节能降耗的电力计量技术的应用

电力能源的消耗是我国社会发展的重要组成部分,其对国民经济的增长和人民生活水平的提高具有十分重大的意义和作用.为了实现节能降耗的目的,就需要采用合理的措施来进行节能的计量工作,其中,供电计量的准确与否是影响电能质量的关键因素.因此,如何有效的控制电力的能耗就成为了必须要解决的问题.     

完全电力调度监控的可靠性问题与对策分析

当前的城市建设、区域规划过程中,电力产业的革新是非常重要的手段,所有的工作开展都要借此来得到卓越的成果,并且在一系列的问题处置上不能放松,必须在电力调度监控的可靠性方面积极的转变.电力行业的发展速度正不断的加快,所有的电力工程、电力项目,都要在监控的措施上不断的增加,发现任何问题都要快速的解决.电力调度监控的策略,在于...     

换热站控制策略优化与节能的探讨

节能技术的应用成为现阶段我国供热行业的热门话题和关注的焦点。换热站作为供热系统连接管网与用户的一个重要环节,换热站的自动化程度和换热站的控制策略对系统的运行有着至关重要的作用,同时对热网的节能也有很重要的影响。结合换热站自动控制国内外的发展现状,介绍供热系统的调节方式,对换热站的控制策略进行优化。优化换热站的控制策略不仅可以提高换热站的供热品质,还可以实现节能目标,提升经济效益。     

制冷剂环境影响及可持续发展浅析

论述了当前使用的制冷剂以及存在的问题,指出现行制冷剂对臭氧层的破坏作用及引起的温室效应,将严重影响环境的可持续发展。总结了当前制冷剂的替代工作及取得的成果。在论述可持续发展概念的基础上分析了制冷剂的替代研究与环境的可持续发展的关系,得出了环境的可持续发展的要求推动了制冷剂的替代研究工作,并为替代研究指明了方向,同时制冷剂的替代进一步促进了环境的可持续发展。总结了在环境可持续发展要求下的制冷剂的发展趋势。     

轻钢结构房屋在节能环保方面的分析研究

随着社会的发展和进步,我国的各行各业都处于快速发展当中.但同时迅速发展的经济也给生态环境造成了一定的破坏.为了未来更好的发展.我国开始走可持续发展的道路.即将节能环保作为我国发展的战略部署之一.住房一直是人们日常生活当中不可缺少的重要组成部分.传统的房地产开发行业会对周围的环境造成一定的损害.扬起的粉尘还有施工遗留下的...     

摩托车排放耐久劣化系数的误差分析

介绍了摩托车排放耐久的劣化系数DF的测试计算过程,分析了排放耐久过程的排放测试值的随机误差对最终计算的劣化系数DF的影响,给出了排放测试值设定随机误差范围下对应的劣化系数DF的分布范围及对应的概率,提出了减小测试值的随机误差对最终计算的劣化系数DF影响的方法。     

工业齿轮油的现状及发展趋势

随着齿轮设备的发展和使用环境的变化,机械设备对齿轮润滑的要求不断提高。齿轮油也随着工业设备的发展,质量不断提高。齿轮油的发展经历了从原来的低性能发展到现在的到高性能,从定期换油到免维护的发展过程。齿轮油的高性能离不开高性能添加剂和添加剂的复配,因此齿轮润滑油添加剂的发展是未来齿轮油高性能化的基础。随着齿轮油标准化的完善,齿轮油的使用更加规范。而随着环保的要求,可降解的合成油和植物油也开始在工业齿轮中应用。     

浅谈包头黄河水处理

近些年来,随着城市建设以及经济的发展,内蒙古行政区内的包头市人口不断增加,使得城市90％的饮用水来自黄河。因此,水的质量问题是非常重要的。随着工业生产的不断发展,大量的生产和生活污水的排放造成严重的土壤,地表水的污染以及地下水环境的破坏。     

