Effect of rhenium doping on various physical properties of single crystals of MoSe2

正Effect of rhenium doping is examined in single crystals of MoSe_2 viz.MoRe_(0.005)Se_(1.995), MoRe_(0.001)Se_(1.999) and Mo_(0.995)Re_(0.005)Se_2,which is grown by using the direct vapor transport(DVT) technique. The grown crystals are structurally characterized by X-ray diffraction,by determining their lattice parameters a and c,and X-ray density.Also,the Hall effect and thermoelectric power(TEP) measurements show that the single crystals exhibit a p-type semiconducting nature.The direct and indirect band gap measurements are also undertaken on these semiconducting materials.     

Ag掺杂对TiO2薄膜光学性能的影响

氧化钛(TiO₂)作为一种重要的半导体材料可应用于多个领域。实验通过溶胶-凝胶旋 涂 法,分别用钛酸丁酯(Ti(OC₄H₉)₄)提供钛源、硝酸银(AgNO₃)提供银源,制备了TiO ₂的本征 和Ag单掺的薄膜样品。样品的结构、表面形貌及光学性能分别采用X射线衍射仪(X-ray diffractometer,XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(scanning electron microscope,SEM)、紫外- 可见分光光 度计(ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer,UV-Vis)进行分析、表征。结果表明: 所制备的样 品均为锐钛矿相且沿(101)晶面取向择优生长。与本征TiO₂相比,Ag⁺的掺杂并没有改变 衍 射峰的峰位或出现杂峰,样品的晶粒尺寸相对减小、晶面间距及半高宽均有所增大;样品的 表面得到修饰,缺陷减少,变得更为致密、均匀、晶粒之间的排列更加有序;样品的吸收边 出现红移的现象,带隙能减小。当Ag⁺掺杂量为1.5 at%时,样品的性能相对较好,表现为 (101) 衍射峰最为尖锐,晶粒尺寸最小,薄膜间的孔隙最少,禁带宽度最小为3.476 eV。     

Optical and electrical properties of electrochemically deposited polyaniline-CeO2 hybrid nanocomposite film

This paper reports the optical and electrical properties of electrochemically deposited polyaniline (PANI)-cerium oxide (CeO2) hybrid nano-composite film onto indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass substrate. UV–visible spectroscopy and I-V characteristic were performed to study the optical and electrical parameters of the electrochemically deposited film. The film exhibited a strong absorption below 400 nm (3.10 eV) with a well defined absorbance peak at around 285nm (4.35 eV). The estimated band gap of the CeO2 sample was 3.44 eV and this value is higher than bulk CeO2 powder (Eg = 3.19 eV) due to quantum confinement effect.     

Effect of Co doping on structural, optical, electrical and thermal properties of nanostructured ZnO thin films

Nanocrystalline Zn1-x CoxO(where x varies from 0 to 0.04 in steps of 0.01) thin films were deposited onto glass substrate by the spray pyrolysis technique at a substrate temperature of 350 ℃. The X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the formation of hexagonal wurtzite structure. The crystal grain size of these films was found to be in the range of 11–36 nm. The scanning electron micrographs show a highly crystalline nanostructure with different morphologies including rope-like morphology for undoped ZnO and nanowalls and semispherical morphology for Co-doped Zn O. The transmittance increases with increasing Co doping. The optical absorption edge is observed in the transmittance spectra from 530 to 692 nm, which is due to the Co2C absorption bands corresponding to intraionic d–d shifts. The direct and indirect optical band gap energies decrease from 3.05 to 2.75 eV and 3.18 to 3.00 eV, respectively for 4 mol% Co doping. The electrical conductivity increases with increasing both the Co doping and temperature, indicating the semiconducting nature of these films. The temperature dependence thermal electromotive force measurement indicates that both undoped and Co-doped ZnO thin films show p-type semiconducting behavior near room temperature. This behavior dies out beyond 313 K and they become n-type semiconductors.     

