitly. We use Bayesian networks as a comprehensive, sound formalism to handle this uncertainty. Using Bayesian networks, we have devised the probabilistic student models for Andes, a tutoring system for Newtonian physics whose philosophy is to maximize student initiative and freedom during the pedagogical interaction. Andes’ models provide long-term knowledge assessment, plan recognition, and prediction of students’ actions during problem solving, as well as assessment of students’ knowledge and understanding as students read and explain worked out examples. In this paper, we describe the basic mechanisms that allow Andes’ student models to soundly perform assessment and plan recognition, as well as the Bayesian network solutions to issues that arose in scaling up the model to a full-scale, field evaluated application. We also summarize the results of several evaluations of Andes which provide evidence on the accuracy of its student models.This revised version was published online in July 2005 with corrections to the author name VanLehn.