城镇污水处理厂节能降耗研究现状及发展趋势

污水处理属于能耗密集型的行业,我国的污水处理能耗大约占用社会电能耗的0.3%,因此探究污水处理工艺的节能措施有利于节约社会资源。当前我国的污水处理厂的基础设施正在不断的完善,为来污水处理厂运行中的节能消耗需要构建全程优化和精细化的管理体系,实现污水处理的节能。城镇污水的处理与我国建设绿色低碳环保节能的家园有着密切的关系。在研究城镇污水处理节能措施的基础上,分析其节能技术的途径以及未来城镇污水处理的发展趋势。     

发动机气缸套深滚压强化处理技术研究

发动机气缸套支撑肩退刀槽部位是气缸套结构最薄弱的环节,支撑肩疲劳失效产生的掉台失效是发动机事故最严重的故障之一,气缸套瞬间断裂,高速运转的活塞及连杆击碎缸套的碎片有可能击穿机体,造成严重的事故。随着发动机向高速、高压方向的发展,对气缸套的疲劳强度提出更高的要求,如何利用有效的手段,在不增加气缸套成本的前提下提高气缸套的寿命,是气缸套厂家的重点研究方向。滚压技术作为一种提高金属疲劳强度的一种手段已在很多方面得到应用,目前存在的问题是如何针对不同的产品定量定性的生产、检测、指导气缸套的滚压效果,目前没有这方面具有指导意义的详细的数据及公式。我们根据长期、大量的对气缸套滚压试验生产数据总结出的一套指导生产的工艺参数、过程监测、效果评价体系,形成了一套指导生产实际的规范性文件,对气缸套的滚压技术具有较深的指导意义。     

山水气林田湖草城系统治理工程技术研究

本文对“山水气林田湖草城”系统治理的理论与工程技术进行了全面深入地研究.提出了修复山形地貌、净化水体质量、调节大气成分、优化森林结构、改良农田土质、重建湖域生态、扩大种草面积、完善城市规划的方法.对“山水气林田湖草城”进行整体保护、系统恢复、综合治理;量化生态资源的隐性价值;发展新气候经济;实施碳热氧产品交易;设立碳热氧税制度;建立经济生产总值与生态生产总值平衡发展体系;创建零碳模式;使人与植物、动物、微生物和自然环境之间,生物各个种群之间,生态诸子系统之间,通过能量流动、物质循环和信息传递达到高度适应、协调和统一的平衡状态,减弱减少自然灾害,延长人类在地球上的生存时间.     

生活垃圾处理场环境绩效审计初探

通过对某垃圾处理场的环境审计,对该场的垃圾填埋过程、渗滤液处理过程、管理水平、财务过程、污水排放以及环境绩效进行检查、测试、诊断、咨询和评价,排查垃圾处理场可能存在的重点问题,查找解决问题的方法,提出具体的整改措施,完善资金投入体制。最终目的是提升垃圾处理场管理水平,优化处理能力,并通过审计的全过程分析为环境绩效审计提供一个实践的案例。     

Research progress on hydrate plugging in multiphase mixed rich-liquid transportation pipelines

The plugging mechanism of multiphase mixed rich-liquid transportation in submarine pipeline is a prerequisite for maintaining the fluid flow in the pipeline and ensuring safe fluid flow. This paper introduced the common experimental devices used to study multiphase flow, and summarized the plugging progress and mechanism in the liquid-rich system. Besides, it divided the rich-liquid phase system into an oil-based system, a partially dispersed system, and a water-based system according to the different water cuts, and discussed the mechanism of hydrate plugging. Moreover, it summarized the mechanism and the use of anti-agglomerates in different systems. Furthermore, it proposed some suggestions for future research on hydrate plugging. First, in the oil-based system, the effect factors of hydrates are combined with the mechanical properties of hydrate deposit layer, and the hydrate plugging mechanism models at inclined and elbow pipes should be established. Second, the mechanism of oil-water emulsion breaking in partially dispersed system and the reason for the migration of the oil-water interface should be analyzed, and the property of the free water layer on the hydrate plugging process should be quantified. Third, a complete model of the effect of the synergy of liquid bridge force and van der Waals force in the water-based system on the hydrate particle coalescence frequency model is needed, and the coalescence frequency model should be summarized. Next, the dynamic analysis of a multiphase mixed rich-liquid transportation pipeline should be coupled with the process of hydrate coalescence, deposition, and blockage decomposition. Finally, the effects of anti-agglomerates on the morphological evolution of hydrate under different systems and pipeline plugging conditions in different media should be further explored.     