La_2O_3掺杂对Mn-Co-Ni系NTC热敏电阻材料性能的影响

采用传统陶瓷工艺制备了Mn1.6Co0.8Ni0.6O4–xLa2O3(x=0,0.01,0.03,0.05,0.07)系列NTC热敏电阻样品,运用XRD、SEM和电性能测试等手段,研究了La2O3掺杂对样品相结构和电性能的影响。结果表明:所制掺杂样品均由尖晶石相和钙钛矿相组成,其中钙钛矿相的名义组成可用化学式La(Mn-Co-Ni)O3表示,随着La2O3掺杂量x由0增加到0.07,Mn-Co-Ni系NTC热敏电阻材料的电阻率由643.cm增加到912.cm,相反地材料常数B值却由3 464 K减小到3 393 K。     

Photo-induced doping effect and dynamic process in monolayer MoSe2

Dynamic processes of electron transfer by optical doping in monolayer MoSe₂ at 6 K are investigated via measuring time resolved photoluminescence (PL) traces under different excitation powers. Time-dependent electron transfer process can be analyzed by a power-law distribution of t^−α with α = 0.1–0.24, depending on the laser excitation power. The average electron transfer time of approximately 27.65 s is obtained in the excitation power range of 0.5 to 100 μW. As the temperature increases from 20 to 44 K, the energy difference between the neutral and charged excitons is observed to decrease.     

Electrical properties of CuInSe2 single crystals

Various bulk electrical properties and device characteristics have been measured. It has been shown that the majority carrier type is dependent on crystal stoichiometry. Mobilities of 660 cm²/V sec and 30 cm²/V sec have been measured for n-and p-type samples, respectively. Rectifying contacts and p-n junctions have been investigated by small signal analysis and the associated doping levels and equilibrium band diagrams have been determined. Photovoltage measurements on rectifying contacts have shown that the band-gap has a value of 0.95 ± 0.01eV.     

Bi_2O_3和Sb_2O_3的预复合对ZnO压敏电阻性能的影响

采用固相法对Bi2O3和Sb2O3进行了预复合,并研究了不同比例的Bi2O3与Sb2O3预复合对ZnO压敏电阻致密度,晶粒结构和电学性能的影响。结果表明:当Bi2O3与Sb2O3的摩尔比为0.7:1.0时,ZnO压敏电阻的综合性能最优,其晶粒生长得最为均匀致密,电位梯度达到361V/mm,非线性系数为86,漏电流密度为7×10–8A/cm2;另外,在耐受5kA电流下的8/20μs脉冲电流波后,其残压比和压敏电压变化率分别为2.6和2.5%。     

Structural, optical and electrical properties of SnxSy thin films grown by spray ultrasonic

Tin sulfide(Sn_xS_y) thin films were prepared by a spray ultrasonic technique on glass substrate at 300℃. The influence of deposition time t=2, 4, 6, 8 and 10 min on different properties of thin films, such as(XRD), photoluminescence(PL) and(UV) spectroscopy visible spectrum and four-point were investigated. X-ray diffraction showed that thin films crystallized in SnS₂, SnS, and Sn₂S₃ phases, but the most prominent one is SnS₂. The results of the(UV) spectroscopy visible spectrum show that the film which was deposited at 4 min has a large transmittance of 60% in the visible region. The photoluminescence spectra exhibited the luminescent peaks in the visible region, which shows its potential application in photovoltaic devices. The electrical resistivity(ρ) values of Sn_xS_y films have changed from 8.1×10^-4 to 1.62Ω·cm with deposition time.     

用热蒸发法制备的Cu2ZnSnS4 薄膜的光电性能

在室温下用真空热蒸发法在玻璃基片上制备Sn/Cu/ZnS 前躯体膜层,然后对其在550C 下在硫气氛中硫化3小时以制得Cu₂ZnSnS₄ (CZTS) 多晶薄膜。对该薄膜进行X射线衍射（XRD）、能量色散X射线光谱（EDX）、紫外可见近红外分光光度计、霍尔测量系统和3D光学显微镜等分析测试。实验结果表明,当[Cu]/([Zn] [Sn]) =0.83和[Zn]/[Sn] =1.15时,该CZTS薄膜在光子能量范围在1.5 - 3.5 eV 时其吸收系数大于4.010₄cm_-1 ,直接带隙为1.47 eV。其载流子浓度、电阻率和迁移率分别为7.9710₁₆ cm_-3, 6.06 Ω.cm, 12.9 cm₂/(V.s), 导电类型为p型。因此,所制备出的CZTS 薄膜适合作为太阳电池的吸收层材料。     

Controllable molecular doping in organic single crystals toward high-efficiency light-emitting devices

Organic single-crystalline semiconductors have drawn significant attention in the area of organic electronic and optoelectronic devices due to their superiorities of highly ordered structure, high carrier mobility and low impurity content. Molecular doping technique has made great progress in improving device performance via optimizing the optical and electrical properties of organic semiconductors. In particular, this technique has been attempted by taking fluorescent dye-molecules as the emissive dopants to tune emission color and improve device performance of organic single crystals. Up to now, there are few reports about the use of molecular doping in organic single crystals to optimize their intrinsic electrical properties. Here, we have introduced the controllable molecular doping as a feasible approach toward manipulating charge carrier transport properties of organic single crystals. Upon optimization of doping concentration, balanced carrier transport can be realized in 5,5′-bis(4-trifluoromethyl phenyl) [2,2’] bithiophene (P2TCF₃)-doped 1,4-bis(4-methylstyryl) benzene (BSB–Me) crystals. Organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) based on these doped crystals achieve a maximum luminance of 423 cd/m² and current efficiency of 0.48 cd/A. It demonstrates that high-efficiency crystal-based OLEDs are of great significance for the development of organic electronics, especially for display and lighting applications.     

Preparation and physical properties of lanthanum-modified Srl-xBaxNb2O6, ferroelectric crystals

The growth parameters and some physical properties of lanthanum-modified strontium barium niobate crystals, grown by the Czochralski method, have been investigated. Crystals were grown from melts having lanthana, La₂O₃ concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 1.50% (by weight;, the Sr to Ba ratio was one. Knoop microhardness was measured as a function of La content and the hardness was found to decrease with increasing La content. Room temperature compressive strength measurements were also made. None of the samples tested exhibited yielding. Fracture stresses did not change in a sensible manner as a function of La content. Lattice parameter measurements were made using x-ray diffraction and showed that the ‘c’ parameter decreased while the ‘a’ parameter increased slightly with increasing La content.     

Correlation between the structural, morphological, optical, and electrical properties of In2O3 thin films obtained by an ultrasonic spray CVD process

Indium oxide (In₂O₃) thin films are successfully deposited on glass substrate at different deposition times by an ultrasonic spray technique using Indium chloride as the precursor solution; the physical properties of these films are characterized by XRD, SEM, and UV-visible. XRD analysis showed that the films are polycrystalline in nature having a cubic crystal structure and symmetry space group Ia3 with a preferred grain orientation along the (222) plane when the deposition time changes from 4 to 10 min, but when the deposition time equals 13 min we found that the majority of grains preferred the (400) plane. The surface morphology of the In₂O₃ thin films revealed that the shape of grains changes with the change of the preferential growth orientation. The transmittance improvement of In₂O₃ films was closely related to the good crystalline quality of the films. The optical gap energy is found to increase from 3.46 to 3.79 eV with the increasing of deposition time from 4 to 13 min. The film thickness was varied between 395 and 725 nm. The film grown at 13 min is found to exhibit low resistivity (10^-2 Ω·cm), and relatively high transmittance (~ 93%).     

Light-emitting devices based on atomically thin MoSe2

Atomically thin MoSe₂ layers, as a core member of the transition metal dichalcogenides(TMDs) family, benefit from their appealing properties, including tunable band gaps, high exciton binding energies, and giant oscillator strengths, thus providing an intriguing platform for optoelectronic applications of light-emitting diodes(LEDs), field-effect transistors(FETs), single-photon emitters(SPEs), and coherent light sources(CLSs). Moreover, these MoSe₂ layers can realize stron...     

Ta2O5单晶激光法生长及其介电性质研究

Ta2O5 single crystals have been grown by the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique up to several centimeters length with diameter of 1.1 mm. The crystal, characterized by X-ray diffraction, dielectric measurement, and thermal expansion analysis, has Htri-Wa2O5 symmetry. Dielectric permittivity, loss tangent along [001] and [110] direction were investigated over the temperature range from -180℃ to 100℃. Large dielectric anisotropy in 2O5 single crystal was observed. At room temperature, the dielectric permittivities (1 MHz) along [001] and [110] are 33.2 and 231.9, respectively. The reason of dielectric enhancement in Ta2O5 crystal grown by LHPG was also discussed.     