IEA biomass thermal gasification project

The Biomass Thermal Gasification Project was started in late 1989 as Activity 4 of the IEA Bioenergy Agreement Task VII, Biomass Conversion. This paper reviews the project activities since its beginning, addressing biomass resources, state-of-the-art gasification technology, research needs, and the future project activities that are especially relevant to the nine (9) participating countries: Canada, Denmark, Finland, Italy, The Netherlands, Sweden, Switzerland, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America.     

Spectral local linearisation method for MHD Casson fluid on stratified bioconvective porous medium flow due to gyrotactic microorganisms

In this paper, the effect of hall parameter on the flow of Casson nanofluid containing gyrotactic microorganisms over a stretching boundary in a porous medium is studied. The stratification, porosity, and Casson fluid parameters are also examined. Using suitable similarity transformations, the basic equations describing the flow are converted to nonlinear differential equations, which are then solved computationally using the spectral local linearisation method. The effects of key parameters such as the Hall parameter, the thermophoresis parameter, the porosity parameter, and Casson fluid parameters are analyzed. The results obtained suggest that the Hall parameter has the effect of decreasing the secondary flow, the heat and mass transfer rate, and density of the motile microorganisms. A decrease in the the Hall parameter is found to cause an increase in the transfer rate, the mass transfer rate, and the density of the motile microorganisms. An increase in the porosity parameter leads to a decline in the skin friction, heat transfer rate, mass transfer rate, and density of the motile microorganisms. The applications of this study arise in industrial areas, including Hall current accelerators, planetary dynamics, Hall current sensors, and magnetohydrodynamic power generators.     

Heat transfer performance of wet porous solar collectors under periodic conditions

Fourier's law was often used to study the heat transfer of collector plates. However, some scholars have found that under time-varying periodic boundary conditions, using Fourier's law for research will produce certain deviations. In the current work, periodic boundary conditions are used, so the effect of non-Fourier efficiency on the heat transfer of the collector plate needs to be considered. Based on the Cattaneo–Vernotte equation, a heat transfer model of the solar collector plate with a limited heat transfer rate is constructed, and the problem is solved by the lattice Boltzmann method. On this basis, the influence of radiation, porous media, humidity, and relaxation time on solar collectors is considered. And the average efficiency, tip temperature, and exergy loss of the collectors are quantitatively analyzed. The results show that when the non-Fourier effect is considered, the tip temperature of the collector plate decreases, the average efficiency and the exergy loss increase. Moreover, with the increase of relaxation time, the tip temperature is lower, the efficiency and the exergy loss are greater. As the humidity and radiation increase, the tip temperature decreases, and the exergy loss and average efficiency increase. When other factors remain unchanged, the average efficiency, tip temperature, and exergy loss increased with an increase in porosity.     

Exergetic sustainability evaluation and optimization of an irreversible Brayton cycle performance

Owing to the energy demands and global warming issue, employing more effective power cycles has become a responsibility. This paper presents a thermodynamical study of an irreversible Brayton cycle with the aim of optimizing the performance of the Brayton cycle. Moreover, four different schemes in the process of multi-objective optimization were suggested, and the outcomes of each scheme are assessed separately. The power output, the concepts of entropy generation, the energy, the exergy output, and the exergy efficiencies for the irreversible Brayton cycle are considered in the analysis. In the first scheme, in order to maximize the exergy output, the ecological function and the ecological coefficient of performance, a multi-objective optimization algorithm (MOEA) is used. In the second scheme, three objective functions including the exergetic performance criteria, the ecological coefficient of performance, and the ecological function are maximized at the same time by employing MOEA. In the third scenario, in order to maximize the exergy output, the exergetic performance criteria and the ecological coefficient of performance, a MOEA is performed. In the last scheme, three objective functions containing the exergetic performance criteria, the ecological coefficient of performance, and the exergy-based ecological function are maximized at the same time by employing multi-objective optimization algorithms. All the strategies are implemented via multi-objective evolutionary algorithms based on the NSGAII method. Finally, to govern the final outcome in each scheme, three well-known decision makers were employed.     

烘焙对生物质热化学转化特性影响的研究进展

生物质是可再生能源的重要组成部分,储量巨大,但其含水量高、能量密度和热值低等缺点致使其研磨难度大、存储运输不便,难以资源化利用。本文对烘焙预处理技术的过程及特点、能耗分析和较为理想的烘焙标准进行了简述;并重点阐述了烘焙对生物质燃烧、热解和气化特性影响的研究进展。经烘焙处理后的生物质在炉膛内可快速、稳定燃烧,炉内温度迅速升高,产生的烟气量减少;热解产生的生物质焦油中水和乙酸含量明显减少,苯酚含量增加,热值总体升高;气化合成气品质明显提升,能量密度增大,总气化效率显著提高。此外,对烘焙预处理技术在城市固体废弃物处理的应用进行了简要的概述,并对其在生物质和城市固体废弃物研究方向上进行了展望。     

Combustion characteristics and flame stability of linear esters of palmitic acid based on OH-PLIF technology

Experimental study on combustion characteristics and method for evaluating flame stability was carried out. Methyl palmitate, ethyl palmitate, propyl palmitate, butyl palmitate, and amyl palmitate were prepared using pyridine n-butyl bisulfate ionic liquid as catalyst in a self-designed reactor to catalyze esterification reaction of palmitic acid with methanol, ethanol, propanol, butanol, and pentanol, respectively. Combustion characteristics including the flame height, flame front area, and flame speed were analyzed; and OH-PLIF time-average total signal strength by the OH-PLIF technique and cold flow properties of linear-chain alkyl esters of palmitic acid were also studied. Image diagnosis was applied to the study of flame stability, and an image segmentation method using three color feature matrices of flame corresponding to the red, green, and blue components was proposed. A color was selected as the evaluation color and the iterative method was used to obtain the optimal threshold for the area where the flame was located. Each pixel in the matrix was compared with an optimal threshold, and the flame stability was evaluated by calculating the ratio variance under continuous conditions. The method is simple in operation, accurate in repeatability, less interfered, and provides some guidance for analysis and optimization of biodiesel combustion process.     

A critical review of ash slagging mechanisms and viscosity measurement for low-rank coal and bio-slags

Gasification or combustion of coal and biomass is the most important form of power generation today. However, the use of coal/biomass at high temperatures has an inherent problem related to the ash generated. The formation of ash leads to a problematic phenomenon called slagging. Slagging is the accumulation of molten ash on the walls of the furnace, gasifier, or boiler and is detrimental as it reduces the heat transfer rate, and the combustion/gasification rate of unburnt carbon, causes mechanical failure, high-temperature corrosion and on occasions, superheater explosions. To improve the gasifier/combustor facility, it is very important to understand the key ash properties, slag characteristics, viscosity and critical viscosity temperature. This paper reviews the content, compositions, and melting characteristics of ashes in differently ranked coal and biomass, and discusses the formation mechanism, characteristics, and structure of slag. In particular, this paper focuses on low-rank coal and biomass that have been receiving increased attention recently. Besides, it reviews the available methodologies and formulae for slag viscosity measurement/prediction and summarizes the current limitations and potential applications. Moreover, it discusses the slagging behavior of different ranks of coal and biomass by examining the applicability of the current viscosity measurement methods to these fuels, and the viscosity prediction models and factors that affect the slag viscosity. This review shows that the existing viscosity models and slagging indices can only satisfactorily predict the viscosity and slagging propensity of high-rank coals but cannot predict the slagging propensity and slag viscosity of low-rank coal, and especially biomass ashes, even if they are limited to a particular composition only. Thus, there is a critical need for the development of an index, or a model or even a measurement method, which can predict/measure the slagging propensity and slag viscosity correctly for all low-rank coal and biomass ashes.