Growth and dielectric properties of Ta_2O_5 single crystals grown by laser heated pedestal growth technique

Ta2O5 single crystals have been grown by the laser heated pedestal growth (LHPG) technique up to several centimeters length with diameter of 1.1 mm. The crystal, characterized by X-ray diffraction, dielectric measurement, and thermal expansion analysis, has Htri-Ta2O5 symmetry. Dielectric permittivity, loss tangent along [001] and [110] direction were investigated over the temperature range from -80 ℃ to 100 ℃. Large dielectric anisotropy in Ta2O5 single crystal was observed. At room temperature, the dielectric permittivities (1 MHz) along [001] and [110] are 33.2 and 231.9, respectively. The reason of dielectric enhancement in Ta2O5 crystal grown by LHPG was also discussed.     

N 和 Fe 共掺杂对TiO2电子结构和光学性质影响的第一性原理研究

本文采用基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理研究了N 和 Fe共掺杂锐钛矿相TiO2的电子结构和光学特性。计算结果表明,不同位置N 和 Fe共掺杂影响共掺TiO2的稳定性。通过态密度讨论了掺杂TiO2带隙变窄的机理。 不同位置N 和 Fe共掺杂影响了可见光吸收。N 和 Fe共掺杂的协同效应导致了可见光吸收的增强。因此,N 和 Fe共掺杂也许增强TiO2在可见光区的光催化能力。     

Properties of n-type SnO2 semiconductor prepared by spray ultrasonic technique for photovoltaic applications

Transparent conducting n-type SnO₂ semiconductor films were fabricated by employing an inexpensive, simplified spray ultrasonic technique using an ultrasonic generator at deferent substrate temperatures(300, 350, 400, 450 and 500℃). The structural studies reveal that the SnO₂ films are polycrystalline at 350, 400, 450, 500℃ with preferential orientation along the(200) and(101) planes, and amorphous at 300℃. The crystallite size of the films was found to be in the range of 20.9-72.2 nm. The optical transmittance in the visible range and the optical band gap are 80% and 3.9 eV respectively. The films thicknesses were varied between 466 and 1840 nm. The resistivity was found between 1.6 and 4×10^-2 Ω·cm. This simplified ultrasonic spray technique may be considered as a promising alternative to a conventional spray for the massive production of economic SnO₂ films for solar cells, sensors and opto-electronic applications.     

基于密度泛函理论计算的3d过渡金属掺杂CuGaS2电子结构分析

3d transition metals doped CuGaS2 are considered as possible absorbing material candidates for intermediated band thin film solar cells. The electronic structure and optical properties of 3d transition metals doped CuGaS2 are investigated by using density functional theory calculations with the GGA ＋ U method in the present work. The doping with 3d transition metals does not obviously change the crystal structure, band gap, and optical absorption edge of the CuGaS2 host. However, in the case of CuGa1-χTMχS2 （TM = Ti, V, Cr, Fe, and Ni）, there is at least one distinct isolated impurity energy level in the band gap, and the optical absorption is enhanced in the ultraviolet-light region. Therefore, these materials are band thin film solar ceils. The calculated results are very well better explain them. ideal absorber material candidates for intermediated consistent with experimental observations, and could better explain them.     

Electrical transport properties of semiconducting chromium molybdenum diselenide single crystals

Mixed chromium–molybdenum diselenides (Cr_xMo_1−xSe₂ (x=0.25, 0.50, 0.75)) have been grown in single crystalline forms by the chemical vapor transport technique. Electrical transport properties like electrical resistivity (perpendicular and parallel to the c-axis), thermoelectric power measurements at high temperature and Hall effect measurements at room temperature were performed on these single crystals. Preliminary study of electrical measurements suggest a semiconducting behavior of Cr_xMo_1−xSe₂ (x=0.25, 0.50, 0.75) single crystals. Data of Hall coefficient and thermoelectric power have good agreement with each other and confirms the p-type nature of these crystals. Our findings should motivate an in-depth investigation of the underlying mechanisms.